Potoloho ea Carnot - mathata le litharollo

1. Haeba mocheso o monngoa ke enjene (Q ₁ ) = 10,000 Joules, mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene ea Carnot ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang: Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 1

Mocheso o tlase (T ₂ ) = 400 K

Mocheso o phahameng (T ₁ ) = 800 K

Ho kenya mocheso (Q ₁ ) = 10,000 Joule

Ho batloa: Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot (W)

tharollo:

Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:

Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 2

Mosebetsi o entsoe ke enjene ea Carnot:

W = e Q ₁

W = (1/2)(10,000) = 5000 Joule

Ho latela kerafo e kaholimo, mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene potolohong ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang: Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 3

Mocheso o tlase (T _L ) = 400 K

Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 600 K

Ho kenya mocheso (Q ₁ ) = 600 Joule

Ho batloa: Mosebetsi o entsoe ka enjene ea Carnot (W)

Tharollo:

Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:

Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot: Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 4

W = e Q ₁

W = (1/3)(600) = 200 Joule

3. Ho latela kerafo e ka tlase, bokgoni ba enjene ya Carnot ke bofe?

Tse tsejoang: Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 5

Mocheso o tlase (T _L ) = 350 K

Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 500 K

Ho batloa: Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot (e)

Tharollo:

Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (500 - 350) / 500

e = 150 / 500

e = 0.3

e = 30/100 = 30%

4. Ho latela kerafo e ka tlase, mocheso o phahameng oa enjene ea mocheso ke 600 K mme mocheso o tlase ke 400 K. Haeba mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene e le W, tlhahiso ea mocheso ke efe.

Tse tsejoang: Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 6

Mocheso o tlase (T _L ) = 400 K

Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 600 K

Ho batloa: tlhahiso ea mocheso ( _{Kotara ea 2} )

Tharollo:

Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (600 - 400) / 600

e = 200 / 600

e = 1/3

Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot:

W = e Q ₁

W = mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene, e = bokgoni, Q1 = ho kenya mocheso

W = (1/3)(Q ₁ )

3W = Q ₁

Mocheso o hlahang:

P ₂ = P ₁ – W

Q ₂ = 3W – W

Q ₂ = 2W

5. Ho latela kerafo e ka tlase, haeba tlhahiso ea mocheso e le 3000 Joules, tlhahiso ea mocheso ke efe.

Tse tsejoang:

Mocheso o tlase (T)_L) = 500 K Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 7

Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 800 K

Mocheso o hlahisoang (Q ₂ ) = 3000 Joules

Ho batloa: Ho kenya mocheso (Q ₁ )

Tharollo:

Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (800 – 500) /8600

e = 300 / 800

e = 3/8

Mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene ea Carnot:

W = e Q ₁

W = (3/8)(Q ₁ )

8W/3 = Q ₁

P ₂ = P ₁ – W

Q ₂ = 8W/3 – 3W/3

Q ₂ = 5W/3

3Q ₂ = 5W

W = 3Q ₂ /5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800

Mocheso o monngoang ke enjene:

P ₁ = Bophara + P ₂ = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joule

6. Enjene ea Carnot e monya mocheso mochesong o phahameng oa 800 Kelvin 'me katleho ea enjene ea Carnot ke 50%. Ke mocheso ofe o phahameng oa ho eketsa katleho ho fihlela ho 80% haeba mocheso o tlase o lula o tsitsitse?

Tse tsejoang:

Haeba mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 800 K, bokgoni (e) = 50% = 0.5

Ho batloa: Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ haeba bokgoni (e) = 80% = 0.8

Tharollo:

Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 8

Mocheso o tlase = 400 Kelvin

Mocheso o phahameng (TH) ke ofe _haeba bokgoni (e) = 80%?

Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 9

Mocheso o phahameng = 2000 Kelvin

7. Enjene ea Carnot e sebetsa mochesong o phahameng oa 600 Kelvin ka katleho ea 40%. Haeba katleho ea enjene e le 75% 'me mocheso o tlase o lula o tsitsitse, mocheso o phahameng ke ofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Haeba mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ = 600 K, bokgoni (e) = 40% = 0.4

Ho batloa: Mocheso o phahameng (TH ₎ haeba bokgoni (e) = 75% = 0.75

Tharollo:

Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 10

Mocheso o phahameng (T)_H) haeba bokgoni (e) = 75% ? Potoloho ea carnot - mathata le litharollo 11

Mocheso o phahameng = 1440 Kelvin

Potoloho ea Carnot ke eng? karabo: Potoloho ea Carnot ke potoloho ea thermodynamic ea khopolo-taba e emelang potoloho e sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa ea enjine ea mocheso e ka fetoloang. E na le lits'ebetso tse peli tsa isothermal le lits'ebetso tse peli tsa adiabatic.
Ke hobane'ng ha potoloho ea Carnot e nkoa e le potoloho e loketseng? karabo: Potoloho ea Carnot e nkoa e le ntle hobane e emela moeli o ka holimo oa katleho bakeng sa enjene efe kapa efe ea mocheso. Ha ho enjene ea 'nete e ka sebetsang hantle ho feta enjene ea Carnot e sebetsang lipakeng tsa matamo a mabeli a mocheso a tšoanang.
Mekhoa e mene ea potoloho ea Carnot ke efe? karaboMekhoa e mene potolohong ea Carnot ke:
1. Katoloso ea Isothermal mochesong o phahameng $T_{H}$ .
2. Katoloso ea Adiabatic (moo sistimi e kengoang mochesong le ho phola).
3. Khatello ea Isothermal mochesong o tlase $T_{C}$ .
4. Khatello ea Adiabatic (moo sistimi e kengoang mochesong le mochesong).
Hobaneng ho se na enjene ea 'nete ea mocheso e sebetsang potolohong ea Carnot? karabo: Lienjene tsa 'nete li na le tahlehelo e ke keng ea fetoloa, joalo ka khohlano, 'me li ke ke tsa boloka ho kenella ho phethahetseng nakong ea lits'ebetso tsa adiabatic. Ho feta moo, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fihlela lits'ebetso tse liehang haholo tsa isothermal tse hlokoang ke potoloho ea Carnot.
Bokgoni ba enjene ea Carnot ke bofe? karabo: Bokgoni $η$ ea enjene ea Carnot e sebetsang lipakeng tsa matamo a mabeli a mocheso $T_{H}$ (e chesang) le $T_{C}$ (serame) e fanoa ke: $η = 1 - T ^{C / T H}$
moo mocheso o leng ho Kelvin.
Hobaneng enjene ea Carnot e sa khone ho ba le katleho ea 100%? karabo: Bokgoni ba enjene ya Carnot bo itshetlehile ka phapang ya mocheso pakeng tsa matamo a chesang le a batang. Ho fihlella bokgoni ba 100%, mocheso wa tamo e batang o tla hloka ho ba lefela le feletseng (0 Kelvin), e leng ntho e ke keng ya fihlellwa ha e sebediswa.
Bohlokoa ba ho fetoha hape ke bofe potolohong ea Carnot? karabo: Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo ho netefatsa hore ha ho na lits'ebetso tse hlahisang entropy, ho bolelang hore potoloho e ka sebetsa ka katleho e kholo. Ts'ebetso efe kapa efe e ke keng ea fetoloa e tla fokotsa katleho ea potoloho.
Potoloho ea Carnot e amana joang le molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics? karabo: Potoloho ea Carnot e tšehetsa Molao oa Bobeli ka ho theha moeli o phahameng oa katleho ea lienjene tsa mocheso. Molao oa Bobeli o tiisa hore ha ho enjene e ka sebetsang hantle ho feta enjene ea Carnot e sebetsang lipakeng tsa mocheso o tšoanang.
Hobaneng ho sa khonehe ho ba le lits'ebetso tsa isothermal lits'ebetsong tsa lefats'e la nnete hantle feela kamoo li hlahang potolohong ea Carnot? karabo: Ts'ebetso ea isothermal, joalo ka ha e bontšitsoe potolohong ea Carnot, e hloka nako e sa feleng, e leng se sa sebetseng lits'ebetsong tsa lefats'e la nnete. Lebaka ke hobane ho boloka boemo ba isothermal, phetiso ea mocheso e lokela ho etsahala butle haholo.
Potoloho ea Carnot e thusa baenjiniere le bo-rasaense joang? Karabo : Potoloho ea Carnot e fana ka tekanyetso ea khopolo-taba bakeng sa katleho e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea lienjene tsa mocheso. Ka ho bapisa lienjene tsa 'nete le potoloho ea Carnot, baenjiniere le bo-rasaense ba ka khetholla libaka tse lokelang ho ntlafatsoa le ho utloisisa meeli ea motheo ea meralo ea bona.