Matla a Kutloano le Khomarelo
Matla a ho kopanya ke matla a ho hohelang pakeng tsa limolek'hule tse nthong e tšoanang, ha matla a ho hohelang pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa ntho e sa lekanang a bitsoa Matla a ho khomarela. Mohlala, re tšela metsi ka khalaseng. Ho kopanya ho etsahala ha limolek'hule tsa metsi li hohelana, ha ho khomarela ho etsahala ha limolek'hule tsa metsi le limolek'hule tsa khalase li hohelana.
Khokahano ea ho ikopanya
Pele re ithuta mohopolo oa Capillarity, re qala ka ho utloisisa hore na tšusumetso ea matla a ho khomarela le matla a ho kopana e ama capillarity joang. Mohlala, re hlahloba mokelikeli o ka khalaseng. Ha matla a ho kopana a molek'hule ea mokelikeli a le matla ho feta matla a ho khomarela (matla a hulang pakeng tsa molek'hule ea mokelikeli le molek'hule ea khalase) bokaholimo ba mokelikeli bo tla etsa mothinya o nyolohang. Mohlala oa nyeoe ena ke ha metsi a le ka khalaseng. Hangata, ho thoe metsi a kolobisa bokaholimo ba khalase. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba matla a ho khomarela a le matla, bokaholimo ba mokelikeli bo tla kobeha ho ea tlase. Mohlala, ha mercury e le ka khalaseng.
Sekhutlo se bopilweng ke mothinya se bitswa sekhutlo sa kgokelo. Ha matla a kgokelo ya mokelikeli a phahame ho feta matla a kgokelo, sekhutlo sa kgokelo se bopilweng hangata se nyane ho feta 90o (setshwantsho sa a). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba matla a kgomarelang a phahametse matla a kgomarelo ya mokelikeli, sekhutlo sa kgomarelo se hlahisitsweng se feta 90o (setšoantšo sa b). Matla a ho khomarela le matla a ho kopanya a thata ho a bala ho ea ka khopolo-taba, empa likhutlo tsa ho kopana li ka lekanngoa. E amana joang le capillarity?
Khopolo ea capillarity
Haeba matla a ho kopanya mokelikeli a le maholo ho feta matla a ho khomarela, bokaholimo ba mokelikeli bo tla kobeha ho ea holimo. Ha re kenya tube e tšesaane kapa phaephe (phaephe eo bophara ba eona bo leng bonyenyane ho feta setshelo), mokelikeli o ka har'a setshelo o nyoloha ka har'a kholomo ea phaephe. Lebaka ke hobane matla a khatello eohle ea bokaholimo leboteng la phaephe a sebetsa holimo. Bolelele bo phahameng boo mokelikeli o ka bo fihlelang ke ha matla a khatello ea bokaholimo a lekana le boima ba mokelikeli o ka har'a phaephe. Kahoo, mokelikeli o ka nyolohela feela bophahamong moo matla a khatello ea bokaholimo a leka-lekanang le boima ba mokelikeli o ka har'a phaephe.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba matla a ho khomarela a le maholo ho feta matla a ho kopanya mokelikeli, bokaholimo ba mokelikeli bo tla kobeha ho ea tlase. Ha re kenya phala e tšesaane kapa phaephe (phaephe e nang le bophara bo bonyenyane ho feta setshelo), e tla etsa karolo e ka tlase ea mokelikeli (sheba setšoantšo se ka tlase).
Phello ena e tsejoa e le capillary, 'me phaephe e tšesaane e bitsoa capillary tube. Hopola hore methapo ea rona e menyenyane ea mali le eona e ka bitsoa capillary pipes hobane phallo ea mali methapong e menyenyane ea mali le eona e etsahala ka lebaka la liphello tsa capillary. Ka ho tšoanang, ketsahalo ea ho qhibiliha ha boka kapa parafini ho phahama ka har'a axis. Ho feta moo, capillarity le eona e lumeloa hore e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho feteng ha metsi le lintho tse nang le phepo ho tloha metsong ho ea makhasing ka har'a methapo ea xylem. Haeba ho se na capillarity, bokaholimo ba mobu bo tla oma hang ka mor'a pula. Phello e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea capillarity ke ho bolokoa ha metsi likheong tse pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa mobu.
Tekanyo ea capillarity
Re ka fumana bophahamo ba metsi a nyolohang ka har'a kholomo ea phaephe ea capillary joang? Ho phahama ha mokelikeli kholomong ea phaephe ea capillary, e nang le radius r ho fihlela bophahamong h. Matla a sebetsang ho tšoareng mokelikeli bophahamong h ke karolo ea matla a khatello ea bokaholimo ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng: F cos θ.
Karolo e ka holimo ea tube ea capillary e bulehile e le hore ho be le khatello ea sepakapaka holim'a metsi. Bolelele ba sebaka se amang pakeng tsa metsi le phaephe ke 2πr (circumference). Kahoo, boholo ba matla a khatello ea bokaholimo ba likarolo tse otlolohileng tse sebetsang holim'a sebaka se amang ke:
F = Matla a kgatello ya bokaholimo, γ = Kgatello ya bokaholimo, r = radius ya tube ya capillary, θ = Sekhutlo sa ho ikopanya
Haeba bokaholimo bo kobehileng bo hlokomolohuoa, bophahamo ba mokelikeli ka har'a phaephe ke:
Bophahamo ba mokelikeli = sebaka sa bokaholimo ba phaephe x bophahamo ba mokelikeli
V = A h
V = (π r 2 ) h
Haeba karolo e otlolohileng ea Matla a Khatello ea Bokaholimo e leka-lekanngoa le boima ba kholomo ea mokelikeli ka har'a tube ea capillary, joale mokelikeli o ke ke oa phahama hape. Ka mantsoe a mang, mokelikeli o tla fihla bophahamong ba oona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa, haeba karolo e otlolohileng ea matla a khatello ea bokaholimo e leka-lekanngoa le boima ba mokelikeli, e phahameng joaloka h. Karolo e otlolohileng ea matla a khatello ea bokaholimo ke:
F = γ 2 π r cos θ
Leha boima ba mokelikeli o ka har'a phaephe ea capillary ke:
w = mg
w = ρ V g
w = ρ (π r 2 h) g
Ha mokelikeli o fihla bophahamong ba ona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa (h), karolo e otlolohileng ya matla a kgatello ya bokahodimo e lokela ho lekana le boima ba mokelikeli o ka hara tube ya capillary. Ho ya ka dipalo, ho ngotswe:
Ena ke equation eo re e batlang. Haeba o batla ho fumana bophahamo ba kholomo ea mokelikeli, ka kopo nahana ka ho sebelisa equation ena.
