Thepa ea polokelo ea matla a motlakase ka har'a li-capacitor
Capacitor e entsoe ka lipoleiti/maqephe a mabeli a li-conductor 'me pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli ho na le dielectric . Qalong, li-conductor ka bobeli ha li tjhaje ka motlakase. Hore capacitor e sebetse, poleiti/leqephe le leng le le leng la conductor le tlameha ho tjhaja ka motlakase, moo tekanyo ea tjhaja ea motlakase ho conductor ka 'ngoe e tšoanang empa e le mefuta e fapaneng. Mohlala, conductor e 'ngoe e na le tjhaja ea Q = +10 Coulomb ebe conductor e 'ngoe e na le tjhaja ea Q = -10 Coulomb. Boteng ba boholo bo tšoanang empa bo fapane ba mefuta ea tjhaja ea motlakase ho li-conductor ka bobeli bo hlahisa tšimo ea motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor, moo tataiso ea tšimo ea motlakase e leng ho tloha ho tjhaja e ntle ho ea ho tjhaja e mpe. Ho phaella moo, phapang ea bokhoni ba motlakase le eona e hlaha pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli, moo conductor e chajileng hantle e nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba motlakase ha conductor e chajileng hampe e na le bokhoni bo tlase ba motlakase.
Ho tjhaja di-conductor ka bobedi, di hokahantswe le mohlodi wa motlakase, jwalo ka betri kapa mohlodi o mong wa motlakase. Qalong, di-conductor ka bobedi ha di nke lehlakore, ka palo e lekanang ya dielektrone tse tjhajisitsweng hampe le diprothone tse tjhajisitsweng hantle. Dielektrone di fetisetswa ho tloha ho conductor e nngwe ho ya ho e nngwe, e leng se fellang ka hore conductor e lahlehelwe ke dielektrone e tjhajilwe hantle mme conductor e fumanang dielektrone e tjhajilwe hampe. Palo ya dielektrone tse fetisetswang e lekana le palo ya dielektrone tse amohetsweng, e leng se fellang ka hore conductor e nngwe le e nngwe e be le tjhaji e tshwanang ya motlakase. Ho lokela ho hlokomelwa hore ha capacitor e hokahantswe le betri, betri e sebetsa jwalo ka conductor, e fetisetsa dielektrone ho tloha ho conductor e nngwe ho ya ho e nngwe.
Mokhanni e mong o hokahantsoe le palo e mpe 'me mokhanni e mong o hokahantsoe le palo e ntle. Boteng ba phapang ea matla a motlakase (V) lipakeng tsa li-terminal tse peli tsa betri bo baka phetisetso ea lielektrone (q) ho tloha ho mokhanni e mong ho ea ho e 'ngoe. Phetisetso ea lielektrone e emisa hang ha phapang ea matla a motlakase pakeng tsa bakhanni ba babeli e lekana le phapang ea matla a motlakase ea betri. Qalong, ha bakhanni ba sa tjhajoa ka motlakase, ha ho hlokahale mosebetsi ho tsamaisa lielektrone. Hang ha ho e-na le tjhaja ea motlakase ho mokhanni e mong le e mong, mosebetsi oa hlokahala ho tsamaisa lielektrone. Ha tjhaja ea motlakase ho mokhanni e mong le e mong e le kholo, mosebetsi o hlokahalang ho tsamaisa lielektrone o ba moholo ka lebaka la matla a khelosang pakeng tsa lielektrone.
Phetisetso ea lielektrone ho tloha ho mokhanni e mong ho ea ho e mong ha e etsahale ka nako e le 'ngoe empa butle-butle e le hore motlakase oa motlakase pakeng tsa li-conductor tse peli le oona o eketsehe butle-butle. Kahoo ho bala mosebetsi oohle (W) nakong ea phetisetso ea lielektrone, boleng ba motlakase bo tloaelehileng (V/2) boa sebelisoa. Kahoo mosebetsi o etsoang ho tsamaisa lielektrone ke W = Q (V/2) = 1/2 Q V. Hobane mosebetsi oa ho tsamaisa lielektrone o fetoha matla a motlakase a bolokiloeng ka har'a capacitor, matla a motlakase a bolokiloeng ka har'a capacitor ke EP = 1/2 Q V. Hobane Q = CV, foromo EP = 1/2 QV e ka fetoloa ho EP = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (CV)(V) = 1/2 CV 2 le EP = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (Q)(Q/C) = 1/2 Q 2 /C. Tlhahisoleseling: Q = tjhaja ea motlakase, C = capacitance, V = motlakase.
Matla a motlakase tšimong ea motlakase
Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja, ha mokhanni e mong le e mong a qala ho tjhaja, tšimo ea motlakase e thehoa pakeng tsa lipoleiti/maqephe a mabeli a mokhanni. Ka hona, mosebetsi o etsoang ha o bake feela hore mokhanni a tjhaje ka motlakase, empa hape o hlahisa tšimo ea motlakase ka tsela e sa tobang pakeng tsa lipoleiti/maqephe a mabeli a mokhanni. Hobane mosebetsi o fetoloa matla a motlakase a bolokiloeng ka har'a capacitor, ho ka nahanoa hore matla a bolokiloe ka har'a tšimo ea motlakase.
Foromo e latelang e nkiloe ho paka ka lipalo kamano pakeng tsa matla a motlakase le masimo a motlakase.
Sehloohong se nang le sehlooho se reng parallel plate capacitors, foromo C = A ε o /s e nkiloe mme sehloohong se nang le sehlooho se reng electric potential, foromo V = E s e boletsoe. Pele ho moo, foromo ya matla a motlakase a bolokilweng ka har'a capacitor e nkiloe, e leng EP = 1/2 CV 2.
Tlhaloso ea foromo: EP = matla a motlakase, A = sebaka sa bokaholimo, s = sebaka, A s = bophahamo, E = tšimo ea motlakase, EP/A s = matla a motlakase ka yuniti ka bophahamo = bongata ba matla.
Foromo e ka hodimo e bolela hore matla a motlakase a ka bang teng ka yuniti bophahamo ba sebaka tshimong ya motlakase bo lekana le sekwere sa tshimo ya motlakase. Haeba ho na le dielectric pakeng tsa dipoleiti/maqephe a mabedi a tsamaisang motlakase, jwale ε o (tumello ya sebaka se lokolohileng) e nkeloa sebaka ke tumello ya thepa (ε). Le hoja equation ena ya matla a mangata e nkuwa ho sebediswa equation ya capacitor ya poleiti e tshwanang, equation ena e boetse e sebetsa le dibakeng tsohle tse nang le tshimo ya motlakase.
