Likhopolo tsa Tšusumetso ho Tsamaiso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Batho
Tšusumetso ke karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing ofe kapa ofe o atlehileng, e susumetsang boitlamo ba basebetsi, tlhahiso, le ts'ebetso ea mokhatlo ka kakaretso. Ho Tsamaiso ea Lisebelisoa tsa Batho (HRM), ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa tšusumetso ho bohlokoa ho qapa maano a susumetsang le ho boloka basebetsi ba susumelitsoeng. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba likhopolo tse 'maloa tse hlahelletseng tsa tšusumetso le ho buisana ka bohlokoa ba tsona le ts'ebeliso mekhoeng ea sejoale-joale ea HR.
Maslow's Hierarchy ea Litlhoko
Khopolo-taba ea Abraham Maslow, e thehiloeng ka 1943, e bolela hore litlhoko tsa batho li hlophisitsoe ka tatellano ea maemo. Mohlala ona oa maemo a mahlano o kenyelletsa:
1. Litlhoko tsa 'mele: Litlhoko tsa motheo tsa ho phela tse kang lijo, metsi le bolulo.
2. Litlhoko tsa Polokeho: Tšireletso le tšireletso khahlanong le kotsi ea 'mele le ea maikutlo.
3. Litlhoko tsa Sechaba: Likamano, lerato le ho ba le ba bang.
4. Ela Hloko Litlhoko: Boitlhompho, kananelo le maemo.
5. Ho Itlhahisa: Kgolo ya botho le kgotsofalo.
Moelelong oa HR, tsamaiso ea maemo ea Maslow e sebetsa e le motheo oa ho utloisisa litlhoko tsa basebetsi. Mohlala, ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa 'mele, lik'hamphani li fana ka meputso e hlōlisanang le maemo a mosebetsi a phutholohileng. Ho sebetsana le litlhoko tsa polokeho ho ka kenyelletsa tšireletso ea mosebetsi le tikoloho e sireletsehileng ea sebaka sa mosebetsi. Litlhoko tsa sechaba li finyelloa ka ho khothalletsa setso sa k'hamphani se kopanetsoeng. Litlhoko tsa bohlokoa li ka finyelloa ka ho ananela le ho putsa katleho ea basebetsi, ha ho itlhahisa ho ka kenyelletsa ho fana ka menyetla ea nts'etsopele ea profeshenale le mosebetsi o nang le moelelo.
Khopolo ea lintlha tse peli ea Herzberg
Khopolo-taba ea Mabaka a Mabeli ea Frederick Herzberg, e tsejoang hape e le Khopolo-taba ea Tšusumetso-Bohloeki, e khetholla pakeng tsa lintlha tse bakang khotsofalo ea mosebetsi (li-motivator) le tse bakang ho se khotsofale (mabaka a bohloeki).
Lintlha tsa Bohloeki:
– Moputso
– Maano a khamphani
– Maemo a mosebetsi
- Likamano tsa batho ba bang
– Tšireletso ea mosebetsi
Ba susumetsang:
– Katleho
– Kananelo
– Mosebetsi ka bowona
– Boikarabelo
– Tsoelo-pele
Ho ea ka Herzberg, le hoja mabaka a bohloeki a sa susumetse basebetsi, ho ba sieo ha bona ho baka ho se khotsofale. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lintho tse susumetsang li ka ntlafatsa khotsofalo le ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi haholo. Ho HRM, khopolo-taba ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho matlafatsa khothatso ea basebetsi, lik'hamphani ha lia lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo feela meputsong le maemong a mosebetsi, empa hape le ho fana ka menyetla ea ho finyella, ho ananela menehelo le ho fana ka menyetla ea ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi.
Khopolo ea McClelland ea Litlhoko
Khopolo-taba ea David McClelland e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ka bomong ba khannoa ke litlhoko tse tharo tsa mantlha:
1. Tlhoko ea Katleho (nAch): Takatso ea ho ipabola le ho fihlela lipheo.
2. Tlhoko ea Matla (nPow): Takatso ea ho susumetsa kapa ho laola ba bang.
3. Tlhoko ea ho ba le kamano (nAff): Takatso ea likamano tse mosa le tse haufi-ufi pakeng tsa batho.
Litsebi tsa HR li ka sebelisa khopolo-taba ea McClelland ho khetholla litlhoko tse ka sehloohong tsa basebetsi le ho ba beha mesebetsing moo ho ka etsahalang hore ba atlehe. Mohlala, ba nang le tlhoko e kholo ea katleho ba ka fuoa merero e thata, athe ba nang le tlhoko e kholo ea ho ikopanya ba ka ipabola maemong a shebaneng le sehlopha. Ho utloisisa litlhoko tsena ho thusa ho rala maano a khothatso a ikhethileng a khotsofatsang likhetho tsa basebetsi ka bomong.
Khopolo ea Tebello ea Vroom
Khopolo-taba ea Tebello ea Victor Vroom e totobatsa lits'ebetso tsa kelello tse susumetsang tšusumetso. Khopolo-taba ena e tiisa hore tšusumetso ke ts'ebetso ea lintlha tse tharo:
1. Tebello: Tumelo ea hore boiteko bo tla lebisa ts'ebetsong.
2. Sesebediswa: Tumelo ya hore tshebetso e tla putswa.
3. Valence: Boleng ba motho ka mong bo beha meputsong ea sephetho.
Ha e le hantle, HR e ka sebelisa khopolo-taba ea Vroom ka ho netefatsa hore basebetsi ba ikutloa ba kholisehile ka bokhoni ba bona (tebello), ba utloisisa kamano pakeng tsa ts'ebetso le meputso (boleng ba lisebelisoa), 'me ba ananela meputso e fanoang (valence). Mohlala, ho fana ka koetliso ea kamehla ho ka eketsa kholiseho, puisano e hlakileng mabapi le litekanyo tsa ts'ebetso e ka hlakisa khokahano ea ts'ebetso le moputso, 'me likhothaletso tse etselitsoeng basebetsi li ka netefatsa hore meputso e na le moelelo ho basebetsi.
Theory ea ho Ikemela (SDT)
Khopolo-taba ea Boikemisetso (SDT) e ntlafalitsoe ke Deci le Ryan, e shebane le tekanyo eo boitšoaro ba motho bo itlhohlelletsang le eo a iketsetsang qeto ka eona. SDT e khetholla litlhoko tse tharo tsa bohlokoa tsa kelello:
1. Boikemelo: Tlhoko ea ho ikutloa u laola liketso tsa hau.
2. Bokgoni: Tlhoko ea ho ikutloa u atleha ebile u na le bokhoni.
3. Kamano: Tlhoko ea ho ikutloa u hokahane le ba bang.
Maano a HR a matlafatsang basebetsi, a fanang ka menyetla ea ho ntlafatsa tsebo, le ho theha sebaka sa mosebetsi se tšehetsang a ka khotsofatsa litlhoko tsena. Mohlala, ho fana ka lihora tse tenyetsehang tsa mosebetsi ho ka ntlafatsa boikemelo, lithuto tsa kamehla tsa koetliso li ka eketsa bokhoni, 'me mesebetsi ea ho haha sehlopha e ka matlafatsa kamano.
Khopolo ea ho ipehela lipakane
E hlahisitsoe ke Edwin Locke le Gary Latham, Khopolo-taba ea ho Beha Lipakane e fana ka maikutlo a hore lipheo tse tobileng le tse phephetsang, hammoho le maikutlo a nepahetseng, li ntlafatsa khothatso le ts'ebetso ea basebetsi.
Litšobotsi tsa ho beha lipakane ka katleho li kenyelletsa:
– Ho hlaka: Lipakane tse hlalositsoeng hantle.
– Phephetso: Lipakane tse thata empa li ka finyelloa.
– Boitlamo: Boitlamo ba mohiruoa ba ho finyella lipakane.
– Maikutlo: Menyetla ea ho fumana maikutlo.
– Mosebetsi o Rarahaneng: Lipakane ha lia lokela ho ba tse rarahaneng haholo.
HR e ka sebelisa khopolo-taba ena ka ho sebelisana le basebetsi ho beha lipakane tse hlakileng le tse phephetsang le ho fana ka maikutlo khafetsa mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea bona. Mokhoa ona o netefatsa hore basebetsi ba susumetsoa ebile ba lumellana le lipakane tsa mokhatlo.
Khopolo-taba ea Tekano
Khopolo-taba ea Tekano ea John Stacy Adams e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho hloka leeme tšusumetsong. Ho ea ka khopolo-taba ena, basebetsi ba hlahloba karolelano ea bona ea tlhahiso-lintho tse kenang (lintho tse kenang joalo ka boiteko, boiphihlelo le thuto, ha li bapisoa le lintho tse tsoang joalo ka moputso, kananelo) 'me ba li bapisa le tse ling. Ho se lekane ho bonoang ho ka lebisa ho se khotsofale le ho nyahama.
HRM e ka sebelisa khopolo-taba ena ka ho netefatsa pepeneneng mekhoeng ea puseletso, ho lemoha boiteko ba basebetsi ka toka, le ho sebetsana le ho se lekane hofe kapa hofe ka katleho. Liphuputso tsa kamehla le mekhoa ea puisano e bulehileng li ka thusa ho lemoha le ho rarolla ho se lekane ho bonahalang.
fihlela qeto e
Likhopolo-taba tsa khothatso li fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le se susumetsang basebetsi, se nolofalletsang litsebi tsa HR ho nts'etsapele maano a reretsoeng ho boloka basebetsi ba susumetsoang le ba hlahisang litholoana. Ka ho utloisisa le ho sebelisa likhopolo-taba tsena, mekhatlo e ka theha tikoloho ea mosebetsi e sa fihlelleng litlhoko tsa motheo tsa basebetsi feela empa hape e khothalletsang kholo, boitlamo le khotsofalo ea mosebetsi. Qetellong, basebetsi ba susumetsoang ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho kenya letsoho ka mokhoa o motle katlehong ea mokhatlo, boqapi le tlholisano tikolohong ea khoebo e fetohang ka potlako.
