Tsamaiso ea Potefolio ea Matsete: Tataiso e Felletseng
Lefatšeng la lichelete le ntseng le fetoha kamehla, tsamaiso ea potefolio ea matsete e eme e le lejoe la motheo bakeng sa ho fihlela katleho ea lichelete le ho sireletsa bokamoso. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na u motseteli ka bomong kapa sebapali sa setheo, ho laola potefolio ea hau ea matsete ka katleho ho bohlokoa. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa tsamaiso ea potefolio ea matsete, se fana ka kutloisiso e akaretsang ea melao-motheo ea eona, maano le lintlha tse qaqileng.
Ho Utloisisa Tsamaiso ea Potefolio ea Matsete
Tlhaloso
Tsamaiso ea potefolio ea matsete ke ts'ebetso ea ho theha le ho okamela pokello ea matsete a tsamaellanang le lipheo tsa lichelete, mamello ea likotsi, le nako e behiloeng. Sena se kenyelletsa ho khetha motsoako o nepahetseng oa matlotlo, joalo ka li-stock, libonto, thekiso ea matlo le likoloi tse ling tsa matsete, ho ntlafatsa phaello ha ho ntse ho laoloa likotsi.
maikemisetso
1. Poloko ea Chelete: Ho sireletsa matsete a pele tahlehelong e kholo.
2. Ho Hlahisa Chelete: Ho hlahisa chelete e tsitsitseng ka phaello, likabelo, kapa chelete ea rente.
3. Kananelo ea Motse-moholo: Ho holisa boleng ba matsete ha nako e ntse e ea.
4. Bokgoni ba Lekgetho: Ho fokotsa boikarabello ba lekgetho ka dikgetho tsa maano a matsete.
Melao-motheo ea Bohlokoa ea Tsamaiso ea Potefolio
fapakaneng
Phapang ke molao-motheo oa ho jala matsete ho pholletsa le lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa matlotlo ho fokotsa kotsi. Pokello e nang le mefuta e fapaneng e sireletsa khahlanong le ho feto-fetoha ha matsete a motho ka mong. Khopolo ena e kenyelelitsoe polelong e reng, "U se ke ua beha mahe a hao 'ohle ka basketeng e le 'ngoe."
Lefa la Thepa
Kabo ea thepa e kenyelletsa ho aba matsete har'a lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa thepa ho latela mamello ea motseteli ea kotsi, lipheo tsa lichelete, le pono ea matsete. Ka tloaelo, sena se kenyelletsa motsoako oa li-equities, chelete e kenang e tsitsitseng, le mekhoa e meng, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tlatsetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ts'ebetsong ea potefolio le boemo ba kotsi.
ipeha kotsing ea Management
Maano a sebetsang a taolo ea likotsi a bohlokoa tsamaisong ea li-portfolio. Sena se kenyelletsa ho utloisisa likotsi tsa 'maraka, likotsi tsa mokitlane, likotsi tsa ho ba le chelete e ngata, le tse ling. Maano a kang ho sireletsa thepa, litaelo tsa ho emisa tahlehelo, le khetho ea thepa ho latela mamello ea likotsi li thusa ho fokotsa likotsi tsena.
Mefuta ea Li-portfolio tsa Matsete
Potefolio ea Kholo e Matla
Mofuta ona oa potefolio o etselitsoe batseteli ba nang le mamello e kholo ea kotsi ba batlang keketseho e kholo ea chelete. E imetsoe haholo ho li-equities, haholo-holo li-stock tsa kholo, 'me e ka kenyelletsa matsete a kotsi e kholo, a meputso e phahameng joalo ka limmaraka tse ntseng li hlaha kapa li-stock tse nyane.
Potefolio ea Chelete e Kenang
Ka lebaka la ho shebana le ho hlahisa chelete e tloaelehileng, potefolio ena e kenyelletsa matsete ho dibonto, di-stock tse lefang dikarolelano le thekiso ea matlo. E loketse batsetedi ba batlang phallo e tsitsitseng ea chelete, ba atisang ho tlohela mosebetsi kapa ba atamelang ho tlohela mosebetsi.
Potefolio e Leka-lekaneng
Potefolio e leka-lekaneng e ikemiseditse ho fana ka motheo o bohareng pakeng tsa kgolo le lekeno, ho kopanya di-stock, dibonto le dihlopha tse ding tsa matlotlo. Mokhoa ona o fana ka kotsi e itekanetseng mme o ikemiseditse ho fumana dipoelo tse utlwahalang, tse loketseng batsetedi ba nang le takatso e itekanetseng ya kotsi.
Portfolio ea Conservative
E etselitsoe batsetedi ba sa rateng likotsi, potefolio e bolokang nako e telele e shebane le poloko ea chelete le puseletso e nyane. E kenyelletsa kabo e phahameng ho li-securities tsa chelete e tsitsitseng le li-equities tse nang le kotsi e tlase, tsa boleng bo holimo.
Tsamaiso e Mafolofolo khahlanong le ea Passive
Tsamaiso e Matla
Tsamaiso e mafolofolo ea potefolio e kenyelletsa ho reka le ho rekisa li-securities khafetsa ho feta 'maraka. Batsamaisi ba mafolofolo ba etsa lipatlisiso tse tebileng 'me ba sebelisa maano a fapaneng ho fihlela phaello e phahameng. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o tla le litefiso tse phahameng le litšenyehelo tsa litšebelisano, hammoho le kotsi ea ho se sebetse hantle.
Tsamaiso e sa Feleng
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsamaiso e sa sebetseng e ikemiseditse ho bapisa tshebetso ya mmaraka ka ho tsetela ho di-index funds kapa di-exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Mokgwa ona o kenyeletsa ho reka le ho rekisa hanyane, e leng se fellang ka ditefiso tse tlase le bokgoni bo betere ba lekgetho. O itshetlehile tumelong ya hore mebaraka e sebetsa hantle le hore ho thata ho etsa mosebetsi o motle ho feta mmaraka ka dinako tsohle.
Maano a Bohlokoa a Tsamaiso ea Potefolio
Kakaretso ea Litsenyehelo tsa Dollar
Karolelano ea litšenyehelo tsa dolara e kenyelletsa ho tsetela chelete e tsitsitseng ka linako tse tloaelehileng, ho sa tsotelehe maemo a 'maraka. Leano lena le fokotsa tšusumetso ea ho feto-fetoha ha 'maraka le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho etsa liqeto tse mpe tsa matsete ho latela nako ea 'maraka.
Ho pheta-pheta
Ho leka-lekanya hape ke mokhoa oa ho hlophisa potefolio ho boloka kabo ea thepa e lakatsehang. Ha nako e ntse e ea, boleng ba thepa bo ka tloha kabong e reriloeng ka lebaka la metsamao ea 'maraka. Ho leka-lekanya hape kamehla ho netefatsa hore potefolio e lula e tsamaellana le mamello le lipheo tsa motseteli tsa likotsi.
Ho tsetela boleng
Ho tsetela boleng ho shebana le ho reka di-securities tse sa boleng bo hodimo tse nang le metheo e matla. Morero ke ho reka di-securities tse tlase le ho rekisa tse hodimo, ho nka monyetla ka ho se sebetse hantle ha mmaraka. Leano lena le hloka tlhahlobo e tebileng le mamello, kaha ho ka nka nako hore mmaraka o lemohe boleng ba nnete ba letsete.
Kholo ea ho tsetela
Matsete a kgolo a shebane le dikhamphani tse bontshang bokgoni ba kgolo bo fetang karolelano. Dikhamphani tsena hangata di tsetela hape meputso ho matlafatsa kgolo e eketsehileng, ho ena le ho lefa dikabelo. Le hoja matsete a kgolo a na le dikotsi tse hodimo, a boetse a fana ka monyetla wa dipoelo tse kgolo.
Chelete ea Chelete
Matsete a chelete a shebane le di-securities tse fanang ka chelete e kenang kamehla, joalo ka li-stock tse lefang likabelo, libonto le thekiso ea matlo. Leano lena le shebane le ho hlahisa phallo ea chelete ha ka nako e ts'oanang le fana ka tekanyo ea poloko ea chelete.
Matsete a Ikarabellang sechabeng (SRI)
SRI e kenyelletsa ho khetha matsete ho latela litekanyetso tsa boitšoaro, tsa kahisano le tsa tikoloho. Leano lena le ikemiseditse ho hlahisa phaello ea lichelete ha ka nako e ts'oanang le kenya letsoho ka tsela e ntle sechabeng. Batseteli ba ka qoba liindasteri tse kang koae, papali ea chelete, kapa mafura a fosili 'me ba khetha lik'hamphani tse nang le puso e matla le mekhoa ea botsitso.
Liphephetso Tsamaisong ea Potefolio ea Matsete
Ho se Tsitse ha Mmaraka
Ho feto-fetoha ha 'maraka ke phephetso e kholo tsamaisong ea potefolio. Ho feto-fetoha ha litheko ho ka baka ho se tsitse le ho khutlisa litlamorao. Ho fapanyetsana, ho beha leihlo khafetsa, le pono ea nako e telele lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho laola ho feto-fetoha ha maemo.
Likhethollo tsa Boitšoaro
Hangata batsetedi ba oela lerabeng la leeme la boits'oaro, joalo ka ho itšepa ho tlōla, ho khesa tahlehelo, le monahano oa mohlape. Leeme lena le ka lebisa ho etseng liqeto tse mpe le ho ama ts'ebetso ea potefolio hampe. Tlhokomeliso le taeo ke tsa bohlokoa ho fokotseng leeme lena.
Likotsi Tsa Moruo le Lipolotiki
Liketsahalo tsa moruo le tsa lipolotiki, tse kang ho putlama ha moruo, tsitsipano ea lipolotiki le liphetoho tsa melao, li ka ama phaello ea matsete. Ho lula u tseba liketsahalo tsa lefats'e le ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea tsona e ka bang teng ho potefolio ho bohlokoa.
Inflation
Ho phahama ha theko ho senya matla a ho reka a chelete ha nako e ntse e ea. Ho bohlokoa ho khetha matsete a fetang ho phahama ha theko, joalo ka li-equities, thekiso ea matlo, kapa li-securities tse sirelelitsoeng ke ho phahama ha theko.
fihlela qeto e
Tsamaiso ea potefolio ea matsete ke ts'ebetso e nang le mahlakore a mangata e hlokang kutloisiso e tebileng ea melao-motheo ea lichelete, matla a 'maraka, le kelello ea batseteli. Ka ho khomarela melao-motheo ea mantlha joalo ka ho fapanyetsana, kabo ea thepa, le tsamaiso ea likotsi, batseteli ba ka haha potefolio e tsitsitseng e tsamaeang le mathata a 'maraka.
Hore na o kgetha mokgwa o mafolofolo kapa o sa sebetseng, ntlha ya bohlokwa e ho hokahanya leano la hao la matsete le dipakane tsa hao tsa ditjhelete, mamello ya dikotsi, le nako e sa lebellwang. Ka ho phethahatsa ka tsela e laolehileng le ho ithuta ka ho tswelang pele, tsamaiso e atlehileng ya dipotefolio tsa matsete e ka bula tsela bakeng sa kgolo ya ditjhelete le tshireletso.
