Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Litekanyetso tse Kopaneng
Pendahuluan
Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla le ho fana ka mehlala ea mathata a amanang le botsitso ba tekano, e leng mohopolo oa bohlokoa k'hemistri. Boemo ba tekano ba tekano (K) ke paramethara e hlalosang boemo ba tekano ba karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale tlas'a maemo a itseng. K e sebelisoa ho utloisisa hore na karabelo e tsoela pele hole hakae pele e fihla tekanong. Ha karabelo e fihla tekanong, sekhahla sa liketso tsa pele le tse ka morao lia lekana, kahoo mahloriso a li-reactant le lihlahisoa a lula a sa fetohe. Sengoloa sena se tla kenyelletsa tlhaloso, foromo le mathata a mohlala a thusang ho tebisa kutloisiso ea hau ea botsitso ba tekano.
Tlhaloso ea Boemo bo sa Feleng ba Tekano
Tekanyo e sa fetoheng ke boleng bo bontshang karolelano ya mahloriso a dihlahiswa ho mahloriso a di-reactant ho equilibrium. Tekanyo e akaretsang ya boleng e sa fetoheng ke e latelang:
\[ K_c = \frac{[\text{Product}]^\text{coefficient}}{[\text{Reagent}]^\text{coefficient}} \]
moo \(K_c\) e leng botsitso ba tekano ka mahloriso (mol/L), ha dihlahiswa le di-reactant e le mahloriso a dintho tse amehang karabelong ka mahloriso.
Foromo e sa Feleng ea Tekano
Bakeng sa likarabo tse akaretsang:
\[ aA + bB \leftrightarrow cC + dD \]
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b} \]
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1:
Likarabelo tse latelang li leka-lekane mochesong o itseng:
\[ 2NO_2 (g) \ ka ho le letshehadi N_2O_4 (g) \]
Hoa tsebahala hore ho equilibrium, mahloriso a \(NO_2\) ke 0,5 M mme mahloriso a \(N_2O_4\) ke 0,2 M. Fumana botsitso ba equilibrium, \(K_c\), bakeng sa karabelo ena.
Puisano:
Ho latela likarabo tse fanoeng:
\[ 2NO_2 (g) \ ka ho le letshehadi N_2O_4 (g) \]
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{[NO_2]^2} \]
Ho kenya boleng bo tsebahalang:
\[ K_c = \frac{0,2}{(0,5)^2} = \frac{0,2}{0,25} = 0,8 \]
Kahoo, botsitso ba tekano ke \(K_c = 0,8\).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2:
Karabelong e latelang:
\[ H_2 (g) + I_2 (g) \motsu o letona o letshehadi 2HI (g) \]
Haeba ho equilibrium, mahloriso a \(H_2\) ke 0,1 M, mahloriso a \(I_2\) ke 0,1 M mme mahloriso a \(HI\) ke 0,4 M, bala constant ya equilibrium, \(K_c\), bakeng sa karabelo ena.
Puisano:
Ho latela likarabo tse fanoeng:
\[ H_2 (g) + I_2 (g) \motsu o letona o letshehadi 2HI (g) \]
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{[HI]^2}{[H_2][I_2]} \]
Ho kenya boleng bo tsebahalang:
\[ K_c = \frac{(0,4)^2}{(0,1)(0,1)} = \frac{0,16}{0,01} = 16 \]
Kahoo, botsitso ba tekano ke \(K_c = 16\).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3:
Karabelo e latelang e leka-lekane mochesong o itseng:
\[ 2SO_2 (g) + O_2 (g) \motsu o letona o leqeleng 2SO_3 (g) \]
Haeba ho equilibrium, mahloriso a \(SO_2\) ke 0,3 M, mahloriso a \(O_2\) ke 0,2 M mme mahloriso a \(SO_3\) ke 0,5 M, bala constant ya equilibrium, \(K_c\), bakeng sa karabelo ena.
Puisano:
Ho latela likarabo tse fanoeng:
\[ 2SO_2 (g) + O_2 (g) \motsu o letona o leqeleng 2SO_3 (g) \]
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{[SO_3]^2}{[SO_2]^2[O_2]} \]
Ho kenya boleng bo tsebahalang:
\[ K_c = \frac{(0,5)^2}{(0,3)^2(0,2)} = \frac{0,25}{0,09 \makgetlo a 0,2} = \frac{0,25}{0,018} = 13.89 \]
Kahoo, botsitso ba tekano ke \(K_c = 13,89\).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4:
Karabelong e latelang:
\[ N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \ ka ho le letshehadi 2NH_3 (g) \]
Haeba, ka lehlakoreng le leng, mahloriso a \(N_2\) e le 0,3 M, mahloriso a \(H_2\) ke 0,4 M mme mahloriso a \(NH_3\) e le 1,2 M, bala botsitso ba equilibrium, \(K_c\), bakeng sa karabelo ena.
Puisano:
Ho latela likarabo tse fanoeng:
\[ N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \ ka ho le letshehadi 2NH_3 (g) \]
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{[NH_3]^2}{[N_2][H_2]^3} \]
Ho kenya boleng bo tsebahalang:
\[ K_c = \frac{(1,2)^2}{(0,3)(0,4)^3} = \frac{1,44}{(0,3)(0,064)} = \frac{1,44}{0,0192} = 75 \]
Kahoo, botsitso ba tekano ke \(K_c = 75\).
Ho koala
Khopolo-taba ea tekano ke khopolo-taba ea bohlokoa k'hemistri e re thusang ho utloisisa hore na liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale li fihlella tekano joang le hore na mahloriso a li-reactant le lihlahisoa a ama boemo ba tekano joang. Ka ho utloisisa mehlala le lipuisano tse kaholimo, ho tšeptjoa hore babali ba tla ba le setšoantšo se hlakileng haholoanyane 'me ba khone ho rarolla mathata mabapi le khopolo-taba ea tekano ka kholiseho e kholoanyane.
Tsebo ea botsitso ba tekano ha e na thuso feela khopolo-taba empa hape le lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang mafapheng a fapaneng a kang indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, meriana le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Ka hona, kutloisiso e ntle ea mohopolo ona ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea ithutang kapa ea sebetsang ka lik'hemik'hale.
