Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Puisano ea Solenoid
Li-solenoid ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa motlakase le tsa motlakase, ho tloha lisebelisoa tsa bongaka ho ea ho mechini ea indasteri. Pele re kena lipotsong le lipuisanong, a re utloisiseng pele hore na solenoid ke eng le hore na e sebetsa joang.
Ho utloisisa Solenoids
Solenoid ke khoele ea terata, hangata e bōpehileng joaloka silindara e telele. Ha motlakase o phalla ka har'a solenoid, o hlahisa matla a makenete ka hare ho eona. Matla ana a makenete a ka sebelisoa bakeng sa merero e fapaneng, joalo ka ho tsamaisa piston ka har'a solenoid ea electromechanical, kapa ho hlahisa matla a makenete a tšoanang lipatlisisong tse itseng le lits'ebetsong tsa botekgeniki.
Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea solenoid ke matla a makenete ao e a hlahisang. Matla a makenete a ka hare ho solenoid e telele, e pakiloeng ka thata a batla a lekana. Tekanyo e hlalosang matla a makenete a B ka hare ho solenoid e ntle ke:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
Moo:
– \( B \) ke matla a makenete,
– \( \mu_0 \) ke ho kenella ha vacuum (\( 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \) T m/A),
– \( n \) ke palo ea liphetho ka bolelele ba yuniti (liphetho/m),
– \( I \) ke motlakase o phallang ka har'a solenoid.
Matla ana a makenete a lekana ka ho toba le phallo ea hona joale le palo ea lipotoloho ka bolelele ba yuniti, 'me a susumetsoa ke litšobotsi tsa sebaka seo solenoid e leng ho sona, tabeng ena moea kapa vacuum.
Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Matla a Magnetic ka Hare ho Solenoid
Potso:
Solenoid e na le diphetoho tse 1000 mme e bolelele ba dimithara tse 0,5. Haeba motlakase o phallang ka hara solenoid e le 2 amperes, bala matla a makenete a ka hare ho solenoid.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, re hloka ho bala palo ea liphetho ka bolelele ba yuniti (n):
\[ n = \frac{N}{L} = \frac{1000}{0,5} = 2000 \, \text{turns/m} \]
Ebe, sebelisa foromo ea matla a khoheli ea solenoid:
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
\[
B = (4\pi \makgetlo a 10^{-7}) \cdot 2000 \cdot 2
= 8\pi \makgetlo a 10^{-4} \, \mongolo{T}
\]
\[
B \hoo e ka bang 2,51 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} \, \mongolo{T}
\]
Kahoo, matla a makenete a ka hare ho solenoid a ka ba \( 2,51 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \) kapa 2,51 mT (milliTesla).
Potso ea 2: Ho Bala Matla a Lorentz Thapong Tšimong ea Magnetic ea Solenoid
Potso:
Ka hare ho solenoid e hlahisang matla a makenete a \( 2,51 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{T} \), ho na le terata e otlolohileng ya dimithara tse 0,2 e jereng motlakase wa di-ampere tse 3 tse otlolohileng ho matla a makenete. Bala matla a Lorentz a sebetsang hodima terata.
Puisano:
Matla a Lorentz a sebetsang terata tšimong ea makenete a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ F = I \cdot L \cdot B \]
Moo:
– \( F \) ke matla a Lorentz,
– \(I \) ke motlakase,
– \( L \) ke bolelele ba terata,
– \( B \) ke matla a makenete.
Re nkela boleng bo fanoeng sebaka:
\[ F = 3 \cdot 0,2 \cdot 2,51 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} \]
\[ F = 1,506 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} \, \mongolo{N} \]
Kahoo, matla a Lorentz a sebetsang terata ke \( 1,506 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{N} \).
Potso ea 3: Matla a makenete a Solenoid
Potso:
Ke matla a makae a makenete a bolokiloeng ka har'a solenoid e bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe e nang le radius ea limithara tse 0,05, e nang le liphetho tse 1000, 'me e jere motlakase oa li-ampere tse 2?
Puisano:
Matla a makenete a solenoid a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot L \cdot I^2 \]
moo \( L \) e leng inductance ea solenoid. Inductance ea solenoid (\( L \)) e ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ L = \mu_0 \cdot \frac{N^2 \cdot A}{l} \]
ka:
– \( N \) ke palo ea lipotoloho,
– \( A \) ke sebaka se nang le karolo e tšekaletseng ea solenoid,
– \( l \) ke bolelele ba solenoid.
Sebaka se tšekaletseng \( A \):
\[ A = \pi r^2 \]
\[ A = \pi (0,05)^2 = 7,85 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} \, \mongolo{m}^2 \]
Ho kenella \(L \):
\[
L = (4\pi \makgetlo a 10^{-7}) \cdot \frac{1000^2 \cdot 7,85 \makgetlo a 10^{-3}}{1}
\]
\[
L \hoo e ka bang 9,87 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} \, \mongolo{H}
\]
Matla a makenete \( U \):
\[
U = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 9,87 \times 10^{-3} \cdot (2)^2
\]
\[
U = 1,97 \makgetlo a 10^{-2} \, \mongolo{J}
\]
Kahoo, matla a makenete a bolokiloeng ka har'a solenoid ke \( 1,97 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{J} \) kapa 19,7 mJ (milliJoules).
