Mohlala oa Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Lipotoloho tsa Motlakase
Lipotoloho tsa motlakase ke taba ea bohlokoa fisiks le boenjiniere ba motlakase. Ho utloisisa hore na lipotoloho li sebetsa joang le mokhoa oa ho bala boleng ho bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea nang le thahasello boenjiniereng ba motlakase kapa ho sebetsa ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Sengoloa sena se tla akaretsa mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a potoloho ea motlakase le litlhaloso tsa ona e le litšupiso bakeng sa baithuti le litsebi tse batlang ho tebisa tsebo ea bona.
Selelekela sa Lipotoloho tsa Motlakase
Ka kakaretso, potoloho ea motlakase e na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa motheo tse kang li-resistor, li-capacitor, li-inductor, le mehloli ea motlakase kapa ea hona joale. Likarolo tsena li hokahane ka litlhophiso tse itseng ho etsa mesebetsi e itseng, joalo ka matšoao a ho sefa kapa motlakase o eketsehang kapa o fokotsehang. Tlhahlobong ea potoloho, melao ea Ohm le ea Kirchhoff hangata e sebelisoa ho bala motlakase le motlakase potolohong.
Mohlala Bothata ba 1: Potoloho e Bonolo ea Letoto
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka potoloho e latellanang e nang le li-resistor tse tharo \( R1 = 2 \Omega \), \( R2 = 3 \Omega \), le \( R3 = 5 \Omega \) tse hokahantsoeng le mohloli oa motlakase \( V = 10 V \). Bala phallo ea motlakase potolohong le motlakase ho pholletsa le resistor ka 'ngoe.
Puisano:
1. Fumana Khanyetso e Felletseng:
Potolohong ea letoto, khanyetso eohle ke kakaretso ea khanyetso eohle ea motho ka mong.
\[
R_{\text{total}} = R1 + R2 + R3 = 2 \Omega + 3 \Omega + 5 \Omega = 10 \Omega
\]
2. Fumana Motlakase o Phallang:
Ho ea ka molao oa Ohm, hona joale e ka baloa ka tsela e latelang:
\[
I = \frac{V}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{10 V}{10 \Omega} = 1 A
\]
3. Fumana Voltage ho Resistor ka 'ngoe:
Motlakase o fetang resistor ka 'ngoe o baloa ka tsela ena:
\[
V_{R1} = I \makgetlo a R1 = 1 A \makgetlo a 2 \Omega = 2 V
\]
\[
V_{R2} = I \makgetlo a R2 = 1 A \makgetlo a 3 \Omega = 3 V
\]
\[
V_{R3} = I \makgetlo a R3 = 1 A \makgetlo a 5 \Omega = 5 V
\]
Kahoo, motlakase o phallang potolohong ke 1 A, 'me motlakase o fetang resistor ka' ngoe ke 2 V, 3 V, le 5 V, ka ho latellana.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Potoloho e Bonolo e Tšoanang
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka potoloho e bapileng e nang le li-resistor tse tharo \( R1 = 6 \Omega \), \( R2 = 3 \Omega \), le \( R3 = 2 \Omega \) tse hokahantsoeng le mohloli oa motlakase \( V = 12 V \). Bala motlakase ka resistor ka 'ngoe.
Puisano:
1. Hona joale ho Resistor ka 'ngoe:
Potolohong e bapileng, motlakase o fetang resistor ka 'ngoe o tšoana 'me o lekana le motlakase oa mohloli. Ka hona, motlakase o fetang resistor ka 'ngoe o baloa ho sebelisoa molao oa Ohm.
\[
I_{R1} = \frac{V}{R1} = \frac{12 V}{6 \Omega} = 2 A
\]
\[
I_{R2} = \frac{V}{R2} = \frac{12 V}{3 \Omega} = 4 A
\]
\[
I_{R3} = \frac{V}{R3} = \frac{12 V}{2 \Omega} = 6 A
\]
Kahoo, motlakase o fetang ka resistor ka 'ngoe ke 2 A, 4 A, le 6 A ka ho latellana.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Motsoako oa Letoto le Lipotoloho tse Tšoanang
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka potoloho e kopaneng e nang le \( R1 = 4 \Omega \), \( R2 = 2 \Omega \), le \( R3 = 3 \Omega \). \( R2 \) le \( R3 \) li hokahane ka ho bapa, ebe li hokahane ka letoto le \( R1 \) le mohloli oa motlakase \( V = 15 V \). Bala hona joale le motlakase ho pholletsa le resistor ka 'ngoe.
Puisano:
1. Fumana khanyetso e lekanang ea \( R2 \) le \( R3 \):
\[
\frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{1}{R2} + \frac{1}{R3} = \frac{1}{2 \Omega} + \frac{1}{3 \Omega} = \frac{3 + 2}{6} = \frac{5}{6 \Omega}
\]
\[
R_{\text{parallel}} = \frac{6}{5} \Omega = 1,2 \Omega
\]
2. Khanyetso e Felletseng:
\[
R_{\text{total}} = R1 + R_{\text{parallel}} = 4 \Omega + 1,2 \Omega = 5,2 \Omega
\]
3. Kakaretso ea Hona Joale:
\[
I_{\text{total}} = \frac{V}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{15 V}{5,2 \Omega} \hoo e ka bang 2,88 A
\]
4. Motlakase ho \( R1 \):
\[
V_{R1} = I_{\text{total}} \times R1 = 2,88 A \times 4 \Omega \hoo e ka bang 11,52 V
\]
5. Motlakase ho \( R2 \) le \( R3 \):
Kaha \( R2 \) le \( R3 \) di bapile, di-voltage di a tshwana:
\[
V_{\text{parallel}} = V – V_{R1} = 15 V – 11,52 V \hoo e ka bang 3,48 V
\]
6. Fumana hona joale ho \( R2 \) le \( R3 \):
\[
I_{R2} = \frac{V_{\text{parallel}}}{R2} = \frac{3,48 V}{2 \Omega} \hoo e ka bang 1,74 A
\]
\[
I_{R3} = \frac{V_{\text{parallel}}}{R3} = \frac{3,48 V}{3 \Omega} \hoo e ka bang 1,16 A
\]
Kahoo, motlakase o phallang potolohong ke hoo e ka bang 2,88 A. Motlakase o fetang \(\R1 \) o ka bang 11,52 V, mme motlakase o fetang \(\R2 \) le \(R3 \) o ka bang 3,48 V. Motlakase o fetang \(\R2 \) ke 1,74 A mme o fetang \(\R3 \) ke 1,16 A.
Qetello
Sengoloa sena se tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a potoloho a bonolo le a kopaneng, hammoho le mehato ea ho a rarolla. Ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa motheo le mokhoa oa ho sebelisa melao ea Ohm le Kirchhoff ho etsa hore ho rarolloe mathata a fapaneng a potoloho ho be bonolo. Ho ikoetlisa ka mehla ka mathata a fapaneng ho ka ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea hau le bokhoni ba ho sekaseka lipotoloho tsa motlakase. Bakeng sa ba batlang kutloisiso e tebileng, ho khothaletsoa ho teba haholoanyane boitsebisong bo mabapi le lipotoloho tsa AC, li-filters le tlhahlobo ea sebaka sa maqhubu.
