Sehlooho: Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Lifapano tsa Monohybrid
Pendahuluan
Liphatsa tsa lefutso ke lekala la baeloji le ithutang kamoo litšobotsi li fetisetsoang kateng ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Khopolo e 'ngoe ea motheo liphatseng tsa lefutso ke sefapano sa monohybrid, e leng sefapano se kenyeletsang para e le 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse fapaneng. Liphatsa tsa monohybrid tse thabisang le tse phephetsang hangata li sebelisoa ho ithuta kamoo li-allele (mefuta-futa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso) li sebelisanang kateng ho fumana litšobotsi tsa sebopuoa. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le puisano ea 'ona mabapi le liphatsa tsa monohybrid.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Ho tšela limela tsa pea
Mohlala o mong o tsebahalang oa motsoako oa monohybrid ke lipatlisiso tsa Gregor Mendel ka limela tsa lierekisi. Tekong e 'ngoe, Mendel o ile a kopanya semela sa lierekisi se nang le lipalesa tse pherese (UU) le semela sa lierekisi se nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu (uu).
Potso: Mefuta le di-genotype tsa bana ba F1 le F2 ke dife?
Puisano:
– Moloko oa F1:
Mendel o ile a kopanya semela se nang le lipalesa tse pherese (UU) le semela se nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu (uu). Ka lebaka la ho kopana hona, bana bohle ba F1 ba tla ba le genotype (Uu) hobane ba fumane allele e le 'ngoe e laolang ho tsoa ho motsoali ea nang le lipalesa tse pherese le allele e le 'ngoe e recessive ho tsoa ho motsoali ea nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu. Hobane allele e pherese (U) e laola, limela tsohle tsa F1 li tla ba le phenotype e pherese. Kahoo, molokong oa F1, limela tsohle li na le phenotype e pherese e nang le genotype ea heterozygous (Uu).
– Moloko oa F2:
Ha dimela tsa F1 (Uu) di kopanngwa, bana ba F2 ba hlahang ba na le karolelano ya phenotypic ya 3:1, ho itshetlehile ka sekwere sa Punnett. Kabo ya genotypic e hlahang ke 1 UU : 2 Uu : 1 uu. Ha ho tluwa tabeng ya phenotypic, tse 3 tsa dimela di tla ba le dipalesa tse pherese mme e le 1 e tla ba le dipalesa tse tshweu.
Ka hona, mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa F2 o na le:
– 25% UU (homozygous e matla)
– 50% Uu (heterozygous)
– 25% uu (homozygous recessive)
Mofuta oa phenotype o na le:
– 75% ea lipalesa tse pherese (UU le Uu)
– 25% lipalesa tse tšoeu (uu)
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Ho tšela liphoofolo
Nahana ka taba ea sefapano ho litoeba. A re re allele bakeng sa boea bo botšo (B) e busa holim'a allele bakeng sa boea bo sootho (b). Haeba toeba ea heterozygous (Bb) e kopantsoe le toeba e nang le homozygous recessive (bb), mofuta oa phenotype le genotype ea bana ba tsona e tla ba eng?
Puisano:
– Toeba ya pele ke heterozygous e nang le genotype (Bb), mme toeba ya bobedi ke recessive homozygous e nang le genotype (bb).
– Ha re sebelisa sekwere sa Punnett, re ka bona metsoako e ka bang teng ea allele ea bana:
| | B | b |
|—|—-|—-|
| b | Bb | bb |
| b | Bb | bb |
– Mefuta e ka bang teng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bana ke:
– 50% Bb (heterozygous)
– 50% bb (homozygous recessive)
– Mabapi le phenotype:
– 50% ea bana ba tla ba le boea bo botšo (Bb)
– 50% e tla ba le boea bo sootho (bb)
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Ho Tsoalisa Liphoofolo Tse Tsoakiloeng ka Tsela e le 'Ngoe ho Batho
Ho batho, a re re allele bakeng sa menoana e tloaelehileng (N) e laola allele bakeng sa polydactyly (menoana e eketsehileng) (n). Haeba motsoali e mong a le heterozygous bakeng sa tšobotsi ena 'me motsoali e mong a le homozygous bakeng sa recessive, karolelano ea phenotype-to-genotype ea bana ke efe?
Puisano:
– Batsoali ba Heterozygous ba na le genotype (Nn), mme batsoali ba recessive homozygous ba na le genotype (nn).
– Re sebelisa lisekoere tsa Punnett, re fumana:
| | Hantle | hantle |
|—|—-|—-|
| n | Nn | nn |
| n | Nn | nn |
– Mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa bana ke:
– 50% Nn (heterozygous)
– 50% nn (homozygous recessive)
– Mofuta wa bana ke:
– 50% menoana e tloaelehileng (Nn)
– 50% polydactyly (nn)
Qetello:
Lifapano tsa monohybrid ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho utloisiseng melao-motheo ea lefa. Re sebelisa melao-motheo ea motheo joalo ka puso le ho putlama, re ka bolela esale pele kabo ea li-phenotype le li-genotype melokong e tlang. Senotlolo sa ho utloisisa lifapano tsa monohybrid ke ho lemoha matšoao a li-allele tse busang le tse putlamang le ho khona ho haha le ho sekaseka lisekoere tsa Punnett. Ho ikoetlisa kamehla ka mehlala e fapaneng ho tla matlafatsa tsebo ea rona ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motheo le ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na litšobotsi li futsitsoe joang.
