Mehlala ea Lipotso le Puisano ea Litekanyo tsa Sekhahla sa Karabelo le Tatellano ea Karabelo
Ho utloisisa le ho ithuta sekhahla sa karabelo le ditaelo tsa karabelo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea thuto ea kinetics ea lik'hemik'hale. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka likhopolo tsa motheo, re hlahise mathata a mehlala, 'me re hlahise puisano ea li-equation tsa sekhahla sa karabelo le litaelo tsa karabelo.
Selelekela sa Sekhahla sa Karabelo le Tatellano ea Karabelo
Sekhahla sa karabelo
Sekgahla sa karabelo ke sekgahla sa phetoho mahlorisong a reactant kapa sehlahisoa ka yuniti ka nako. Lipalong tsa sekhahla, hangata re bona sebopeho se latelang se akaretsang:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = k \cdot [A]^m \cdot [B]^n \]
Di mana:
– \(\text{rate}\) ke sekhahla sa karabelo.
– \(k\) ke sekhahla sa karabelo se sa fetoheng.
– \([A]\) le \([B]\) ke mahloriso a di-reactant A le B.
– \(m\) le \(n\) ke ditaelo tsa karabelo mabapi le A le B.
Tatellano ea Karabelo
Tatellano ea karabelo e hlalosa hore na mahloriso a reactant a na le tšusumetso e kae ho sekhahla sa karabelo. Tatellano eohle ea karabelo ke kakaretso ea litaelo tsa reactant ka 'ngoe.
Mehlala ea Lipotso le Puisano ea Sekhahla sa Karabelo le Tatellano ea Karabelo
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso:
Karabelo pakeng tsa ntho A le ntho B e fanoa ke equation ea lik'hemik'hale:
\[ A + 2B \motsu o letona C \]
Hoa tsebahala hore sekhahla sa karabelo bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
1. Fumana tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le A le B.
2. Fumana tatellano eohle ea karabelo.
Puisano:
1. Ho tsoa ho equation ea sekhahla \( \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \), re ka bona hore:
– Tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le A ke 2 (hobane exponent ea \([A]\) ke 2).
– Tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le B ke 1 (hobane exponent ea \([B]\) ke 1).
2. Tatellano eohle ea karabelo ke kakaretso ea litaelo tsa reactant ka 'ngoe:
– Kakaretso ea odara = Odara A + Odara B = 2 + 1 = 3.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso:
Ho tsoa tekong, data e latelang ea sekhahla sa karabelo e fumanoe:
| [A] (mol/L) | [B] (mol/L) | Sekhahla sa karabelo (mol/L s) |
|———-|———-|—————————–|
| 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
1. Fumana tatellano ea karabelo bakeng sa li-reactants A le B.
2. Bala sekhahla sa karabelo se sa fetoheng (k).
Puisano:
1. Ho fumana tatellano ea karabelo, re hloka ho sheba hore na sekhahla sa karabelo se fetoha joang ha mahloriso a li-reactant a fetoloa:
– Fumana tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le A:
Bapisa liteko tsa 2 le 3:
– \([A]\) e eketseha ho tloha ho 0.1 M ho isa ho 0.2 M (e habeli), ha \([B]\) e ntse e le 0.2 M.
– Sekgahla sa karabelo se eketseha ho tloha ho 0.02 mol/L s ho isa ho 0.08 mol/L s (ka makhetlo a mane).
Tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le A e ka khethoa ke equation:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\right)^m = \frac{0.08}{0.02} \]
\[ 2^m = 4 \]
\[ m = 2 \]
– Fumana tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le B:
Bapisa liteko tsa 1 le 2:
– \([B]\) e eketseha ho tloha ho 0.1 M ho isa ho 0.2 M (e habeli), ha \([A]\) e ntse e le 0.1 M.
– Sekgahla sa karabelo se eketseha ho tloha ho 0.01 mol/L s ho isa ho 0.02 mol/L s (e imenne habeli).
Tatellano ea karabelo mabapi le B e ka khethoa ke equation:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\right)^n = \frac{0.02}{0.01} \]
\[ 2^n = 2 \]
\[n = 1 \]
2. Fumana hore na sekhahla sa karabelo se lula se le teng (k):
Sebelisa data ho tsoa ho e 'ngoe ea liteko (mohlala, teko ea 1):
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot (0.1)^2 \cdot 0.1 \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot 0.001 \]
\[ k = \frac{0.01}{0.001} = 10 \, \text{L}^2/(\text{mol}^2 \cdot \text{s}) \]
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3
Potso:
Karabelo e latela equation e latelang ea sekhahla:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Haeba mahloriso a pele a A le B e le 0.36 M le 0.2 M, ka ho latellana, sekgahla sa karabelo ke sefe ntlheng ena haeba \( k = 5 \, \text{L}^{5/2} / (\text{mol}^{5/2} \cdot \text{s}) \)?
Puisano:
Sebelisa equation ea sekhahla e fanoeng:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Kenya boleng bo fanoeng:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = 5 \cdot (0.36)^{1/2} \cdot (0.2)^2 \]
Bala boleng ba mahloriso:
\[ (0.36)^{1/2} = 0.6 \]
\[ (0.2)^2 = 0.04 \]
Jwale, kenya boleng boo ho equation:
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = 5 \cdot 0.6 \cdot 0.04 \]
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = 5 \cdot 0.024 \]
\[ \sekgahla sa mongolo} = 0.12 \, \sengolo{mol/L\s} \]
Sekhahla sa karabelo boemong bona ke 0.12 mol/L s.
Qetello
Tekanyo ea sekhahla sa karabelo le tatellano ea karabelo ke likhopolo tsa motheo ho kinetics ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka ho utloisisa hore na mahloriso a reactant a ama sekhahla sa karabelo joang, re ka bala sekhahla sa karabelo le ho fumana sekhahla se sa fetoheng. Sengoloa sena se fana ka mehlala ea mathata le litharollo ho thusa ho utloisisa likhopolo tsena. Kutloisiso e ntle ea lihlooho tsena e bohlokoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse sebetsang laboratoring ea k'hemistri le lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri.
Ka ho ikoetlisa khafetsa le tlhahlobo e hlokolosi, re ka utloisisa hamolemo mokhoa oa ho fumana litaelo tsa karabelo le ho sebelisa li-equation tsa sekhahla sa karabelo maemong a fapaneng. Thuto e monate!
