Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Papiso ea Lisele tsa Voltaic le Lisele tsa Electrolytic
Papiso pakeng tsa lisele tsa voltaic le lisele tsa electrolytic ke taba ea bohlokoa k'hemistri, haholo-holo thutong ea electrochemistry. Ka bobeli ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisetsoang ho hlahisa motlakase ho tsoa liketsong tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa ho tsamaisa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale ka ts'ebeliso ea matla a motlakase. Sengoloa sena se tla totobatsa liphapang tsa bohlokoa lipakeng tsa lisele tsa voltaic le lisele tsa electrolytic ka mathata a mohlala le lipuisano. Sepheo ke ho fana ka kutloisiso e tebileng le e tebileng ea mefuta e 'meli ea lisele.
Sele ea Voltaic
Sele ea voltaic, e tsejoang hape e le sele ea galvanic, ke mofuta oa sele ea electrochemical e hlahisang motlakase o tsoang karabelong ea lik'hemik'hale e sa reroang. Seleng ea voltaic, karabelo ea redox e etsahala, moo phokotso le oxidation li etsahalang li-electrode tse fapaneng. Ho utloisisa sena hamolemo, ha re shebeng mohlala oa sele ea voltaic.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1:
Anode ea sele ea voltaic e entsoe ka zinki (Zn) le cathode ea koporo (Cu). A re re ho sheba tafole ea menyetla ea phokotso e tloaelehileng ho bontša hore bokhoni ba phokotso e tloaelehileng (E°) ea Cu²⁺/Cu ke +0,34 V 'me ea Zn²⁺/Zn ke -0,76 V. Bala bokhoni ba sele bo tloaelehileng (sele ea E°) ea sele ena ea voltaic.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, ngola likarabo tsa halofo ea sele bakeng sa oxidation le phokotso.
– Anode (Oxidation): Zn(s) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻
– Cathode (Phokotso): Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(li)
Matla a tloaelehileng a sele (sele ea E°) a baloa ho latela phapang ea matla a phokotso ea cathode le anode.
– E° sele = E° cathode – E° anode
– E° cathode = +0,34 V
– E° anode = -0,76 V
Kahoo bokgoni bo tloaelehileng ba sele ke:
\[ E°_{sel} = 0.34V – (-0.76V) \]
\[ E°_{sele} = 0.34V + 0.76V \]
\[ E°_{sel} = 1.10V \]
Kahoo, bokgoni bo tloaelehileng ba sele bakeng sa sele ena ea voltaic ke 1,10 V.
Sele ea Electrolytic
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisele tsa electrolytic li sebelisa matla a motlakase ho qobella hore ho etsahale likarabelo tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sa reroang. Seleng ea electrolytic, motlakase o tsoang mohloling o kantle o sebelisoa ho khanna karabelo ea redox e neng e ke ke ea iketsahalla ka boeona. A re shebeng mohlala oa sele ea electrolytic ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa eona le melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2:
Mokhoeng oa electrolysis, aluminium e hlahisoa ka aluminium oxide e qhibilihisitsoeng (Al₂O₃). Bala bongata ba motlakase bo hlokahalang ho hlahisa mole e le 'ngoe ea aluminium (Al). Nka hore mole e le 'ngoe ea Al e hloka limole tse tharo tsa lielektrone.
Puisano:
Ho ea ka equation ea electrochemical bakeng sa electrolysis:
\[ Al^{3+}(aq) + 3e⁻ → Al(li) \]
Hoa tsebahala hore bakeng sa mole e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea aluminium, ho hlokahala li-mole tse 3 tsa lielektrone. Ho ea ka molao oa Faraday, bongata ba motlakase (Q) bo hlokahalang bo ka baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona:
\[ Q = n \cdot F \]
Moo:
– n ke palo ea li-mole tsa lielektrone
– F ke ntho e sa fetoheng ya Faraday (dielektrone tse 96500 C/mol)
Ho hlahisa mole e le 'ngoe ea Al:
\[ n = 3 \mongolo{ di-mole tsa dielektrone} \]
Kahoo, bongata ba motlakase (Q):
\[Q = 3 \cdot 96500 \]
\[ Q = 289500 \mongolo{ C} \]
Kahoo, ho hlahisa mole e le 'ngoe ea aluminium, ho hlokahala li-coulombs tse 289500 tsa motlakase.
Papiso ea Lisele tsa Voltaic le Lisele tsa Electrolytic
Tafole e latelang e akaretsa liphapang tse kholo lipakeng tsa lisele tsa voltaic le lisele tsa electrolytic:
| Likarolo | Sele ea Voltaic | Sele ea Electrolytic |
|————————–|————————————|—————————–|
| Mehloli ea Matla | Likarabelo tsa Lik'hemik'hale | Matla a Motlakase |
| Mofuta oa Karabelo | Ho iketsahalla | Ho sa iketsahalleng |
| Anode (-)/Cathode (+) | Anode (-), Cathode (+) | Anode (+), Cathode (-) |
| Morero | Hlahisa motlakase | Ho hlohlelletsa lik'hemik'hale |
| Ditshebediso | Dibetri, disele tsa mafura | Ho betla, ho lahla tshepe, ho hlwekisa |
Mehloli ea Matla:
Lisele tsa voltaic li hlahisa matla a motlakase ho tsoa liketsong tsa lik'hemik'hale tse sa reroang, ha lisele tsa electrolytic li sebelisa matla a motlakase ho tsoa mohloling o kantle ho qobella liketso tse sa reroang ho etsahala.
Mofuta oa Karabelo:
Seleng ea voltaic, karabelo e sa reroang e etsa hore lielektrone li phalle ho tloha anode ho ea cathode ka potoloho e kantle. Seleng ea electrolytic, motlakase o kantle o sebelisoa ho khanna karabelo e neng e ke ke ea iketsahalla ka boeona.
Anode le Cathode:
Seleng ea voltaic, anode ke electrode e mpe 'me cathode ke electrode e ntle. Seleng ea electrolytic, anode ke electrode e ntle 'me cathode ke electrode e mpe. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea liphapang tse kholo tse atisang ho ferekanya baithuti.
Tujuan:
Morero o ka sehloohong oa sele ea voltaic ke ho hlahisa motlakase, ha sele ea electrolytic e sebelisoa ho susumetsa lik'hemik'hale, joalo ka ho hloekisa tšepe kapa electrolysis ea metsi.
Lisebelisoa:
Lisele tsa voltaic li sebelisoa hangata libetering le liseleng tsa mafura, tse hlahisang motlakase bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng. Lisele tsa electrolytic li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri tse kang ho lahla tšepe, ho polata ka motlakase le ho hloekisa tšepe.
Qetello
Lisele tsa voltaic le electrolytic ka bobeli li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa theknolojing ea kajeno. Ho utloisisa hore na mofuta o mong le o mong oa sele o sebetsa joang le hore na ho ka baloa joang liparamente tse fapaneng tse amehang ka mathata a mohlala ke senotlolo sa ho tseba likhopolo tsa electrochemistry. Puisanong e kaholimo, re totobalitse liphapang tsa motheo lipakeng tsa lisele tsa voltaic le electrolytic, ho kenyeletsoa mehloli ea tsona ea matla, mefuta ea karabelo, le mehlala ea ts'ebeliso ea tsona bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Ka kutloisiso e ntle ea mefuta ena e 'meli ea lisele, u tla be u itokiselitse hamolemo ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng a amanang le 'ona litlhahlobong tsa k'hemistri le ho a sebelisa lisebelisoa le mahlale a fapaneng a sejoale-joale.
