Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Puisano ea Mitosis
Mitosis ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa karohano ea lisele linthong tse phelang tsa eukaryotic. Mokhoa ona o lumella lisele ho ikatisa le ho aba lintho tse tšoanang tsa lefutso ho lisele tsa morali oa tsona. Ho ithuta mitosis ho bohlokoa bakeng sa baithuti ba baeloji hobane ho amana haufi-ufi le kholo, nts'etsopele le tokiso ea lisele ka har'a lintho tse phelang. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a amanang le mitosis le litharollo tsa ona ho fana ka kutloisiso e betere ea ts'ebetso ena ea motheo ea sele.
Selelekela ho Mitosis
Pele o kena lipotsong tsa mohlala, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa mekhahlelo ea mitosis. Mitosis e na le mekhahlelo e 'maloa:
1. Prophase: Li-chromosome li qala ho hoama le ho ba le tlhaloso e eketsehileng. Nucleolus ea nyamela, 'me spindle ea mitotic e qala ho thehoa.
2. Prometaphase: Lera la nyutlelie le qala ho senyeha, e leng se lumellang li-microtubules ho sebelisana le li-chromosome.
3. Metaphase: Li-chromosome li mela ka tatellano poleiting ea metaphase bohareng ba sele.
4. Anaphase: Li-chromatid tse ling li huloa lipalong tse fapaneng tsa sele.
5. Telophase: Lera la nyutlelie le qala ho fetoha ho potoloha dihlopha tse pedi tsa di-chromosome.
6. Cytokinesis: Ena ha se karolo ea mitosis ka boeona, empa hangata e etsahala hammoho le telophase, e arola cytoplasm ho etsa lisele tse peli tsa morali.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1:
Hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha mitosis e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa likokoana-hloko tse ngata.
Puisano:
Mitosis e bohlokoa ho likokoana-hloko tse ngata ka mabaka a 'maloa:
– Kgolo: Mitosis e dumella diphedi ho hola. Kamora ho nontshwa, zygote e tlameha ho arohana ka makgetlo a mangata ho etsa sebopeho se feletseng le se rarahaneng sa mmele.
– Tokiso le Tsosoloso: Lisele tsa 'mele lia senyeha letsatsi le letsatsi. Mitosis e lumella lisele tse ncha ho nkela tse senyehileng kapa tse shoeleng sebaka. Mohlala, letlalo le lisele tsa mali li lula li nchafatsoa ka mitosis.
– Ho ikatisa ho sa amaneng le thobalano: Dibopuweng tse itseng, mitosis le yona ke mokgwa wa ho ikatisa. Mohlala, dimeleng, di-mosses, le diphoofolong tse ding, tse kang starfish, mitosis e dumella ho ikatisa ho sa amaneng le thobalano ka ho hlahisa dikopi tsa lefutso tsa motswadi.
Potso ea 2:
Bolela 'me u hlalose tatellano ea mekhahlelo ho mitosis.
Puisano:
Tatellano ea mekhahlelo ho mitosis ke ena:
1. Prophase: Mokhahlelo ona ke qalo ea mitosis. Chromatin e qala ho ikamahanya le li-chromosome, tse bonahalang tlas'a microscope. Li-centrosome lia arohana 'me li fallela lipalo tse fapaneng tsa sele, li etsa likhoele tsa spindle.
2. Prometaphase: Lera la nyutlelie lea senyeha, le lokolla di-chromosome ho kena ka har'a cytoplasm. Di-microtubules tse tswang ho spindle ya mitotic di ka tlama ho di-kinetochores tsa di-chromosome.
3. Metaphase: Li-chromosome li fihlella tekano poleiting ea metaphase, sebaka seo litsi tsa tsona li leng bohareng ba sele.
4. Anaphase: Li-chromatid tse ling tsa chromosome ka 'ngoe li arohane, li huleloa lipalo tse fapaneng ke li-microtubules tsa spindle.
5. Telophase: Sele e se e le haufi le ho fela ha mitosis. Li-chromosome li qala ho bola, 'me lera la nyutlelie lea fetoha ho potoloha chromosome ka 'ngoe lipheletsong tse peli tsa sele.
6. Cytokinesis (e latelang telophase): Karohano ea cytoplasm e lebisang ho thehoeng ha lisele tse peli tse arohaneng tsa morali.
Potso ea 3:
Mitosis le meiosis li fapana joang ho latela liphello le mesebetsi ea tsona linthong tse phelang?
Puisano:
Mitosis le meiosis ke mekhoa e fapaneng ea karohano ea sele e nang le merero e fapaneng:
– Mitosis:
– Sephetho sa ho Qetela: Lisele tse peli tsa morali tse tšoanang le sele ea motsoali, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le palo e lekanang ea li-chromosome le sele ea motsoali (diploid haeba sele ea motsoali e le diploid).
– Mosebetsi: E sebedisetswa kgolo, tokiso, le tsosoloso ya dinama tse phelang tse nang le disele tse ngata, hammoho le ho ikatisa ho sa amaneng le thobalano dipheding tse itseng.
– Meiosis:
– Sephetho sa ho Qetela: Lisele tse 'ne tsa gamete tse sa tšoaneng, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le halofo ea palo ea li-chromosome tsa sele ea motsoali (haploid).
– Mosebetsi: Tlhahiso ea lisele tsa gamete (peō ea botona le mahe) bakeng sa ho ikatisa ka thobalano, e leng se nolofalletsang ho kopana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso le ho fapana ha bana.
Potso ea 4:
U bona sele tlas'a microscope 'me u bona li-chromosome tse kolokileng bohareng ba sele. Sele e boemong bofe nakong ea mitosis?
Puisano:
Sele e bonoang e ho metaphase. Mokhahlelong ona, li-chromosome tsohle li ema poleiting ea metaphase, e leng bohareng ba sele, 'me ena ke letšoao le khethollang la metaphase ho mitosis.
Potso ea 5:
Ho etsahala'ng haeba phoso e hlaha nakong ea mitosis?
Puisano:
Haeba phoso e etsahala nakong ea mitosis, e ka fella ka:
– Liphetoho tsa Liphatsa tsa Lefutso: Liphoso tsa karohano ea li-chromosome li ka fella ka liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse ka amang ts'ebetso ea sele.
– Kankere: Liphoso tse bakang ho ata ha lisele tse sa laoleheng li ka lebisa kankere. Sena se atisa ho etsahala ha ho e-na le tšenyo liphatseng tsa lefutso tse laolang potoloho ea sele.
– Mafu le Mathata: Mathata le mafu a mangata a ka boela a bakoa ke karohano e sa phethahalang ea lisele, ho kenyeletsoa le matšoao a fapaneng a bakoang ke ho ikatisa kapa ho hlakoloa ha li-chromosome.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mitosis ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho baeloji ka lebaka la karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa kholong, tokisong le ho ikatiseng. Ka ho utloisisa lipotso tse kaholimo, karohano ea sele ka mitosis e ka utloisisoa hamolemo. Ho ithuta mekhahlelo le kamoo liphoso nakong ea ts'ebetso li ka bang le liphello tse tebileng ho fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le bohlokoa ba taolo ea sele bophelong. Mitosis, ka bonolo le ho rarahana ha eona, e ntse e le taba e phephetsang le e khahlang bakeng sa baithuti le bafuputsi ba baeloji.
