Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buang ka Masimo a Magnetic a Potolohileng Terata e Otlolohileng
Pengatar
Masimo a makenete esale e le taba e khahlang fisiks, haholo-holo puisanong ea hore na a thehoa joang le hore na a sebelisana joang le motlakase. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea masimo a makenete ke matla a makenete a potolohileng terata e otlolohileng e tsamaisang motlakase. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka mohopolo oa motheo oa matla a makenete a potolohileng terata e otlolohileng 'me re fane ka mehlala e' maloa ea mathata le litharollo ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona.
Khopolo-taba ea Motheo ea Masimo a Magnetic a Potolohileng Lithapo tse Otlolohileng
Pele re teba bothateng ba mohlala, ho bohlokoa ho qala ka ho utloisisa khopolo-taba ea motheo ea masimo a makenete a potolohileng terata e otlolohileng. Ho ea ka molao oa Biot-Savart le molao oa Ampère, matla a makenete a potolohileng terata e otlolohileng a jereng motlakase a ka hlalosoa ke equation:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Hokae,
– \( B \) ke matla a makenete (Tesla),
– \( \mu_0 \) ke ho kenella ha vacuum \( (4\pi \times 10^{-7} T \cdot m/A) \),
– \( I \) ke motlakase o phallang ka hara terata (Ampere), mme
– \(r \) ke sebaka se tlohang terata ho ya moo matla a makenete a lekanngwang teng (dimithara).
Matla ana a makenete a etsa dikotwana tse otlolohileng ho potoloha terata ho ya ka molao wa letsoho le letona. Haeba monwana o motona o bontsha tsela eo motlakase o tsamayang ka yona, menwana e tshwereng terata e bontsha tsela eo matla a makenete a tsamayang ka yona.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1:
Terata e telele e otlolohileng e na le motlakase oa 10 A. Bala boholo ba matla a makenete bo hole ba limithara tse 0,2 ho tloha terata.
Puisano:
Re sebelisa equation bakeng sa matla a makenete a potileng terata e otlolohileng:
\[ B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
\[ Ke = 10 \, A \]
\[r = 0,2 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Kenya boleng bona sebakeng sa equation:
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 10}{2 \pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-6}}{2 \pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B = \frac{4 \makgetlo a 10^{-6}}{0,2} \]
\[ B = 20 \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \]
\[ B = 2 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, T \]
\[ B = 20 \, \mu T \]
Kahoo, boholo ba matla a makenete bo hole ba limithara tse 0,2 ho tloha terata ke 20 μT (microTesla).
Potso ea 2:
Lithapo tse peli tse telele tse otlolohileng li na le motlakase o tšoanang oa 5 A empa li le mahlakoreng a fapaneng, 'me sebaka se pakeng tsa tsona ke 0,1 metres. Bala boholo ba matla a makenete ntlheng e bohareng ba lithapo tse peli.
Puisano:
Ntlha e bohareng ba lithapo tse peli, sebaka ke \(r = 0,05 \, m \) ho tloha terata ka 'ngoe. Re bala matla a makenete ka lebaka la terata e le 'ngoe pele.
Bakeng sa terata ka 'ngoe:
\[ B_1 = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2 \pi r} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
\[ Ke = 5 \, A \]
\[r = 0,05 \, m \]
\[ \mu_0 = 4 \pi \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \, T \cdot m/A \]
Kenya boleng bona sebakeng sa equation:
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{2 \pi \times 0,05} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 5}{\pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = \frac{20 \makgetlo a 10^{-7}}{0,1} \]
\[ B_1 = 200 \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_1 = 2 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, T \]
Kaha lithapo tse peli li tsamaisa maqhubu ka mahlakoreng a fapaneng, matla a makenete aa qhalana sebakeng seo. Matla a makenete kaofela sebakeng seo ke lefela.
Potso ea 3:
Terata e telele e otlolohileng A e na le motlakase oa 12 A 'me e behiloe ka ho lekana le terata e telele e otlolohileng B e nang le motlakase oa 8 A ka lehlakoreng le le leng. Bala matla a makenete kaofela ntlheng ea limithara tse 0,15 ho tloha terata ea A le limithara tse 0,1 ho tloha terata ea B.
Puisano:
Bala matla a makenete a terata ka 'ngoe ntlheng eo.
Bakeng sa terata A:
\[ B_A = \frac{\mu_0 I_A}{2 \pi r_A} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
\[ I_A = 12 \, A \]
\[r_A = 0,15 \, m \]
Phetolo ea boleng:
\[ B_A = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 12}{2 \pi \times 0,15} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,3} \]
\[ B_A = \frac{48 \times 10^{-7}}{0,3} \]
\[ B_A = 160 \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_A = 1,6 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, T \]
Bakeng sa terata B:
\[ B_B = \frac{\mu_0 I_B}{2 \pi r_B} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
\[ I_B = 8 \, A \]
\[r_B = 0,1 \, m \]
Phetolo ea boleng:
\[ B_B = \frac{4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \times 8}{2 \pi \times 0,1} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \pi \times 10^{-7}}{\pi \times 0,2} \]
\[ B_B = \frac{32 \times 10^{-7}}{0,2} \]
\[ B_B = 160 \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \]
\[ B_B = 1,6 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, T \]
Kaha motlakase o lithapong ka bobeli o phalla ka lehlakoreng le le leng, 'me lintlha li libakeng tse fapaneng ho tloha terata ka 'ngoe, matla a makenete a hlahang a tla ba ka lehlakoreng le le leng. Ka hona, matla a makenete kaofela ke kakaretso ea masimo ana a mabeli a makenete.
\[ B_{kakaretso} = B_A + B_B \]
\[ B_{kakaretso} = 1,6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-5} + 1,6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-5} \]
\[ B_{kakaretso} = 3,2 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, T \]
Kahoo, matla ohle a makenete ntlheng eo ke 32 μT (microTesla).
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mohopolo oa matla a makenete a potolohileng terata e otlolohileng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa fisiks hobane e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata tse sebetsang. Ka ho sebelisa mehlala le lipuisano tse kang e kaholimo, re ka matlafatsa mohopolo oa motheo le ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na masimo a makenete a sebetsa joang ho potoloha terata e tsamaisang motlakase. Kamehla hopola, ho ba le botsitso ba tlhahlobo le kutloisiso ea melao ea motheo ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng a fisiks.
