Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buisanang ka Tšimo ea Motlakase ea Tefiso ea Lintlha
Pengatar
Fisiks ke lekala la mahlale le ithutang liketsahalo tsa tlhaho ka botlalo, ho kenyeletsoa le kamoo lintho le matla li sebelisanang kateng. E 'ngoe ea likhopolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa fisiks ke tšimo ea motlakase. Tšimo ea motlakase e hlalosa kamoo matla a motlakase a angoang ke litefiso tsa motlakase tse potolohileng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mohlala oa bothata ba tšimo ea motlakase ea tjhaja ea ntlha le mokhoa oa ho bo rarolla ka botlalo.
Ho Utloisisa Masimo a Motlakase
Tšimo ea motlakase ke sebaka se potolohileng tjhaja ea motlakase moo litjhaja tse ling li nang le matla a motlakase. Khopolo ena e khetholloa ka bongata bo bitsoang matla a tšimo ea motlakase kapa matla a tšimo ea motlakase, a bontšitsoeng ke letšoao \( E \). Matla a tšimo ea motlakase ntlheng e itseng a ka baloa ho sebelisoa equation:
\[ E = \frac{F}{q} \]
Moo:
– \( E \) ke matla a tšimo ea motlakase (N/C),
– \( F \) ke matla a motlakase a sebetsang (N),
– \( q \) ke matla a hlahellang a tjhaja (C).
Ho phaella moo, haeba re tseba boholo ba tjhaja e hlahisang tshimo ya motlakase le sebaka sa yona, re ka sebedisa foromo ena:
\[ E = k \frac{|Q|}{r^2} \]
Moo:
– \( E \) ke matla a tšimo ea motlakase (N/C),
– \( k \) ke constant ya Coulomb \((8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{C}^2)\),
– \( Q \) ke tjhaja ya mohlodi wa tshimo ya motlakase (C),
– \( r \) ke sebaka se tlohang ho tjhaja ho ya moo E e lekanngwang teng (m).
Potso ea Mohlala: Tšimo ea Motlakase ka Lebaka la Tefiso ea Lintlha
Mehlala e meng ea lipotso tseo re tla li tšohla ke ena:
Litefiso tse peli tsa lintlha tsa boholo ba \(2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\) le \(-3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\) li beoa ka thoko ho limithara tse 4. Fumana sebaka sa motlakase ntlheng ea limithara tse 2 ho tloha tjhajeng ea pele le limithara tse 2 ho tloha tjhajeng ea bobeli.
Mehato ea ho Rarolla
Ho rarolla bothata bona ba mohlala, re ka sebelisa mehato e latelang:
Mohato oa 1: Ho taka Sekepe
Setshwantsho se ka re thusa ho utlwisisa maemo a ditefiso le ntlha eo tshimo ya motlakase e balwang ho yona. Ho ya ka bothata bona, re a tseba hore sebaka se pakeng tsa ditefiso tse pedi ke dimithara tse 4, mme ntlha e botswang e bohareng (dimithara tse 2 ho tloha tefisong ka nngwe).
Mohato oa 2: Bala Tšimo ea Motlakase ea Tefiso e 'Ngoe le e 'Ngoe Ntlheng eo
Sebelisa foromo ea tšimo ea motlakase bakeng sa tefiso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ntlha:
\[ E_1 = k \frac{|Q_1|}{r_1^2} \]
\[ E_2 = k \frac{|Q_2|}{r_2^2} \]
Bakeng sa tefiso ea pele (\(Q_1 = 2 \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\)) le sebaka sa limithara tse 2 (\(r_1 = 2 \, m\)):
\[ E_1 = (8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9) \cdot \frac{2 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6}}{(2)^2} \]
\[ E_1 = (8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9) \cdot \frac{2 \makgetlo a 10^{-6}}{4} \]
\[ E_1 = (8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9) \cdot 0.5 \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \]
\[ E_1 = 4.495 \makgetlo a 10^3 \, \mongolo{N/C} \]
Bakeng sa tjhaja ya bobedi (\(Q_2 = -3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\)) le sebaka sa dimithara tse 2 (\(r_2 = 2 \, m\)):
\[ E_2 = (8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9) \cdot \frac{3 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6}}{(2)^2} \]
\[ E_2 = (8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9) \cdot \frac{3 \makgetlo a 10^{-6}}{4} \]
\[ E_2 = (8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9) \cdot 0.75 \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \]
\[ E_2 = 6.7425 \makgetlo a 10^3 \, \mongolo{N/C} \]
Mohato oa 3: Ho Fumana Tsela ea Tšimo ea Motlakase
Tšimo ea motlakase e hlahisoang ke tjhaja e ntle e tla supa hole le tjhaja eo, ha tšimo ea motlakase e hlahisoang ke tjhaja e mpe e tla supa ho tjhaja eo. Kahoo, tataiso ea tšimo ea motlakase ntlheng eo ke e latelang:
– \( E_1 \) e tloha ho \(Q_1\)
– \( E_2 \) ho ya ho \(Q_2\)
Kaha litefiso ka bobeli li le mothating o otlolohileng, re bala tšimo ea motlakase e hlahang ka vekthara ho latela mola o otlolohileng pakeng tsa litefiso tse peli.
Mohato oa 4: Ho Bala Tšimo ea Motlakase e Hlahang
Kaha masimo ka bobeli a motlakase a lebile lehlakoreng le le leng (ho le letona), re ka kopanya boholo ba masimo a motlakase ka ho toba:
\[ E = E_1 + E_2 \]
\[ E = 4.495 \makgetlo a 10^3 + 6.7425 \makgetlo a 10^3 \]
\[ E = 11.2375 \makgetlo a 10^3 \, \mongolo{N/C} \]
\[ E = 1.12375 \makgetlo a 10^4 \, \mongolo{N/C} \]
Qetello
Tšimo ea motlakase e sebakeng se limithara tse 2 ho tloha tjhajeng ea pele le limithara tse 2 ho tloha tjhajeng ea bobeli ke \(1.12375 \times 10^4 \, \text{N/C}\) e leng mothating o otlolohileng. Tšimo ena e supa hole le tjhaje e ntle \(2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\) le ho ea tjhajeng e mpe \(-3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C}\).
Ho koala
Ho utloisisa tšimo ea motlakase ka lebaka la tjhaja ea ntlha ho hloka ho baloa ka hloko ha karolo ka 'ngoe. Re tšepa hore, ka mehlala ena ea mathata le litharollo, u tla fumana kutloisiso e hlakileng ea mokhoa oa ho bala le ho utloisisa masimo a motlakase. Boiteko bona bo tla u thusa ho hlahloba haholoanyane likhopolo tse tsoetseng pele tsa fisiks tse kang matla a motlakase, mosebetsi oa motlakase le matla a motlakase.
Ho tebisa kutlwisiso ea hau ea likhopolo tsena tsa motheo ho tla ba bohlokoa haholo ha u sebetsana le mathata a rarahaneng le lits'ebetso tsa lefats'e la sebele mahlaleng a fapaneng le liketsahalong tsa tlhaho. Re tšepa hore sengoloa sena se thusa 'me se ka sebetsa e le tšupiso bakeng sa thuto e eketsehileng ea fisiks, haholo-holo mabapi le masimo a motlakase.
