Mehlala ea Lipotso le Puisano ea Tekano Litharollong
Pendahuluan
Tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale ke khopolo ea motheo k'hemistring e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa likarabelo tsa lik'hemik'hale. Tekanyo tharollong ke boemo boo likarabelo tse peli kapa ho feta tse hanyetsanang li hlahang ka lebelo le le leng, e le hore mahloriso a li-reactant le lihlahisoa a lule a tsitsitse ha nako e ntse e ea. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea tekano litharollong le ho li tšohla ka botlalo. Re tšepa hore sehlooho sena se tla thusa ho tebisa kutloisiso ea hau ea khopolo-taba ea tekano ea lik'hemik'hale.
Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Tekano ea Lik'hemik'hale
Pele o kena lipotsong le puisanong ea mohlala, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa likhopolo tse ling tsa motheo tsa tekano ea lik'hemik'hale:
1. Tekano e Fetohang: Boemong ba tekano, karabelo ha e eme, empa karabelo e ka pele le karabelo e ka morao di etsahala ka lebelo le le leng.
2. Tekano e sa Feleng (K): E sebelisoa ho bontša hore na karabelo e fihlella tekano hakae. Foromo e akaretsang ea tekano e sa Feleng ke:
\[ K = \frac{{[sehlahisoa]}}{[reactant]} \]
3. Molao oa Ketso ea Boima: Khokahano ea ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe karabelong e hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa exponential ho latela li-coefficients tse ho equation ea lik'hemik'hale.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso:
Equation ea karabelo ea equilibrium e tsejoa ka tsela e latelang:
\[ N_2O_4 (g) \ ka ho le letshehadi 2NO_2 (g) \]
Mochesong o itseng, mahloriso a tekano ya \( N_2O_4 \) ke 0.10 M mme \( NO_2 \) ke 0.20 M. Bala boleng ba tekano ya tekano, \( K_c \), bakeng sa karabelo.
Puisano:
Tekanyo ea kamehla ea equilibrium \( K_c \) ke:
\[ K_c = \frac{{[NO_2]^2}}{[N_2O_4]} \]
Kenya boleng ba mahloriso ho equation:
\[ K_c = \frac{{(0.20)^2}}{0.10} \]
\[ K_c = \frac{{0.04}}{0.10} = 0.40 \]
Kahoo, boleng ba \( K_c \) bakeng sa karabelo ke 0.40.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso:
Ka setshelong se koetsoeng, khase ea \( PCl_5 \) e bola ho ea ho \( PCl_3 \) le \( Cl_2 \) ho latela equation:
\[ PCl_5 (g) \leftrightarrow PCl_3 (g) + Cl_2 (g) \]
Haeba tekanyo e sa fetoheng, \( K_c \), mochesong o itseng e le 0.200 mme tekanyong e sa fetoheng khatello ea \( PCl_5 \) e le 1.00 M, bala maemo a \( PCl_3 \) le \( Cl_2 \) ho tekanyo.
Puisano:
A re re mahloriso a \( PCl_3 \) le \( Cl_2 \) ho equilibrium ke x M. Ho latela equation ya karabelo, mahloriso a \( PCl_5 \) a fokotseha ka x M hape.
Kahoo, equation ea equilibrium e ka ngoloa tjena:
\[ K_c = \frac{{[PCl_3][Cl_2]}}{[PCl_5]} \]
Kenya boleng ba \( K_c \) le mahloriso a \( PCl_5 \):
\[ 0.200 = \frac{{x^2}}{(1.00 – x)} \]
Ho rarolla li-equation tsa quadratic:
\[ 0.200 = \frac{{x^2}}{(1.00 – x)} \]
\[ 0.200 (1.00 – x) = x^2 \]
\[ 0.200 – 0.200x = x^2 \]
\[ x^2 + 0.200x – 0.200 = 0 \]
Tharollo ea equation ena ea quadratic ke x = 0.332 kapa x = -0.532 (tharollo e mpe ha e amane le taba, kaha mahloriso a ke ke a ba mpe).
Ka hona, mahloriso a \( PCl_3 \) le \( Cl_2 \) ho equilibrium ke 0.332 M.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3
Potso:
Tharollong, li-ion tsa hydroxide (\( OH^- \)) li ka arabela le li-ion tsa ammonium (\( NH_4^+ \)) ho etsa metsi (\( H_2O \)) le ammonia (\( NH_3 \)). Tekanyo ea karabelo ke:
\[ NH_4^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq) \leftrightarrow H_2O (l) + NH_3 (aq) \]
Haeba botsitso ba equilibrium (\( K_c \)) bo behiloe ho 1.8 x 10^5 mochesong o itseng, mme mahloriso a pele a \( NH_4^+ \) le \( OH^- \) e le 0.10 M le 0.15 M, ka ho latellana, bala mahloriso a \( NH_3 \) ha tekano e fihlelletswe.
Puisano:
Ngola equation ea tekano:
\[ K_c = \frac{{[NH_3]}}{[NH_4^+][OH^-]} \]
A re re x ke mahloriso a \( NH_3 \) a bopilweng ka ho lekana, ebe mahloriso a \( NH_4^+ \) le \( OH^- \) a fokotseha ka x ka 'ngoe.
\[ K_c = \frac{{x}}{(0.10 – x)(0.15 – x)} \]
Kenya boleng ba \( K_c \):
\[ 1.8 \makgetlo a 10^5 = \frac{{x}}{(0.10 – x)(0.15 – x)} \]
Nka hore x e nyane haholo ha e bapisoa le 0.10 le 0.15 hoo \( 0.10 – x \hoo e ka bang 0.10 \) le \( 0.15 – x \hoo e ka bang 0.15 \):
\[ 1.8 \makgetlo a 10^5 = \frac{{x}}{(0.10)(0.15)} \]
\[ x = 1.8 \makgetlo a 10^5 \makgetlo (0.10) \makgetlo (0.15) \]
\[x = 2.7 \]
Kahoo, mahloriso a \(NH_3 \) ho tekano a hakanngoa ho ba 2.7 M.
Qetello
Ho tsoa puisanong e kaholimo, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore ho utloisisa mohopolo oa tekano ea lik'hemik'hale ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng a amanang le tekano litharollong. Re sebelisa molao oa ketso ea bongata le botsitso ba tekano, re ka bala mahloriso a mefuta e fapaneng karabelong ha tekano e fihlelleha. Sengoloa sena se ama mehlala e 'maloa feela ea motheo. Ha e le hantle, lipalo tsa tekano ea lik'hemik'hale li ka ba thata haholo, li kenyelletsa lintlha tse kang mocheso, khatello le ts'ebetso ea ioni ka har'a tharollo.
