Mehlala ea Lipotso tsa Puisano tsa Magnetism
Matla a makenete ke ketsahalo ea tlhaho ea bohlokoa haholo le e khahlang eo motho a ka ithutang eona fisiks. Ketsahalo ena e amana le matla a hlahang pakeng tsa limakenete le thepa e itseng. Ka kakaretso, matla a makenete a ka hlalosoa ka likhopolo tsa masimo a makenete, mela ea matla a makenete, le likamano pakeng tsa limakenete le limakenete tse nang le thepa ea ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, le diamagnetic. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le lipuisano tsa ona tse amanang le sehlooho sa matla a makenete.
Potso ea 1: Ho Khetholla Lipalo tsa Magnetic
Potso: Makenete ea bare e na le lipalo tse peli, palo e ka leboea le palo e ka boroa. Hlalosa mokhoa oa ho khetholla lipalo tsa makenete ea bare u sebelisa sesupa-tsela.
Puisano:
Ho hlwaya dipalo tsa makenete wa bare, sebedisa sesupa-tsela. Mehato ke ena:
1. Beha sesupa-tsela haufi le pheletso e 'ngoe ea bara ea makenete.
2. Sheba nale ea sesupa-tsela e bontšang leboea le boroa.
3. Palo ea makenete e hohelang pheletso e ka leboea ea nale ea sesupa-tsela ke palo e ka boroa ea makenete, hobane palo e ka leboea ea nale ea sesupa-tsela (e leng palo e ka boroa ea makenete ea sesupa-tsela) e hoheloa ke palo e ka boroa ea makenete.
4. Ka tsela e tšoanang, suthisetsa sesupa-tsela pheletsong e 'ngoe ea makenete ea bare 'me u phete seo u se boneng. Qetello ea makenete e hohelang palo e ka boroa ea nale ea sesupa-tsela ke palo e ka leboea ea makenete, hobane palo e ka leboea ea nale ea sesupa-tsela e hoheloa ke palo e ka boroa ea makenete.
Potso ea 2: Tšimo ea makenete e potolohileng terata e otlolohileng e jarang motlakase
Potso: Terata e telele e otlolohileng e na le motlakase oa 5 A. Fumana tataiso ea matla a makenete a potolohileng terata ntlheng ea 10 cm ho tloha terata.
Puisano:
Matla a makenete a potileng terata e otlolohileng a jarang motlakase a ka fumanoa ho sebelisoa molao oa letsoho le letona. Mokhoa oa ho etsa sena ke ona:
1. Tšoara terata ka letsoho la hao le letona, monwana o motona o bontsha tsela eo phallo ya motlakase e tsamayang ka yona (ho tloha ho e ntle ho ya ho e mpe).
2. Tsela eo li-spoke tse phuthetsoeng ka eona ho potoloha terata e bontša tsela eo matla a makenete a tsamaeang ka eona.
Mohlala, haeba motlakase o lebisitsoe hodimo (ho ya ka monwana o motona), jwale ntlheng ya 10 cm ho tloha terata, matla a makenete a tla potoloha ka lehlakoreng la motsamao wa monwana o letona:
– Haeba ntlha e le ka pela terata, matla a makenete a supa ka hare (ho ya leqepheng la pampiri/sekirini).
– Haeba ntlha e le ka mora terata, matla a makenete a supa ka ntle (ho tloha pampiring/sekirining).
Potso ea 3: Matla a Lorentz holim'a Likaroloana tse Jarang Motlakase
Potso: Phatsa e tjhajilwe (+1.6 × 10^-19 C) e tsamayang ka lebelo la 2 × 10^6 m/s e kena tshimong ya makenete ya 0.01 T e lebisitsweng kantle ho leqephe. Fumana boholo le tataiso ya matla a Lorentz a fumanwang ke phatsa.
Puisano:
Matla a Lorentz holim'a karoloana e tjhajisitsoeng tšimong ea makenete a ka hlalosoa ka equation \( \vec{F} = q \vec{v} \times \vec{B} \).
– Tefiso ea likaroloana, \(q\) = +1.6 × 10^-19 C
– Lebelo la dikarolwana, \( \vec{v} \) = 2 × 10^6 m/s (ho nahanoa hore le lebile ho x-axis)
– Tšimo ea makenete, \( \vec{B} \) = 0.01 T (ka ntle ho leqephe, ho ea ho z-axis)
Bakeng sa tataiso ea matla:
1. Sebelisa molao oa letsoho le letona hape ho tšela vector ea lebelo (\( \vec{v} \)) le matla a makenete (\( \vec{B} \)).
2. Menoana ea letsoho le letona e latela tsela ea lebelo (x-axis), e mena menoana ho ea ka ntle ho pampiri (ho latela matla a makenete a z-axis), ebe monoana o moholo o fana ka tsela ea matla a Lorentz (y-axis).
Boholo ba matla a Lorentz \( F \) bo ka balwa ka tsela ena:
\[ F = q \cdot v \cdot B \cdot \sin \theta \]
Kaha \( \theta \) = 90° (lebelo le otlolohileng ho ea ho matla a makenete),
\[ F = (1.6 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} C) \cdot (2 \makgetlo a 10^6 m/s) \cdot (0.01 T) \sin (90°) \]
\[ F = 3.2 \makgetlo a 10^{-21} N \]
Tsela eo matla a tswelang ka yona e ya ka monwana o menwang ka yona (ka letsohong le letona = mothapo o motle wa y).
Potso ea 4: Tšimo ea makenete bohareng ba Solenoid
Potso: Hoa tsebahala hore solenoid e telele e na le diphetoho tse 500 ka bolelele ba 0.5 m e jereng motlakase wa 2 A. Bala boholo ba matla a makenete bohareng ba solenoid.
Puisano:
Matla a makenete a ka hare ho solenoid e telele a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ B = \mu_0 n I \]
Moo:
– \( B \): boholo ba matla a makenete ka hare ho solenoid (Tesla)
– \( \mu_0 \): coefficient ya ho kenella ha vacuum (\(4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \: T \cdot m/A\))
– \( n \): palo ea liphetho ka bolelele ba yuniti (liphetho/mithara), e entsoe joalo ka \( n = \frac{N}{L} \)
– \( I \): bongata ba motlakase o phallang ka har'a solenoid (Amperes)
Kahoo,
– \( N = 500 \)
– \( L = 0.5 m \)
– \( n = \frac{500}{0.5} = 1000 \: diphetoho/m \)
– \( Ke = 2 A \)
Kahoo,
\[ B = \mu_0 \cdot n \cdot I \]
\[ B = (4 \pi \makgetlo a 10^{-7} T \cdot m/A) \cdot (1000 \: diphetoho/m) \cdot 2 A \]
\[ B = 8 \pi \makgetlo a 10^{-4} T \]
\[ B \hoo e ka bang 2.51 \makgetlo a 10^{-3} T \]
Potso ea 5: Ho Hlahisa Motlakase oa Elektromakenete
Potso: Khoele e na le diphetoho tse 200 mme e bewa tshimong ya makenete e fetohang ho tloha ho 0.1 T ho ya ho 0.5 T ka metsotsoana e 0.25. Bala motlakase o hlahisitsweng khoeleng.
Puisano:
Ho kenngoa ha motlakase ho ka baloa ho sebelisoa Molao oa Faraday:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -N \frac{\Delta \Phi_B}{\Delta t} \]
Hokae,
– \( \mathcal{E} \): motlakase o susumetsoang (Li-volts)
– \( N \): palo ea ho reteleha
– \( \Delta \Phi_B \): phetoho ea phallo ea makenete (Wb)
– \( \Delta t \): phetoho ea nako (linako)
Ka \(\Delta \Phi_B = B \cdot A \); moo A e leng sebaka sa khoele. Leha ho le jwalo, haeba sebaka seo se sa fetohe
\[ \mathcal{E} = -N \cdot \frac{\Delta B \cdot A}{\Delta t} \]
Kaha \(\Delta B = 0.5 T – 0.1 T = 0.4 T \),
Maka
\[ \mathcal{E} = -200 \cdot \frac{0.4 T \cdot A}{0.25 s} \]
\[ \ lipalo{E} = -320 \cdot A \]
Haeba ho se na sebaka se itseng se fanoeng (se nkiloeng se tšoana),
Boleng ba induction bo dula bo itshetlehile ka mola ho A.
Re tšepa hore mehlala ena ea mathata a makenete e tla u thusa ho utloisisa likhopolo le ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea makenete. Maikutlo le melao-motheo ena li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang maemong a fapaneng a thuto le lipatlisisong tse tebileng haholoanyane.
