Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Mefuta ea Li-Chromosome
Li-chromosome ke meaho e teteaneng e fumanoang ka har'a khubu ea lisele tsa eukaryotic, tse bolokang le ho hlophisa DNA ea lintho tsa lefutso. Li-chromosome li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa karohanong ea sele le phetiso ea litšobotsi ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mefuta ea li-chromosome, hammoho le mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata le lipuisano ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea sehlooho sena.
Mefuta ea Li-chromosome
1. Li-chromosome Li-Autosome le Li-Genosome
– Li-Autosome: Tsena ke li-chromosome tse sa ameheng ho khethoeng ha bong. Batho ba na le lipara tse 22 tsa li-autosome.
– Li-chromosome tsa Genosome (Li-chromosome tsa Bong): Li-chromosome tse khethollang bong ba motho. Ho batho, li-chromosome tsena li entsoe ka para e le 'ngoe, e leng XX bakeng sa basali le XY bakeng sa banna.
2. Li-chromosome tse tšoanang
– Li-chromosome tse tšoanang ke lipara tsa li-chromosome tse sete e tšoanang ea li-chromosome, tse nang le tatellano e tšoanang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso 'me li fumaneha ka ho tšoana, empa li ka ba le mefuta e fapaneng ea allelic. Ho batho, ho na le lipara tse 23 tsa li-chromosome tse tšoanang.
3. Li-chromosome tse Thehiloeng Boemong ba Centromere
– Metacentric: Li-chromosome tse nang le centromere bohareng, hoo matsoho a chromosome a lekanang ka bolelele.
– Submetacentric: Li-chromosome tse nang le centromere hanyane ka holimo kapa ka tlase ho bohareng, e leng se fellang ka matsoho a fapaneng hanyane ka bolelele.
– Acrocentric: Li-chromosome tse nang le centromere e haufi le pheletso e 'ngoe, hoo letsoho le leng la chromosome le leng le lekhutšoanyane haholo.
– Telocentric: Li-chromosome tse nang le li-centromere lipheletsong, hoo hoo e ka bang li-chromosome tsohle li nang le letsoho le le leng.
Puisano ea Lipotso tsa Mehlala
Mona ke mehlala e meng ea lipotso tse amanang le mefuta ea li-chromosome, tse felletseng ka lipuisano.
Potso ea 1
Potso: Bolela le ho hlalosa phapang pakeng tsa li-autosome le li-genosome 'me u fane ka mehlala ho batho.
Puisano:
Li-autosome ke li-chromosome tse sa bapaleng karolo ho khetholleng bong. Ho batho, ho na le lipara tse 22 tsa li-autosome. Mehlala ke chromosome 1, chromosome 2, le chromosome 22.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, di-genosome, kapa di-chromosome tsa bong, ke di-chromosome tse kgethang bong ba motho. Batho ba na le mefuta e mmedi ya di-genosome: chromosome ya X le chromosome ya Y. Haeba di-genosome tse pedi e le XX, motho ka mong ke mosadi, athe haeba di-para e le XY, motho ka mong ke monna.
Potso ea 2
Potso: Hlalosa phapang pakeng tsa li-chromosome tse fapaneng le tse sa tloaelehang, tse felletseng ka setšoantšo se bonolo sa morero.
Puisano:
Li-chromosome tse metacentric li na le centromere e bohareng, e leng se fellang ka matsoho a mabeli a li-chromosome a bolelele bo lekanang. Mohlala o ka bontšoa ka tsela e latelang:
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Metacentric: (O—O)
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Li-chromosome tse bohareng ba chromosome li na le centromere ea tsona haufi le pheletso e 'ngoe, e leng se etsang hore letsoho le leng la chromosome le be lelelele ho feta le leng. Setšoantšo se bonolo ke:
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Acrocentric: (O—)
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Potso ea 3
Potso: Karolo ea li-chromosome tse tšoanang ke efe ts'ebetsong ea meiosis?
Puisano:
Ho meiosis, dipara tsa di-chromosome tse tshwanang di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa karohanong ya dijini. Nakong ya meiosis I, di-chromosome tse tshwanang di fallela diseleng tse fapaneng tsa moradi, e le hore sele e nngwe le e nngwe ya moradi e fumane chromosome e le nngwe ho tswa ho para e nngwe le e nngwe. Tshebetso ena e bohlokwa bakeng sa ho boloka palo e tsitsitseng ya di-chromosome dipheding tsa diploid mme e dumella ho kopana ha dijini ka ho tshela, e leng se fellang ka phapang ya dijini.
Potso ea 4
Potso: Litlamorao tsa ho se kopane ha li-chromosome tsa thobalano nakong ea meiosis ke life? Fana ka mohlala o le mong.
Puisano:
Ho se kopane ha di-chromosome tsa bong nakong ya meiosis ho ka fella ka phetoho palong ya di-chromosome ho di-gametes tse hlahang, e leng se fellang ka aneuploidy ho bana. Mohlala o mong wa boemo bo bakwang ke ho se kopane ha di-chromosome tsa bong ke Turner syndrome, moo basadi ba nang le chromosome e le nngwe feela ya X (45, X). Batho ba nang le Turner syndrome ba ka ba le mathata a kgolo le ntshetsopele le ho hloka thari.
Potso ea 5
Potso: Ke hobane'ng ha ho le bohlokoa ho ithuta sebopeho sa chromosome moelelong oa mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso?
Puisano:
Ho utloisisa sebopeho sa chromosome ho bohlokoa maemong a mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso hobane mathata a mangata a liphatsa tsa lefutso a amahanngoa le liphetoho kapa liphetoho sebopehong kapa palong ea li-chromosome. Mohlala, Down syndrome, e bakoang ke trisomy ea chromosome 21, kapa mofetše o itseng o bakoang ke ho fetisetsoa ha chromosome. Ka ho ithuta sebopeho sa chromosome, bafuputsi le lingaka ba ka fumana maemo a itseng a liphatsa tsa lefutso, ba fana ka likeletso tsa lefutso, 'me ba nts'etsapele maano a kalafo le thibelo.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mefuta ea li-chromosome, mesebetsi ea tsona le meaho ea tsona ke motheo oa bohlokoa baelojing ea sejoale-joale, haholo-holo thutong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le kalafong ea mafu. Li-chromosome li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng kabo ea lintho tsa lefutso ho tloha sele ho ea ho sele le ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Ka thuto e tebileng le kutloisiso ea li-chromosome, re ka utloisisa hamolemo lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng tsa baeloji le tšusumetso ea tsona bophelong ba batho. Lipotso tse kaholimo li fana ka temohisiso ea motheo e ka sebelisoang ho teba haholoanyane likarolong tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso le ts'ebeliso ea tsona e sebetsang.
Sengoloa sena se lebelletsoe ho thusa ho matlafatsa mehopolo ea motheo e amanang le li-chromosome e le hore babali ba ka utloisisa sebopeho le mosebetsi oa tsona hamolemo hammoho le litlamorao tsa tsona baelojing le bongaka.
