Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buisanang ka Matla a Electromotive a Susumelitsoeng (EMF)
Matla a motlakase a susumetsoang (EMF) ke mohopolo oa motheo ho electromagnetism 'me hangata ke sehlooho sa bohlokoa lithutong tsa fisiks, sekolong se phahameng le kolecheng. Ho utloisisa emf e susumetsoang ho bohlokoa ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea eona e pharaletseng theknolojing ea sejoale-joale, joalo ka lijenereithara tsa motlakase, li-transformer le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa elektroniki. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le litharollo tsa ona mabapi le emf e susumetsoang ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea mohopolo ona.
Selelekela ho EMF e Hlahisitsoeng
Pele re teba bothateng ba mohlala, ha re qaleng ka ho utloisisa mohopolo oa motheo oa emf e susumelitsoeng. Emf e susumelitsoeng ke matla a motlakase a hlahisoang ke ho fetola phallo ea makenete potolohong. Ketsahalo ena e ile ea sibolloa ka lekhetlo la pele ke Michael Faraday, ka hona lebitso la Molao oa Faraday. Ho ea ka lipalo, Molao oa Faraday o boleloa e le:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
Di mana:
– \(\mathcal{E}\) ke EMF e hlahisitsoeng (Volts)
– \(\Phi\) ke phallo ea makenete (Weber)
– \(d\Phi\) ke phetoho ya phallo ya makenete
– \(dt\) ke phetoho ea nako
Letšoao le fosahetseng ho equation le hlalosoa ke Molao oa Lenz, o bolelang hore tataiso ea EMF e hlahisitsoeng e lula e le joalo hoo e hanyetsang phetoho ea phallo ea makenete e e bakang.
Kamora ho utloisisa metheo ea khopolo-taba ena, ha re kene lipotsong tsa mohlala le lipuisanong tsa tsona.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso:
Khoele e na le diphetoho tse 200 mme e bewa tshimong ya makenete e tshwanang ka boholo ba matla a makenete a \( B = 0,5 \) Tesla. Haeba sebaka sa karolo e tsheletseng ya khoele e le 0,1 m², bala EMF e hlahisitsweng haeba matla a makenete a khoeleng a fetotswe ho tloha ho 0,5 T ho ya ho 0 ka metsotsoana e 0,02.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, re bala phetoho ea flux ea makenete (\( \Delta \Phi \)):
\[
\Delta \Phi = N \cdot \Delta (B \cdot A)
\]
Di mana:
– \( N = 200 \) (palo ea ho reteleha)
– \( B \) diphetoho ho tloha ho 0,5 T ho ya ho 0 T (kahoo \( \Delta B = 0 – 0,5 = -0,5 \) T)
– \( A = 0,1 \) m²
E le hore:
\[
\Delta \Phi = 200 \cdot (-0,5 \cdot 0,1) = 200 \cdot (-0,05) = -10 \text{ Weber}
\]
Ka mor'a moo, re bala EMF e hlahisitsoeng (\( \mathcal{E} \)):
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t}
\]
Moo \( \Delta t = 0,02 \) metsotsoana, kahoo:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -\frac{-10}{0,02} = 500 \mongolo{ Volts}
\]
Kahoo, EMF e hlahisitsoeng ke 500 Volts.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso:
Lesale la tšepe le bophara ba 10 cm le beoa tšimong ea makenete e fetohang ka lebelo la \(0,1 \) Tesla ka motsotsoana. Bala emf e hlahisitsoeng ka har'a lesale.
Puisano:
Ho bala EMF e hlahisitsoeng, re sebelisa Molao oa Faraday 'me re qala ka ho bala phallo ea makenete:
\[
\Delta \Phi = \Delta B \cdot A
\]
Moo sebaka sa karolo e tsheletseng sa lesale (\( A \)) e leng:
\[
A = \pi r^2 = \pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)^2 = \pi \left(\frac{0,1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{\pi}{400} \text{m}^2
\]
Ka sekhahla sa phetoho ea matla a makenete \(\Delta B = 0,1\) T/s:
\[
\mathcal{E} = -N \frac{d \Phi}{dt} = -N \cdot \frac{\Delta B \cdot A}{\Delta t}
\]
Kaha phetoho ho \( \Delta t \) e tsitsitse ka sekhahla, \( N =1\) mme o nke sebaka sa boleng:
\[
\mathcal{E} = – 1 \cdot \left( 0,1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{400} \right) = – \frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt}
\]
Kahoo, EMF e hlahisitsoeng ka hara lesale ke \(\frac{\pi}{4000} \text{ Volt} \approx 0,000785 \text{ Volt}\).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3
Potso:
Mokhanni o otlolohileng o bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe o tsamaea ka ho otloloha ka lebelo la 5 m/s tšimong e ts'oanang ea makenete ea 0,2 T. EMF e bakoa ke eng ho mokhanni?
Puisano:
Ho fumana EMF e susumelitsoeng ka har'a mokhanni ea tsamaeang, re sebelisa foromo:
\[
\mathcal{E} = B \cdot l \cdot v
\]
Di mana:
– \( B = 0,2 \) T
– \( l = 1 \) m
– \( v = 5 \) m/s
Kenya boleng bona sebakeng sa foromo:
\[
\mathcal{E} = 0,2 \makgetlo a 1 \makgetlo a 5 = 1 \mongolo{Volt}
\]
Kahoo, EMF e hlahisitsoeng ka har'a mokhanni ke 1 Volt.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa matla a motlakase a susumetsoang (EMF) le Molao oa Faraday ho bohlokoa fisiks, haholo-holo moelelong oa li-electromagnetic. Mehlala e kaholimo e bontša lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa mohopolo ona, ho kenyeletsoa le ho fetola masimo a makenete, li-conductor tse tsamaeang, le lits'ebetso tse ling. Ho tseba mekhoa ea lipalo bakeng sa litlhophiso tse fapaneng tsa potoloho le maemo a matla a makenete ho tla tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea mohopolo ona 'me ho o etse hore o sebetse mahlaleng a fapaneng a sejoale-joale.
