Mohlala oa potso ea puisano mabapi le boholo ba EMF e bakoang ke
Pendahuluan
Matla a electromotive a susumetsoang (EMF) ke ketsahalo ea 'mele e ileng ea sibolloa ke Michael Faraday ka 1831. Faraday o ile a fumana hore matla a makenete a fetohang ka har'a selika-likoe kapa khoele ea conductor a ka baka motlakase. Ketsahalo ena e bitsoa induction ea electromagnetic 'me ke motheo oa mahlale a mangata a sejoale-joale, joalo ka lijenereithara, li-transformer le li-engine tsa motlakase. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le ho buisana ka boholo ba EMF e susumetsoang, e tla ba molemo haholo-holo bakeng sa baithuti ba ithutang fisiks ea motlakase le makenete.
Khopolo ea Motheo ea EMF e Susumelitsoeng
Pele re teba bothateng ba mohlala, ke mohopolo o motle ho hlahloba mohopolo oa motheo oa emf e susumelitsoeng. Molao oa Faraday o bolela hore emf e susumelitsoeng ka hara loop e tsamaisang e lekana ka ho toba le sekhahla sa phetoho ea phallo ea makenete ka har'a loop. Ho ea ka lipalo, molao oa Faraday o ka etsoa ka tsela e latelang:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{d\Phi}{dt} \]
Moo:
– \( \mathcal{E} \) ke EMF e hlahisitsoeng (volts)
– \( \Phi \) ke phallo ea makenete (Weber, Wb)
– \(t \) ke nako (ea bobeli, s)
Letšoao le fosahetseng ka har'a equation le bonts'a Molao oa Lenz o bolelang hore tataiso ea motlakase o hlahisitsoeng e tla hlahisa matla a makenete a hanyetsang phetoho ea phallo ea makenete e e bakileng.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1: Khoele e le 'Ngoe
Potso: Khoele e le 'ngoe e nang le sebaka sa bokaholimo ba 0.02 m² e beoa tšimong e tšoanang ea makenete ea boholo ba 0.5 T, e otlolohile holim'a bokaholimo ba khoele. Tšimo ea makenete e fetoha lefela ka tšohanyetso ka metsotsoana e 0.1. Bala boholo ba EMF e hlahisitsoeng e hlahang khoeleng.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Sebaka sa bokaholimo ba khoele \( A = 0.02 \, \text{m}^2 \)
– Boholo ba matla a makenete \( B = 0.5 \, \text{T} \)
– Nako ea phetoho ea tšimo \( \Delta t = 0.1 \, \text{s} \)
Phetoho ea phallo ea makenete:
\[ \Delta \Phi = B \makgetlo a A \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.5 \, \text{T} \times 0.02 \, \text{m}^2 \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.01 \, \mongolo{Wb} \]
Boholo ba EMF e bakoang ke:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{\Delta \Phi}{\Delta t} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{0.01 \, \text{Wb}}{0.1 \, \text{s}} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = -0.1 \, \mongolo{V} \]
Hobane se botsoang ke boholo ba EMF (ntle le ho ela hloko letšoao):
\[ |\ lipalo{E}| = 0.1 \, \mongolo{V} \]
Potso ea 2: Khoele e nang le Li-N Turns
Potso: Khoele e na le diphetho tse 100 mme sebaka sa yona sa bokahodimo ke 0.03 m². Khoele ena e sebakeng se le seng sa makenete sa 0.4 T se otlolohileng ho khoele. Haeba matla a makenete a eketseha ho fihla ho 1.2 T ka metsotsoana e 0.4, bala karolelano ya emf e hlahisitsweng khoeleng.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Palo ea liphetho \( N = 100 \)
– Sebaka sa bokaholimo ba khoele \( A = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \)
– Phetoho ya matla a makenete \( \Delta B = 1.2 \, \text{T} – 0.4 \, \text{T} \)
– Nako ea phetoho ea tšimo \( \Delta t = 0.4 \, \text{s} \)
Phetoho ea phallo ea makenete ka ho potoloha:
\[ \Delta \Phi = A \times \Delta B \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \times (1.2 \, \text{T} – 0.4 \, \text{T}) \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.03 \, \text{m}^2 \times 0.8 \, \text{T} \]
\[ \Delta \Phi = 0.024 \, \mongolo{Wb} \]
Phetoho e felletseng ea phallo bakeng sa likhutlo tsa N:
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = N \times \Delta \Phi \]
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = 100 \makgetlo 0.024 \, \text{Wb} \]
\[ \Delta \Phi_{\text{total}} = 2.4 \, \text{Wb} \]
Boholo ba EMF e bakoang ke:
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{\Delta \Phi_{\text{total}}}{\Delta t} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = – \frac{2.4 \, \text{Wb}}{0.4 \, \text{s}} \]
\[ \mathcal{E} = -6 \, \mongolo{V} \]
Hobane se botsoang ke boholo ba EMF (ntle le ho ela hloko letšoao):
\[ |\ lipalo{E}| = 6 \, \mongolo{V} \]
Potso ea 3: Ho Tsamaea ha Khoele Tšimong ea Magnetic
Potso: Khoele e khutlonnetsepa e nang le diphetho tse 50, bolelele ba 4 cm, le bophara ba 2 cm, e bewa tshimong e tshwanang ya makenete ya 0.3 T e bapileng le bolelele ba khoele. Haeba khoele e tloha tshimong ya makenete ka lebelo le sa fetoheng la 5 cm/s, EMF e hlahisitsweng ke eng khoeleng?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Palo ea liphetho \( N = 50 \)
– Bolelele \( l = 0.04 \, \text{m} \)
– Bophara \( w = 0.02 \, \text{m} \)
– Boholo ba matla a makenete \( B = 0.3 \, \text{T} \)
– Lebelo la ho tsoa tšimong ea makenete \( v = 0.05 \, \text{m/s} \)
Matla a motlakase a koili e tsamayang tshimong ya makenete a fanwa ke:
\[ \mathcal{E} = B lv \]
Kaha coil e na le mahlakore a N, EMF e hlahisitsoeng ke:
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = NB lv \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = 50 \times 0.3 \, \text{T} \times 0.04 \, \text{m} \times 0.05 \, \text{m/s} \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{total}} = 50 \makgetlo 0.0006 \, \text{V} \]
\[ \mathcal{E}_{\text{kakaretso}} = 0.03 \, \mongolo{V} \]
Qetello
Puisano ea mathata a mohlala a kaholimo e bontša kamoo emf e susumetsoang e ka baloang ho latela liphetoho tsa phallo ea makenete kapa ho tloha motsamaong oa koili tšimong ea makenete. Khopolo ena ke ea bohlokoa ho electromagnetism 'me e na le lits'ebetso tse ngata theknolojing. Ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala emf e susumetsoang ka nepo ka mathata a sebetsang ho tla thusa haholo baithuti ho tseba thepa ena le ho e sebelisa masimong a fapaneng.
