Lipotso tsa Mohlala oa Phello ea Doppler: Ho Utloisisa Pherekano ka ho Setšoantšo le Tšebeliso
Phello ea Doppler ke ketsahalo eo re e bonang hoo e ka bang letsatsi le leng le le leng, leha re ka 'na ra se ke ra e hlokomela kamehla. Ke phetoho ea maqhubu kapa bolelele ba leqhubu le bonoang ke moshebelli a tsamaeang ha a bapisoa le mohloli oa leqhubu. Phello ea Doppler e reheletsoe ka setsebi sa fisiks sa Austria Christian Doppler, ea ileng a qala ho hlahisa khopolo ena ka 1842.
Ketsahalo ena e ka bonoa maqhubung a molumo le a khanya. Mohlala o mong o tloaelehileng, o kopanang letsatsi le letsatsi, ke phetoho molumong oa ambulense kapa siren ea koloi ea mapolesa ha e ntse e atamela kapa e tloha ho rona. Ka ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea motheo ea phello ea Doppler, re ke ke ra rarolla mathata a fapaneng a fisiks feela empa hape re utloisisa lits'ebetso tsa eona tse sebetsang lefatšeng la 'nete.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Phello ea Doppler
Pele re buisana ka bothata ba mohlala, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea motheo ea phello ea Doppler. Ha mohloli oa leqhubu o leba ho moshebelli, leqhubu lea hatelloa, le eketsa maqhubu a lona (phetoho e putsoa). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha mohloli o tloha ho moshebelli, leqhubu lea otlolloa, le fokotsa maqhubu a lona (phetoho e khubelu).
Tekanyo ea motheo e hlalosang phello ea Doppler ke:
\[ f' = f \left( \frac{v + v_o}{v + v_s} \right) \]
Di mana:
– \( f' \) ke makhetlo a amoheloang ke moshebelli,
– \( f \) ke maqhubu a pele a mohloli,
– \( v \) ke lebelo la maqhubu a bohareng,
– \( v_o \) ke lebelo la moshebelli ha le bapisoa le seaplane (le letle haeba le lebile mohloling),
– \( v_s \) ke lebelo la mohloli ha le bapisoa le mokgahlelo (le letle haeba le suthela hole le moshebelli).
Ka ho utloisisa equation ena, re ka hlahloba maemo a fapaneng re sebelisa mathata a mohlala.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Ambulense e Buisana le Mohlokomeli
Ambulense e ntsha siren ka maqhubu a 1000 Hz. Haeba ambulense e lebile ho motho ya tsamayang ka maoto ka lebelo la 30 m/s mme lebelo la modumo moyeng e le 340 m/s, motho ya tsamayang ka maoto o utlwa maqhubu afe?
Tharollo:
Tabeng ena, mohlokomedi (motho ya tsamayang ka maoto) o phomotse mme mohlodi (ambulense) o lebile ho mohlokomedi, kahoo lebelo la motho ya tsamayang ka maoto ke \( v_o = 0 \) (hobane o phomotse) mme lebelo la mohlodi ke \( v_s = -30 \, \text{m/s} \) (hobane o lebile ho yona).
Ho sebelisa equation ea phello ea Doppler:
\[ f' = f \left( \frac{v + v_o}{v + v_s} \right) = 1000 \left( \frac{340 + 0}{340 – 30} \right) \]
\[ f' = 1000 \left( \frac{340}{310} \right) \]
\[ f' \hoo e ka bang 1097 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a utluoang ke motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto ke hoo e ka bang 1097 Hz.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Mohlokomeli ea tlohang Mohloling
A re re mokhanni oa koloi o utloa lenaka la koloi e 'ngoe e mo atamela. Lekhetlo la lenaka ke 500 Hz. Haeba mokhanni a tloha koloing e 'ngoe ka lebelo la 20 m/s 'me koloi e ntse e atamela ho eena ka lebelo la 15 m/s, bala lekhetlo leo mokhanni a le utloang. Lebelo la molumo moeeng ke 340 m/s.
Tharollo:
Tekanyong ena, moshebelli o tloha mohloling, kahoo \( v_o = -20 \, \text{m/s} \) mme mohloli o ya ho moshebelli, kahoo \( v_s = -15 \, \text{m/s} \).
\[ f' = f \left( \frac{v + v_o}{v + v_s} \right) = 500 \left( \frac{340 – 20}{340 – 15} \right) \]
\[ f' = 500 \left( \frac{320}{325} \right) \]
\[ f' \hoo e ka bang 492.31 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Maqhubu a utluwang ke mokhanni ke a ka bang 492.31 Hz.
Litšebeliso tsa Doppler Effect
Tšusumetso ea Doppler ha e sebetse feela maqhubung a molumo empa e sebetsa le khanyeng, e nang le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa bolepi ba linaleli. Mohlala, bo-rasaense ba ka fumana hore na naleli kapa sehlopha sa linaleli se tloha kapa se lebile Lefatšeng ka ho shebella redshift kapa blueshift ka har'a mabone a sona.
Tšusumetso ea Doppler e boetse e sebelisoa li-radar tsa lebelo tse sebelisoang ke mapolesa ho tšoara ba potlakisang koloi tseleng e kholo. Lisebelisoa tsena li ntša maqhubu a seea-le-moea ho ea likoloing tse tsamaeang ebe li hapa maqhubu a bonahalitsoeng ho bala liphetoho tsa maqhubu le ho fumana lebelo la koloi.
Bongaka, phello ea Doppler e sebelisoa theknolojing ea ultrasound ea Doppler, e sebelisoang ho lekanya phallo ea mali methapong ea mali. Ka ho lekanya liphetoho tsa maqhubu a ultrasound tse bakoang ke phallo ea mali, lingaka li ka hlahloba bophelo bo botle ba methapo ea mali le pelo ea mokuli.
Qetello
Tšusumetso ea Doppler ke khopolo ea fisiks e fanang ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le kamoo motsamao o amanang pakeng tsa mohloli le moshebelli o amang maqhubu a amohetsoeng. Ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea phello ena ha ho re thuse feela ho rarolla mathata a fisiks empa hape ho re bula mahlo lits'ebetsong tse ngata tse sebetsang masimong a fapaneng ho tloha bolepi ba linaleli ho ea bongaka. Bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, phello ea Doppler e re lumella ho ananela le ho utloisisa hamolemo ketsahalo e bonahalang e le bonolo e nang le litlamorao tse tebileng saenseng le theknolojing.
