Sehlooho: Tharollo ea Hypotonic ke eng?
Lefapheng la k'hemistri le baeloji, lentsoe "tharollo ea hypotonic" le nka bohlokoa bo boholo, haholo-holo ha ho buuoa ka fisioloji ea sele le lits'ebetso tsa osmotic. Ho utloisisa hore na tharollo ea hypotonic ke eng le hore na e sebelisana joang le lisele ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa likhopolo le liketsahalo tsa motheo tsa baeloji. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa litharollo tsa hypotonic, litšobotsi tsa tsona, hore na li bapisoa joang le litharollo tsa isotonic le hypertonic, le bohlokoa ba tsona ba baeloji.
Ho Hlalosa Litharollo tsa Hypotonic
Tharollo ea hypotonic ke e 'ngoe moo mahloriso a li-solute (limolek'hule tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a solvent, hangata metsi) ka ntle ho sele a leng tlase ho feta mahloriso a ka hare ho sele. Ha e le hantle, ho bolela hore tikoloho ea kantle e na le likaroloana tse fokolang tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka bongata ba solvent ha e bapisoa le kahare ho sele. Phapang ena mahlorisong a solvent e baka gradient ea osmotic, e lebisang ho sisinyeheng ha metsi ka har'a sele.
Motsamao oa metsi holim'a lera le kenellang hanyane, joalo ka lera la sele, o tsamaisoa ke osmosis. Osmosis ke mofuta oa lipalangoang tse sa sebetseng tseo limolek'hule tsa metsi li tsamaeang ho tloha sebakeng se nang le mahloriso a tlaase a qhibilihang (tharollo ea hypotonic) ho ea sebakeng se nang le mahloriso a phahameng a qhibilihang (tharollo ea hypertonic) ho theha tekano. Moelelong oa tharollo ea hypotonic, phallo ea metsi e lebisitsoe liseleng, e leng se bakang litlamorao tse fapaneng tsa 'mele.
Papiso le Litharollo tsa Isotonic le Hypertonic
Ho utloisisa ka botlalo litharollo tsa hypotonic, ho molemo ho li bapisa le litharollo tsa isotonic le hypertonic:
1. Litharollo tsa Isotonic: Tharollo ea isotonic e na le mahloriso a lekanang a solute le a ka hare ho sele. Tlas'a maemo a isotonic, ha ho na motsamao o hloekileng oa metsi ho kena kapa ho tsoa ka seleng, kaha mahloriso a solute a lekana 'me likhatello tsa osmotic mahlakoreng ka bobeli a lera la sele li leka-lekane.
2. Tharollo ea Hypertonic: Tharollo ea hypertonic e na le khaello e phahameng ea li-solute ka ntle ho sele ho feta kahare. Sena se baka gradient ea osmotic e etsang hore metsi a tsoe ka ntle ho sele, e leng se lebisang ho honyeleng kapa ho cheseng ha sele ha e lahleheloa ke metsi.
Litlamorao tsa Litharollo tsa Hypotonic Liseleng
Ha lisele li beoa tikolohong e sa laoleheng, ho na le liphello tse 'maloa tse ka bang teng, ho latela mofuta oa sele:
1. Lisele tsa Liphoofolo: Ka lebaka la ho phalla ha metsi, lisele tsa liphoofolo tse ka har'a tharollo ea hypotonic lia ruruha 'me qetellong li ka phatloha, e leng ts'ebetso e tsejoang e le lysis. Sena se etsahala hobane lisele tsa liphoofolo ha li na mabota a tiileng a lisele, e leng se etsang hore li be kotsing ea liphetoho tsa khatello ea osmotic.
2. Lisele tsa Limela: Lisele tsa limela li arabela ka tsela e fapaneng litharollong tsa hypotonic ka lebaka la boteng ba lebota la sele le tiileng. Ha metsi a kena ka seleng ea semela, sele ea ruruha, empa lebota la sele le fana ka tšehetso ea sebopeho e thibelang lysis. Ho e-na le hoo, lisele li fetoha tse teteaneng, e leng se loketseng ho boloka sebopeho sa semela le ho nolofatsa kholo.
3. Baprotiste le Baktheria: Diphedi tse phelang ka sele e le nngwe tse kang baprotiste hangata di na le mekgwa e ikgethang, jwalo ka di-vacuole tse thibang, ho ntsha metsi a mangata le ho thibela ho qhibidiha ha disele. Diphediste di ka ikamahanya le maemo a hypotonic ka ho fetola matla a lebota la sele ya tsona kapa ho sebedisa mekgwa ya osmoregulatory.
Bohlokoa ba Baeloji ba Litharollo tsa Hypotonic
Litharollo tsa Hypotonic li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong le lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa baeloji:
1. Ho Fetisa Metsi le Homeostasis: Bakeng sa diphedi tse ngata, ho boloka botsitso ba osmotic ho bohlokwa bakeng sa homeostasis. Ditharollo tsa Hypotonic di thusa disele ho monya metsi le ho boloka metsi a lekaneng. Mohlala, disele tsa batho di itshetlehile ka maro a mmele a isotonic, empa diphetoho tse nyane mabapi le hypotonicity di ka tshehetsa mesebetsi ya disele le ho fediswa ha metsi.
2. Litšebeliso tsa Bongaka le tsa Bongaka: Litharollo tsa Hypotonic li sebelisoa kalafong ea methapo (IV) ho phekola ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng le maemo ao lisele li hlokang ho nosetsoa metsi hape. Litharollo tsa Hypotonic IV tse kang saline ea 0.45% li thusa ho fana ka mokelikeli ntle le ho kenya litharollo tse feteletseng.
3. Fisioloji ea Limela: Maemo a hypotonic a bohlokoa bakeng sa lisele tsa limela ho boloka khatello ea turgor, e leng matla a dikahare tsa sele khahlanong le lebota la sele. Khatello ena e boloka limela li eme hantle 'me e tšehetsa kholo le ho tsamaisoa ha limatlafatsi.
4. Ho Ikamahanya le Likokoana-hloko: Likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo tse libakeng tse feto-fetohang, li tlameha ho sebetsana le liphetoho khatellong ea osmotic. Ho utloisisa hore na lisele tsa baktheria li arabela joang khatellong ea hypotonic ho ka tsebisa masimo a kang polokelo ea lijo le microbiology.
Taolo ea Osmotic le Phetoho
Lintho tse phelang li thehile maano a fapaneng a ho sebetsana le khatello ea osmotic e bakoang ke tikoloho e sa laoleheng. Mekhoa e meng ea bohlokoa ea ho ikamahanya le maemo e kenyelletsa:
1. Osmoregulation: Disele di sebedisa mekgwa ya osmoregulatory ho laola tikoloho ya tsona ya ka hare le ho laola kgatello ya osmotic. Sena se kenyeletsa ho bokellana kapa ho lokollwa ha di-solute tse kang di-ion, di-amino acid, le di-osmolyte tse ding ho leka-lekanya maemo a ka hare le a kantle a osmotic.
2. Liprotheine tsa ho Tsamaisa Lera: Lisele li sebelisa liprotheine tsa ho tsamaisa tse kenelletseng lera la tsona ho lumella metsoako e qhibilihang ho kena kapa ho tsoa, e leng se thusang ho boloka botsitso ba osmotic. Ka mohlala, li-aquaporin li thusa ho tsamaisa metsi ho pholletsa le lera la sele.
3. Ho Ikamahanya le Boitšoaro: Likokoana-hloko tse ling tsa sele e le 'ngoe li bontša mekhoa ea ho fokotsa khatello ea osmotic. Mohlala, litsebi tse ling tsa protist li ntša metsi ka mafolofolo li sebelisa li-vacuole tsa contractile ha li pepesehetse litharollo tsa hypotonic.
fihlela qeto e
Litharollo tsa Hypotonic li emela mohopolo oa motheo oa ho utloisisa hore na lisele li sebelisana joang le tikoloho ea tsona, li laola motsamao oa metsi, le ho boloka homeostasis. Ka ho theha gradient ea osmotic, litharollo tsa hypotonic li khanna metsi ka har'a lisele, li ama sebopeho sa tsona, bophahamo le ts'ebetso ka kakaretso. Litšebelisano tsena li bohlokoa maemong a fapaneng a baeloji, ho tloha tlhokomelong ea turgor ea limela ho ea kalafong ea bongaka le ho ikamahanya le likokoana-hloko.
Ho utloisisa matla a ditharollo tsa hypotonic le ditlamorao tsa tsona mefuteng e fapaneng ya disele ho bohlokwa bakeng sa kutlwisiso e felletseng ya ditshebetso tsa baeloji le ditshebediso tsa tsona tse sebetsang merianeng, temong le ho feta. Ebang ke ho netefatsa metsi a nepahetseng dinthong tse phelang kapa ho hlahloba ho tiya ha dikokwana-hloko, ditharollo tsa hypotonic di fana ka temohisiso e kgahlehang mabapi le tekatekano e bonolo ya bophelo boemong ba disele.
