Kamoo Lihormone li Amang Khōlo le Ntšetso-pele Kateng
Lihormone li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong e rarahaneng le e hlophisitsoeng hantle ea kholo le nts'etsopele. Baromuoa bana ba biochemical ba ntšoa ke litšoelesa tse fapaneng tsamaisong ea endocrine 'me ba tsamaea maling ho ea shebana le litho le lisele, moo ba hlahisang likarabo tse itseng tsa 'mele. Ho utloisisa kamoo lihormone li laolang kholo le nts'etsopele kateng ho ka fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba motho, maloetse le baeloji ea nts'etsopele.
Sistimi ea Endocrine: Kakaretso
Sistimi ea endocrine ke marang-rang a litšoelesa tse hlahisang le ho lokolla lihormone. Litšoelesa tsa bohlokoa tse amehang khōlong le nts'etsopele li kenyelletsa hypothalamus, tšoelesa ea pituitary, tšoelesa ea thyroid, litšoelesa tsa adrenal, manyeme le li-gonad (mae a bomme le mae a bomme). E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea litšoelesa tsena e hlahisa lihormone tse itseng tse susumetsang lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa baeloji.
Hypothalamus le Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus, e leng sebaka se senyenyane botlaaseng ba boko, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng homeostasis le ho laola mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele. E kopanya le ho ntša li-neurohormone tse laolang tšoelesa ea pituitary, eo hangata e bitsoang "tšoelesa e kholo" ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea eona e kholo holim'a litšoelesa tse ling tsa endocrine.
Tshoelesa ea pituitary e hlahisa hormone ea kholo (GH), e tsejoang hape e le somatotropin, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le nts'etsopele e tloaelehileng. GH e hlasimolla kholo ea masapo le lisele 'me e bapala karolo ea metabolism. E susumetsa sebete ho hlahisa insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), e tšehetsang kholo le nts'etsopele haholoanyane.
Thyroid Gland
Tšoelesa ea thyroid, e fumanehang molaleng, e hlahisa lihormone tsa thyroid (thyroxine kapa T4 le triiodothyronine kapa T3) tse laolang metabolism, tlhahiso ea matla le kholo. Lihormone tsa thyroid li bohlokoa haholo nakong ea bongoana le bongoaneng bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea boko le kholo ea masapo. Khaello ea lihormone tsena e ka lebisa mathateng a nts'etsopele a kang cretinism kapa hypothyroidism, e khetholloang ke kholo e sa tsitsang le bokooa ba kelello.
Li-Glands tsa Adrenal
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal, tse holim'a liphio, li hlahisa li-corticosteroids le li-catecholamine. Cortisol, e leng corticosteroid, e thusa ho laola metabolism, karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le khatello ea maikutlo. Nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo, maemo a cortisol aa phahama, e leng se ka amang kholo ka ho susumetsa metabolism ea glucose le ho thibela ho thehoa ha masapo.
manyeme
Makhopho a hlahisa insulin, e leng hormone e laolang maemo a tsoekere maling ka ho thusa ho monya tsoekere liseleng. Insulin e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matla le metabolism ka kakaretso. Maemo a sa tloaelehang a insulin, joalo ka ha a bonoa ho lefu la tsoekere, a ka ama kholo 'me a lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle.
Gonads
Li-gonad (mae a bomme ho basali le li-teste ho banna) li hlahisa lihormone tsa thobalano (estrogen, progesterone, le testosterone) tse bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea thobalano le bophelo bo botle ba ho ikatisa. Nakong ea bocha, tlhahiso e eketsehileng ea lihormone tsena e baka nts'etsopele ea litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano 'me e susumetsa kholo e potlakileng.
Taolo ea Kholo le Nts'etsopele ea Lihormone
Nts'etsopele ea Pelehi
Leeto la kgolo le ntshetsopele le qala ka popelong. Dihormone tse hlahiswang ke placenta, tse kang human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), progesterone, le estrogen, di tshehetsa boimana le ntshetsopele ya lesea le sa tswalang. Dihormone tsa thyroid, tse fanwang ke mme, di bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ntshetsopeleng ya boko ba lesea le sa tswalang. Maemo a sa lekaneng a dihormone tsa thyroid nakong ya boimana a ka lebisa ho hypothyroidism ya tswalo, e leng se amang kgolo ya methapo le ya mmele ya lesea.
Khōlo ea Bongoana
Nakong ea bongoana, tšebelisano e lumellanang ea lihormone e netefatsa kholo le nts'etsopele e tloaelehileng. Hormone ea kholo (GH) le insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) li bohlokoa ho ntšetseng pele kholo e otlolohileng le ho hola ha masapo. Lihormone tsa qoqotho li ntlafatsa litlamorao tsa GH 'me li bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.
Bongoaneng, phepo e nepahetseng le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso li ama haholo ts'ebetso le kholo ea lihormone. Phepo e mpe e ka lebisa khaello ea limatlafatsi tsa bohlokoa, ea ama tlhahiso le ts'ebetso ea lihormone, qetellong ea sitisa kholo.
Botsofali
Botsofali bo tšoaea mohato oa bohlokoa oa kholo le nts'etsopele, o khetholloang ke ts'ebetso ea motsoako oa hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG). Hypothalamus e ntša hormone e lokollang gonadotropin (GnRH), e hlasimollang tšoelesa ea pituitary ho hlahisa hormone ea luteinizing (LH) le hormone e susumetsang follicle (FSH). Lihormone tsena li sebetsa ho li-gonad, e leng se lebisang tlhahisong e eketsehileng ea lihormone tsa thobalano.
Ho bashanyana, testosterone e khothalletsa nts'etsopele ea litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano tse kang ho eketseha ha mesifa, moriri oa sefahleho le lentsoe le tebileng. E boetse e baka kholo e tloaelehileng ea bocha. Ho banana, estrogen e hlophisa nts'etsopele ea matsoele, ho atoloha ha letheka le ho qala ho ilela khoeli. Estrogen e boetse e susumetsa ho koaloa ha poleiti ea kholo masapong, e leng se khethollang bolelele ba ho qetela ba motho e moholo.
Botsofali le Botsofali
Leha boholo ba motho ka kakaretso e le nako ea botsitso mabapi le kholo, lihormone li tsoela pele ho susumetsa bophelo bo botle le boiketlo ka kakaretso. Maemo a lihormone tsa kholo a fokotseha ha motho a ntse a tsofala, e leng se tlatsetsang ho fokotseng mesifa le ho teteana ha masapo. Ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone kapa ho haella ha tsona ha motho a le moholo ho ka lebisa maemong a kang osteoporosis, a khetholloang ke masapo a fokolang le kotsi e eketsehileng ea ho robeha.
Mathata a Li-hormone le Tšusumetso ea 'Ona Kholong
Mathata a lihormone a ka ama kholo le nts'etsopele ka botebo mohatong ofe kapa ofe oa bophelo. Maemo a kang gigantism le acromegaly a bakoa ke tlhahiso e feteletseng ea GH, e leng se lebisang kholong e sa tloaelehang ea masapo le lisele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, khaello ea GH e ka baka dwarfism, e khetholloang ke bolelele bo bokhutšoanyane le nts'etsopele e liehang.
Mathata a qoqotho, ho kenyeletsoa hyperthyroidism le hypothyroidism, a ka sitisa lits'ebetso tsa metabolic le ho ama kholo. Hyperthyroidism e potlakisa metabolism, e leng se ka lebisang ho theoheng ha boima ba 'mele le ho fokotseha ha masapo. Hypothyroidism e liehisa metabolism, e bakang ho eketseha ha boima ba 'mele, mokhathala le kholo e sitisang.
Lefu la tsoekere, le khetholloang ke khaello ea insulin kapa ho hanyetsa, le ka sitisa kholo le nts'etsopele e nepahetseng. Lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 1, leo hangata le fumanoang bongoaneng, le hloka taolo e hlokolosi ea maemo a tsoekere maling ho thibela tieho ea kholo le mathata.
Mekhoa ea ho kenella ha lihormone
Mekhoa ea phekolo ea lihormone e ka ba ea bohlokoa ho laoleng mathata a amanang le kholo. Ho fana ka lihormone tsa kholo tsa maiketsetso ho ka thusa bana ba nang le khaello ea GH ho fihlela kholo e tloaelehileng. Kalafo ea ho nkela lihormone tsa qoqotho sebaka e ka lokisa hypothyroidism le ho tšehetsa nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle. Kalafo ea insulin e bohlokoa ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ho laola tsoekere maling le ho khothaletsa kholo e tloaelehileng.
Ho phaella moo, meriana e thibelang ho kena bohlankaneng, e leng meriana e thibelang ditlamorao tsa dihormone tsa thobalano, e sebediswa maemong a ho kena bohlankaneng pele ho nako ho diehisa kgolo ya thobalano le ho dumella kgolo e tlwaelehileng ya bolelele.
fihlela qeto e
Lihormone ke tsona tse etsang hore ho be le kholo le nts'etsopele, tse hlophisang 'mino oa lits'ebetso tsa baeloji tse bopang 'mele le likelello tsa rona. Ho tloha kholong ea pelehi ho ea kholong ea bongoana, bocha, le ho feta moo, taolo ea lihormone e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle le ho netefatsa kholo e tloaelehileng. Ho utloisisa mekhoa e rarahaneng eo lihormone li susumetsang kholo le nts'etsopele ka eona ho ka fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le ho sebetsana le mathata a lihormone le ho khothaletsa boiketlo ka kakaretso. Ha lipatlisiso tsa endocrinology li ntse li tsoela pele, re ka lebella tsebo e tebileng le ho feta le mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng haholoanyane ea ho tšehetsa kholo le nts'etsopele e phetseng hantle ho pholletsa le bophelo ba motho.
