Papiso Pakeng tsa Lisele tsa Liphoofolo le tsa Limela
Lisele ke motheo oa bophelo, ebang ke phoofolo kapa semela. Leha li arolelana lits'ebetso tsa motheo tse kang ho ikatisa, phetoho ea matla le lintho tse amanang le liphatsa tsa lefutso, lisele tsa liphoofolo le limela li bontša litšobotsi tse ikhethang. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba ho tšoana hona 'me se totobatsa liphapang tsa bohlokoa mabapi le sebopeho, ts'ebetso le li-organelle.
Kakaretso ea Sebopeho
Lisele tsa liphoofolo le tsa limela ka bobeli ke tsa eukaryotic, ho bolelang hore li na le khubu ea 'nete e koetsoeng ka har'a lera, hammoho le li-organelle tse ling tse rarahaneng. A re qaleng ka ho hlahloba likarolo tsa motheo tsa sele tse tšoanang ho tsona ka bobeli:
– Lera la Plasma: Thibelo e kgethang e laolang motsamao wa dintho tse kenang le tse tswang ka hara sele.
– Cytoplasm: Mokelikeli o kang jeli ka har'a lera la sele o nang le li-organelle.
– Nyutlelie: DNA ea setsi sa taolo.
– Mitochondria: E tsejoa e le matlo a matla a sele, moo ATP e hlahisoang teng.
– Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): E arotsoe ka mahlakore a masesaane (a nang le li-ribosome) le a boreleli (a se nang li-ribosome), e bapala karolo tlhahisong ea protheine le mafura.
– Sesebelisoa sa Golgi: E fetola, e hlophisa, mme e paka diprotheine le mafura bakeng sa ho di boloka kapa ho di tsamaisa ka ntle ho sele.
– Li-Ribosome: Libaka tsa tlhahiso ea protheine.
– Li-Lysosome: Li fumaneha liseleng tsa liphoofolo, li ameha ho sileng lijo le ho ntšeng litšila.
Likarolo tse Ikhethang tsa Lisele tsa Limela
Lisele tsa limela li na le likarolo tse 'maloa tse ikhethang tse li khethollang ho lisele tsa liphoofolo:
– Lebota la Sele: Ka nqane ho lera la plasma le tenyetsehang, disele tsa dimela di na le lebota la sele le tiileng le entsweng haholo-holo ka cellulose, le fanang ka tshehetso le tshireletso ya sebopeho.
– Li-chloroplast: Li-organelle tsena li boloka chlorophyll ea pigment 'me ke libaka tsa photosynthesis, tse nolofalletsang limela ho fetola khanya ea letsatsi hore e be matla.
– Central Vacuole: Mokotlana o moholo, o bohareng o bolokang kgatello ya turgor ya sele (kgatello ya kahare kgahlanong le lebota la sele), o boloka dikotla, dihlahiswa tse lahlilweng, mme o thusa ho boloka sebopeho sa sele.
Likarolo tse Ikhethang tsa Lisele tsa Liphoofolo
Lisele tsa liphoofolo, leha li se na meaho e ikhethang ea lisele tsa limela, li na le likarolo tse ikhethang:
– Li-Centrioles: Li ameha karohanong ea sele, li thusa ho hlophiseng spindle ea mitotic.
– Li-Lysosome: Tsena li ngata haholo 'me li ikhethile ka ho khetheha liseleng tsa liphoofolo, litšila tse senyang le lithōle tsa sele.
Lipatlisiso tsa ho bapisa
Lerako la Cell le Membrane
Ho ba sieo ha lebota la sele liseleng tsa liphoofolo ho li fa ho tenyetseha ho hoholo le mefuta e fapaneng ea sebopeho, e leng se lumellang mesebetsi e khethehileng joalo ka ho sisinyeha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, boteng ba lebota la sele liseleng tsa limela bo fane ka botsitso ba sebopeho le ho tiea, e leng habohlokoa bakeng sa limela tse se nang tsamaiso ea masapo.
Phetoho ea Matla
Mefuta ka bobeli ea lisele e itšetlehile ka mitochondria bakeng sa ho hema ha sele. Leha ho le joalo, lisele tsa limela le tsona li na le li-chloroplast bakeng sa photosynthesis. Bokhoni bona bo habeli bo li lumella ho hlahisa matla a tsona ho tsoa khanyeng ea letsatsi le ho a fetola tsoekere, e leng se sebelisoang ho hema ha sele. Lisele tsa liphoofolo li itšetlehile feela ka ho ja lintho tse phelang (lijo) ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa tsona tsa matla.
Polokelo ea Metsi le Tsamaiso ea Litšila
Vacuole e bohareng liseleng tsa limela e phetha mesebetsi e 'maloa: polokelo ea limatlafatsi le lihlahisoa tsa litšila, tlhokomelo ea khatello e nepahetseng ka har'a sele, le tšehetso ea sebopeho sa sele. Le hoja lisele tsa liphoofolo li na le li-vacuole tse nyane, tsena ha li bapale karolo e hlahelletseng. Ho e-na le hoo, li itšetleha haholo ka li-lysosome bakeng sa taolo ea litšila le ho li sebelisa hape.
Ho hlahisa lisele
Nakong ea karohano ea sele, lisele tsa limela le tsa liphoofolo li bontša mekhoa e fapaneng haholo-holo ka lebaka la liphapang tsa sebopeho. Liseleng tsa limela, poleiti ea sele e thehoa nakong ea cytokinesis ho fetoha lebota le arolang pakeng tsa lisele tse peli tse ncha tsa morali. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisele tsa liphoofolo li etsoa ka lekhalo la foro, moo lera la sele le hlabang ho arola sele.
Li-Organelle tse Ikhethileng
Li-centriole li ikhetha ho lisele tsa liphoofolo 'me li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa karohanong ea sele ka ho thehoa ha spindle ea mitotic, e arolang li-chromosome nakong ea mitosis. Ho ba sieo ha li-centriole liseleng tse phahameng tsa limela ho bontša mokhoa o bonolo oa karohano liseleng tsena.
Liphetoho tse sebetsang
Phapang ea sebopeho liseleng tsa limela le tsa liphoofolo e hokahane le ho ikamahanya ha tsona le ts'ebetso, e loketseng mesebetsi ea tsona linthong tsa tsona tse phelang.
– Metabolism le Matla: Limela, kaha ke li-autotrophs, li ikamahantse le ho sebelisa matla a letsatsi ka photosynthesis, athe lisele tsa liphoofolo li na le mekhoa ea bophelo ea heterotrophic, e leng se hlokang mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fetola lijo hore li je le ho li sebelisa.
– Motsamao le ho Tenyetseha: Ho ba sieo ha lebota la sele le tiileng liseleng tsa liphoofolo ho lumella ho tsamaea le ho sebelisana le libaka le lintho tse ling tse phelang, e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa mekhoa ea tsona ea ho phela e kang ho tsoma, ho baleha liphoofolo tse jang tse ling le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea ho phela.
– Kgolo le Nts'etsopele: Lisele tsa limela, ka boteng ba lebota la sele le li-vacuole tse kholo, li lumella kholo e potlakileng le botsitso ba sebopeho bo hlokahalang bakeng sa bolelele bo otlolohileng ba semela le ho tsamaisoa ha limatlafatsi ka lisele tsa methapo ea mali.
fihlela qeto e
Ho utloisisa phapang e fapaneng le ho tšoana pakeng tsa lisele tsa liphoofolo le limela ho khantša setšoantšo se pharaletseng sa mahlale a bophelo le maano a fapaneng a sebelisoang ke mefuta ea bophelo ho atleha libakeng tse fapaneng. Ho ikamahanya ha sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea lisele ho totobatsa bokhabane ba ho iphetola ha lintho, ho totobatsa bohlokoa ba meralo ea sele ho bopeng lits'ebetso tsa bophelo. Ebang e ithutiloe bakeng sa thahasello ea thuto kapa theknoloji ea baeloji e sebelisitsoeng, kananelo e tebileng ea liphapang tsena tsa sele e ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea mathata a baeloji a bolokang mefuta-futa ea bophelo.
