Patlisiso ea Anthropology mabapi le Khohlano ea Merabe: Ho Utloisisa Matla a Sechaba le Tharollo ea Khohlano
Pendahuluan
Patlisiso ea batho mabapi le likhohlano tsa merabe e fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le maemo a sechaba, setso le lipolotiki a teng ka hare le pakeng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa merabe. Likhohlano tsa merabe ha li ame feela batho ba amehang ka ho toba empa li ka boela tsa ama sebopeho sa sechaba , moruo le lipolotiki tsa libaka tse pharaletseng. Tsebo ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa boiteko ba ho rarolla likhohlano le nts'etsopele ea maano a sebetsang ho sebetsana le lisosa tsa motheo.
Tlhaloso le Bophara ba Khohlano ea Merabe
Khohlano ea morabe ke mofuta oa bora bo hlahang lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa merabe, hangata bo susumetsoa ke liphapang tsa setso, bolumeli, puo, kapa boitsebahatso bo bong. Khethollo, ho qheleloa ka thoko, le kabo e sa lekanang ea mehloli ea moruo le tsona li ka baka khohlano. Khohlano ena hangata e bakoa ke kutloisiso e matla ea boitsebahatso ba sehlopha, moo lihlopha tsa batho ka bomong li itlhalosang ho latela morabe 'me li bona lihlopha tse ling e le litšokelo boteng ba tsona le lithahasellong tsa tsona.
Pono ea Anthropology Thutong ea Khohlano ea Merabe
Thuto ea batho, e le thuto e hatisang kutloisiso ea setso sa batho, e fana ka mokhoa o felletseng oa ho sekaseka khohlano ea morabe. Pono ea thuto ea batho e talima khohlano eseng feela e le ketsahalo ea pefo ea 'mele empa hape e le pontšo ea likhohlano tsa sechaba le setso. Litsebi tsa thuto ea batho li ithuta matšoao, meetlo, lipale tsa nalane le mekhoa ea likamano tsa sechaba ho utloisisa hore na khohlano ea morabe e thehoa le ho hola joang.
Mabaka a Bakang Khohlano ea Merabe
1. Boitsebiso ba Setso le Morabe: Hangata kgohlano e hlaha ha dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa merabe di qothisana lehlokoa ho boloka boitsebiso ba tsona ba setso. Mohlala, maemong ao sehlopha se matla se lekang ho amohela kapa ho rarolla boitsebiso ba setso sa sehlopha se seng, kganyetso le kgohlano di ka hlaha.
2. Ho se lekane ha moruo le kahisano: Ho se lekane ha kabo ea mehloli ea moruo, menyetla ea mesebetsi le litšebeletso tsa sechaba ho ka baka tsitsipano lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa merabe. Lihlopha tse ikutloang li qheletsoe ka thoko kapa li khetholloa li na le tšekamelo ea ho ba le ho se khotsofale ho ka bakang likhohlano.
3. Histori le Lipolotiki tsa Bokolone: Liphihlelo tsa nalane tsa puso ea bokolone kapa matla a khatello a lipolotiki le tsona hangata ke tsona tse bakang likhohlano tsa merabe. Likhohlano tse ngata Afrika, mohlala, li simolohile nalaneng ea likarohano tsa libaka ke mebuso ea bokolone e neng e hlokomoloha mekhoa ea merabe ea lehae.
4. Phatlalatso le Khethollo: Matšolo a phatlalatso a khothalletsang maikutlo a fosahetseng khahlanong le lihlopha tse itseng tsa merabe a ka hlohlelletsa lehloeo le leeme. Ho phatlalatsoa ha boitsebiso bo fosahetseng kapa ho qhekelloa ke batho ba bang le hona ho ka mpefatsa boemo.
Thuto ea Nyeoe ea Khohlano ea Merabe
1. Polao e Sehlōhō ea Rwanda (1994): Khohlano pakeng tsa Mahutu le Matutsi Rwanda e simolohile historing ea bokolone e ileng ea matlafatsa liphapang tsa merabe ka ho arolelana matla le lipolotiki tsa boitsebahatso. Qetello ea maikutlo e ile ea lebisa polaong e sehlōhō eo ho eona batho ba fetang 800.000, boholo ba bona e le Matutsi, ba ileng ba bolaoa ka likhoeli tse tharo.
2. Khohlano ea Yugoslavia: Kamora ho putlama ha Yugoslavia ka 1991, ntoa e sehlōhō ea merabe e ile ea qhoma pakeng tsa Maserbia, Macroatia, Mabosniak le Makosova. Boitsebahatso ba morabe bo sebelisitsoeng ke baetapele ba lipolotiki e ile ea e-ba sesosa se seholo, sa fella ka ntoa ea lehae e nang le mahlatsipa a maholo le timetso e pharaletseng.
3. Khohlano Myanmar: Pefo ea merabe Myanmar, haholo-holo khatello ea sehlopha sa morabe oa Rohingya ke bongata ba Maburma, ke mohlala o hlakileng oa kamoo khethollo e hlophisitsoeng le ho haneloa ha litokelo tsa boahi ho lihlopha tse itseng tsa merabe ho ka fellang ka likhohlano tse tšollang mali.
Mekhoa ea Lipatlisiso tsa Anthropology Khohlanong ea Merabe
1. Ethnography: Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho shebella barupeluoa le lipuisano tse tebileng le litho tsa lihlopha tse qothisanang lehlokoa. Ka ho qeta nako e ngata tšimong, litsebi tsa thuto ea batho li ka hlahloba lipale tsa batho ka bomong le tsa sehlopha tse fanang ka temohisiso mabapi le lisosa le matla a likhohlano.
2. Tlhahlobo le Litokomane tsa Nalane: Ho utloisisa nalane ka litokomane, li-archive le litšōmo ho ka fana ka moelelo oa bohlokoa mabapi le metso ea likhohlano tsa merabe. Nalane ea karohano ea bokolone, bofalli le phetoho ea lipolotiki hangata ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse hlahlojoang.
3. Tlhokomelo ea Bankakarolo le ba sa Keneng Karolo: Ka mokhoa ona, bafuputsi ba bona likamano tsa merabe e fapaneng le matla a sechaba ntle le ho ameha ka kotloloho. Sena se bohlokoa ho qoba leeme tlhalosong 'me se ka fana ka setšoantšo sa 'nete sa likamano tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng.
Tharollo ea Likhohlano tsa Merabe
Tharollo ea Likhohlano e Thehiloeng Setsong: Mokhoa ona o totobatsa bohlokoa ba pholiso le poelano ka ho utloisisa setso le meetlo ea lehae. Ho kenyelletsa baetapele ba setso, batho ba bolumeli, le batho ba bang ba nang le tšusumetso ts'ebetsong ea tharollo ea likhohlano ho ka thusa ho boelanya liphapang ka litsela tse amohelehang sechabeng sa lehae.
Puisano ea Lihlopheng: Ho theha sebaka sa puisano e bulehileng lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa merabe tse loantšanang ho ka fokotsa tsitsipano le ho haha kutloisiso e kopanetsoeng. Mananeo a kang lithupelo, liseminara le liboka tse sa reroang a ka ba molemo ho nolofatseng lipuisano tse hahang.
Maano le Mekhoa ea Ts'ebetso ea Mmuso: Mmuso o tlameha ho bapala karolo e mafolofolo ho sebetsaneng le litaba tsa sebopeho tse bakang khohlano ea merabe. Maano a lokileng mabapi le kabo ea lisebelisoa, melaoana e tiisang litokelo tsa batho ba fokolang, le khato e tiileng khahlanong le khethollo ke mehato ea bohlokoa tharollong le thibelong ea likhohlano.
Qetello
Patlisiso ea thuto ea batho mabapi le khohlano ea merabe e re thusa ho utloisisa maemo a rarahaneng le matla a khohlano, a sa amaneng feela le liphapang tsa 'mele kapa pefo empa hape le likarolo tsa boitsebiso, nalane le sebopeho sa sechaba . Ka mokhoa o akaretsang, litsebi tsa thuto ea batho li kenya letsoho haholo ho faneng ka litharollo tse tsitsitseng le tse sebetsang tsa khohlano ea merabe. Boiteko bona bo hloka tšebelisano-'moho ea litsebi tse ngata le boitlamo ho tsoa mekheng e fapaneng ho fihlela khotso e lokileng le e kenyeletsang bohle.
