Thuto ea Batho ba Bolumeli le Thuto ea Meetlo
Pendahuluan
Thuto ea batho ea bolumeli ke lekala la thuto ea batho le hlahlobang ka ho khetheha litumelo, mekhoa le litsi tsa bolumeli litsong tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara. Sepheo sa thuto ena ke ho utloisisa moelelo le mosebetsi oa meetlo, litšōmo le matšoao a amanang le bolumeli. Thuto ea batho ea bolumeli ha e nke bolumeli e le ntho ea moea feela empa hape e le ketsahalo ea sechaba e susumetsang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba motho.
Moetlo ke karolo ea bohlokoa thutong ea bolumeli ea batho. Meetlo e ka ba liketso tse phetoang ka merero e itseng 'me hangata li amahanngoa le liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa bophelong ba motho kapa sechaba, joalo ka tsoalo, lenyalo le lefu. Thuto ea meetlo e re thusa ho utloisisa litsela tseo batho ka bomong le lihlopha ba sebelisanang le lefats'e la moea ka tsona le kamoo meetlo e ka bōpang boitsebahatso ba sechaba le bonngoe.
Tlhaloso ea Anthropology ea Bolumeli
Thuto ea batho ba bolumeli ke thuto ea hore na litumelo le mekhoa ea bolumeli li bopa joang le hore na li susumetsoa joang ke maemo a itseng a setso le a sechaba. E akaretsa mekhoa le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho utloisisa moelelo oa tšoantšetso le o sebetsang oa bolumeli bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Thuto ea batho ba bolumeli ha e hlahlobe feela malumeli a maholo a kang Bokreste, Boislamo, Bohindu le Bobuddha, empa hape le malumeli a setso le lichaba tse nyane, tse sa tsejoeng haholo.
Litsebi tsa thuto ea batho tsa bolumeli hangata li sebelisa mekhoa ea boleng bo holimo joalo ka ethnography ho shebella le ho ngola boitšoaro ba bolumeli. Ba ka 'na ba lula sechabeng se itseng nako e telele, ba ithuta puo, 'me ba etsa lipuisano tse tebileng le litho tsa sechaba. Lintlha tsena lia hlahlojoa ho khetholla lihlooho tse amanang le litumelo le mekhoa ea bolumeli.
Khopolo le Mosebetsi oa Meetlo
Meetlo ke liketso tse pheta-phetoang tseo hangata li nang le sebopeho se tsitsitseng. Liketso tsena hangata li na le moelelo oa tšoantšetso 'me li ikemiselitse ho fihlela liphello tse itseng, ebang ke tsa moea, tsa kahisano, kapa tsa kelello. Thutong ea batho ba bolumeli, meetlo hangata e nkoa e le lisebelisoa tsa ho buisana ka kamano pakeng tsa batho le matla a phahametseng tlhaho.
Victor Turner, setsebi se tummeng sa thuto ea batho, o bitsitse meetlo "liketsahalo tsa sechaba tse hlophisitsoeng," ho bolelang hore li na le tatellano e hlakileng le e ka boleloang esale pele. Meetlo ena hangata e tsamaea le matšoao a nang le moelelo o tebileng ho barupeluoa. Turner o boetse a hlahisa mohopolo oa "boemo bo fokolang" moetlong, mohato oa phetoho ka har'a mokete o lumellang batho ho tloha boemong bo bong ba sechaba ho ea ho bo bong.
Clifford Geertz, setsebi se seng sa thuto ea batho, o hatelletse bohlokoa ba moelelo oa setso ho utloisiseng meetlo. O boletse hore meetlo ke "mohlala oa" (mohlala oa lefats'e) le "mohlala oa" (setšoantšo sa lefats'e). Sena se bolela hore meetlo ha e bontše feela 'nete empa e boetse e bopa tsela eo barupeluoa ba bonang lefatše le ba potileng ka eona.
Sehlopha sa Meetlo
Meetlo e ka aroloa ho latela maemo a fapaneng, joalo ka morero, sebopeho le maemo a sechaba. Mona ke mekhahlelo e meng e tloaelehileng thutong ea meetlo:
1. Meetlo ea ho Feta: Meetlo ena e tšoaea phetoho ea motho ho tloha mohatong o mong oa bophelo ho ea ho o mong. Mehlala e kenyelletsa mekete ea ho qala, machato le mapato.
2. Meetlo ea ho Kopanela: Meetlo ena e matlafatsa maqhama a sechaba le boitsebahatso ba sehlopha. Mehlala e kenyelletsa mekete ea bolumeli ea beke le beke kapa mekete ea selemo le selemo.
3. Meetlo ea Mathata: Meetlo ena e etsoa maemong a mathata kapa ho se tsitse ho batla thuso e phahametseng tlhaho kapa ho khutsisa boemo. Mehlala e kenyelletsa lithapelo kapa mekete e etsoang nakong ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho.
4. Meetlo ea ho Tsoela Pele: Meetlo ena e etsoa ho boloka boemo ba hona joale kapa botsitso sechabeng. Mohlala ke mokete oa temo o etsoang ho boloka mobu o nonne.
Thuto ea Nyeoe: Meetlo Litsong tse Fapaneng
Ho fana ka setšoantšo se hlakileng sa hore na meetlo e sebetsa joang litsong tse fapaneng, mehlala e meng e tiileng e tsoang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e ke ena:
1. Moetlo oa ho Qala Morabe oa Maasai, Kenya
Batho ba Maasai ba Kenya ba na le moetlo o rarahaneng haholo le o tšoantšetsang ho qalisoa. Ke ts'ebetso e telele e kenyeletsang mekhahlelo e 'maloa, ho tloha lebollong ho isa nakong ea ho itšehla thajana moo banna ba ithutang mesebetsi le boikarabello ba litho tse kholo tsa moloko. Meetlo ena e sebeletsa ho ruta litekanyetso tsa setso le ho matlafatsa maqhama a sechaba har'a litho tsa moloko.
2. Mokete oa Ngaben Bali, Indonesia
Ngaben ke mokete oa ho chesa setopo oa Balinese Hindu o kenyelletsang meetlo e rarahaneng ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Ho lumeloa hore ho chesa setopo ho lokolla moea 'meleng le ho o isa bophelong ba ka mor'a lefu. Letoto lena la meetlo le kenyelletsa sechaba se seholo 'me le sebeletsa ho matlafatsa bonngoe ba sechaba le ho fana ka matšeliso a moea ho lelapa le shoetsoeng.
3. Mokete oa Letsatsi la Bafu Mexico
Letsatsi la Bafu (Día de los Muertos) ke mokete oa selemo le selemo Mexico o ketekang le ho hopola bafu. Mokete ona o kenyelletsa ho etsa lialetare tse nang le linepe le lintho tsa ba shoeleng, lijo le lipalesa. Moetlo ona o bonts'a kamano e tsoelang pele pakeng tsa bophelo le lefu 'me o kenyelletsa sechaba sohle moketeng o kopaneng.
Mesebetsi ea Meetlo ea Sechaba le ea Kelello
Meetlo e na le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea sechaba le ea kelello. Kahisano, meetlo e matlafatsa bonngoe le bonngoe ba sehlopha. Ka ho kopanela hammoho meketeng ea meetlo, batho ka bomong ba ikutloa e le karolo ea sechaba se seholo. Sena se fana ka boitsebiso bo kopaneng 'me se fokotsa maikutlo a ho itšehla thajana.
Ho ea ka kelello, meetlo e ka tlisa khutso le matšeliso. Linakong tsa mathata kapa ho se tsitse, meetlo e fana ka maikutlo a taolo le ho bolela esale pele. Sena se thusa batho ho sebetsana le matšoenyeho le khatello ea maikutlo. Meetlo e ka boela ea sebetsa e le sesebelisoa sa ho utloisisa le ho boloka moelelo bophelong, haholo-holo linakong tsa phetoho kapa tahlehelo e kholo.
Qetello
Thuto ea batho ba bolumeli le thuto ea meetlo li fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le litsela tseo bolumeli le mekhoa ea moea li bopang le ho bopa ka tsona, maemo a sechaba le a setso. Moetlo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea thuto ena, e fanang ka lense eo ka eona re ka utloisisang moelelo oa tšoantšetso le mosebetsi oa sechaba oa mekhoa ea bolumeli. Ka ho teba meetlong ho pholletsa le litso, re ka sibolla ho tšoana le liphapang tse ntlafatsang kutloisiso ea rona ea liphihlelo tsa batho ba bokahohleng. Ka thuto e felletseng, thuto ea batho ea bolumeli ha e atolose tsebo ea rona ea thuto feela empa hape e fana ka litsela tse ncha tsa ho ananela mefuta-futa le ho rarahana ha bophelo ba moea le ba sechaba lefatšeng ka bophara.
