Maqaal ku saabsan Isle'egta teleskoobyada xiddigiska
Xagalku wuxuu go'aamiyaa cabbirka sawirka shayga ku samaysmay retina. Sida ku cad sawirka, masaafada shayga ee isha ka fog, ayaa xagasha yar yar sidaas darteedna cabbirka sawirka ee retina ka samaysan uu yar yahay.
Teleskoobka fudud ee xiddigiska wuxuu leeyahay laba muraayadood oo isku dheggan; mid walbana waxaa loo yaqaan muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha. Muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxay leedahay masaafo ka weyn isha, halka muraayadda indhaha ay leedahay masaafo u dhow isha. Muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxay u shaqeysaa inay sawirka u soo dhoweyso muraayadda indhaha, sidaas darteed xagasha ayaa weynaaneysa. Muraayadda indhaha waxay u shaqeysaa inay kordhiso xagasha si cabbirka sawirka ku sameysmay retina uu u weynaado.
1. Wadarta weyneynta teleskoobka marka ay ugu yar tahay qaabilaadda isha (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha fog)
1.1 Weyneynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada marka ay ugu yar tahay qaabilaadda isha
Muraayadda ujeeddadu waa muraayad qaloocan . Sidaa darteed, isle'egta weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddadu waa la mid ah isle'egta weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda qaloocan.
Calaamadaha taban waxay kaliya sharraxayaan in sawirka la rogo si looga saaro isla'egta.
Marka indhaha indha-indheeyaha ay diiradda saaraan meesha fog (dejinta ugu yar waa inay ahaataa), sawirka ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh waa inuu ahaadaa barta labaad ee diiradda muraayadda ujeeddada leh. Sidaas darteed, masaafada sawirka muraayadda ujeeddada leh (in).ob) = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (fobShayyadu aad bay uga fog yihiin muraayadda ujeeddada waxaana loo arkaa kuwo aan dhammaad lahayn, sidaas darteed masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada (maxaaob) = aan dhammaad lahayn.
Iyada oo lagu salaynayo isla'egtan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa in weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada ay ku dhowdahay eber si loo iska indho tiro. Ogow in inkastoo weynaynta toosan ay yar tahay, muraayadda ujeeddada leh waxay sawirka dhabta ah u soo dhowaynaysaa muraayadda indhaha, sidaas darteed xagasha u dhaxaysa sawirka dhabta ah iyo muraayadda indhaha ayaa weyn.
1.2 Weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha marka ay ugu yar tahay ku habboonaanta isha
Muraayadaha indhaha waxay u shaqeeyaan inay kordhiyaan xagasha, sidaa darteed isla'egta weynaynta la isticmaalay waa isla'egta weynaynta xagasha. Isla'egta weynaynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha ee teleskoobka xiddigiska ayaa ka duwan isle'egta weynaynta xagasha,
muraayadda indhaha ee mikroskoobka sababtoo ah mikroskoobka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu arko walxaha u dhow halka teleskoobka loo isticmaalo in lagu arko walxaha fog.
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha:
M = θ' / θ
Xaglaha waa yar yihiin oo aad bay u taabasho badan yihiin θ ≈ θ
θ = sare / f ob
θ' = sare / f ok
Weyneynta xagasha:
M ok = weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha, f ob = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha, f ok = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha.
Dhererka teleskoobka xiddigiska (l) = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (f ob ) + dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (f ok ). Markaa f ob = l - f ok ama f ok = l - f ob
1.3 Wadarta weyneynta xagasha marka la eego is-waafajinta isha ugu yar
Ma jiro weynayn toosan, sidaas darteed weynayn guud ee xagal-wareegga teleskoobka xiddigiska marka isha lagu hayo meesha fog,
ama hoyga ugu yar (M) = weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha marka isha ay diiradda saarto meesha fog, ama hoyga ugu yar (M ok ).
M = weyneynta guud ee xagasha, f ob = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada leh, fok = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha, l = masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha = dhererka teleskoobka
2. Wadarta weyneynta teleskoobka marka qaabilaadda isha ay ugu badan tahay (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha u dhow)
2.1 Weyneynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada marka la eego is-waafajinta isha ugu badan
Muraayadda ujeeddadeedu waa muraayad qaloocan. Sidaa darteed, isle'egta weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddadeedu waa isku mid sida isle'egta weynaynta toosan ee muraayadda qaloocan.
Calaamadaha taban waxay kaliya sharxaan sawirka rogrogay si looga saaro isla'egta.
Marka isha indha-indheeyaha ay gaarto heerka ugu sarreeya, sawirka ay soo saarto muraayadda ujeeddada leh wuxuu u dhexeeyaa barta ugu horreysa ee isha indhaha iyo muraayadda. Sidaas darteed, masaafada sawirka dhabta ah u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada leh (in).ob) = dhererka teleskoobka (l) - masaafada sawirka dhabta ah laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha (samaynokShayyadu aad bay uga fog yihiin muraayadda ujeeddada waxaana loo arkaa kuwo aan dhammaad lahayn, sidaas darteed masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda ujeeddada (maxaaob) = aan dhammaad lahayn.
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo isla'egtan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa in weyneynta toosan ee muraayadda ujeeddada ay ku dhowdahay eber si loo iska indho tiro.
2.2 Weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha marka ay ugu badan tahay indhuhu
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha:
M = θ' / θ
Xagasha waa yar tahay oo aad u janjeerta θ ≈ θ
θ = sare / sare
θ' = salaam / samee ok
Weyneynta xagasha:
M ok = weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha, s ob ' = di ob = masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda ujeeddada, samee ok = masaafada sawirka dhabta ah (sawirrada waxaa loo arkaa walxo) laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha.
Dhererka teleskoobka xiddigiska (l) = dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda ujeeddada (di ob ) + dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda indhaha (samee ok ). Markaa di ob = l - samee ok ama samee ok = l - di ob
2.3 Wadarta weyneynta xagasha marka la eego is-waafajinta isha ugu badan
Ma jiro weynayn toosan, sidaas darteed weynayn guud ee xagal-wareegga teleskoobka xiddigiska marka isha lagu hayo meesha fog,
ama hoyga ugu yar (M) = Wadarta weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda indhaha marka isha lagu hayo meesha fog, ama hoyga ugu yar (M ok ).
M = weyneynta guud ee xagasha, di ob = masaafada sawirka ee muraayadda ujeeddada, samee ok = masaafada sawirka dhabta ah (sawirka waxaa loo arkaa shay) laga bilaabo muraayadda indhaha,
l = masaafada u dhaxaysa muraayadda ujeeddada leh iyo muraayadda indhaha = dhererka teleskoobka
