Qeexitaanka qulqulka korantada
Marka laga hadlayo goobta korontada, waxaa laga wada hadlay qeexidda iyo isle'egta goobta korontada oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu xisaabiyo xoogga goobta korontada ee ay soo saarto dallac koronto, dhowr dallac koronto ama qaybinta dallac koronto. Xisaabinta xoogga goobta korontada ee ay soo saarto dallac koronto ama laba dallac koronto si fudud ayaa loo xallin karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaacidada xoogga goobta korontada. Haddii waxa la xisaabiyo ay tahay xoogga goobta korontada ee ay soo saarto qaybinta dallac koronto, xisaabintu way ka sii adag tahay haddii qaacidada xoogga goobta korontada la isticmaalo, laakiin way fududahay in la isticmaalo sharciga Gauss . Kahor intaadan si qoto dheer u baran sharciga Gauss, marka hore faham qulqulkaas korontada sababtoo ah fikradda qulqulka korontada ee loo isticmaalo sharciga Gauss.
Ereyga qulqulka waxaa laga soo qaatay ereyga Laatiinka, fluere, oo macnaheedu yahay socodka. Qulqulka korontada waxaa loo fasiri karaa socodka goobta korontada. Ereyga qulqulka halkan ma muujinayo goob koronto oo u socota sida biyaha socda, laakiin wuxuu sharxayaa jiritaanka goob koronto oo u horseedda jiho gaar ah. Marka laga hadlayo khadadka goobta korontada, waxaa la sharraxay in goobta korontada lagu sawiray ama lagu sawiray iyadoo la adeegsanayo khadadka goobta korontada, sidaas darteed qulqulka korontada waxaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamay khadadka goobta korontada. Markaa qulqulka korontada waa xariiq goob koronto oo dhaafta meel gaar ah oo dusha sare ah, sida ku cad sawirka hoose.
Isle'egta qulqulka korantada
Xisaab ahaan, qulqulka korontadu waa natiijada ka soo baxda goobta korontada (E), bedka dusha sare (A) iyo cosine-ka xagasha u dhaxaysa khadka goobta korontada iyo xariiqda caadiga ah ee ku toosan dusha sare.
F = EA cos …………………. ( isla'egta 1 )
Haddii khadadka garoonka korontadu ay ku toosan yihiin aagga dusha sare ee ay maraan sida ku cad sawirka, markaa xagasha u dhaxaysa khadka garoonka korontada iyo khadka caadiga ah waa 0 o , halkaas oo cos 0 o = 1. Sidaa darteed, qaacidada socodka korantada waxay isu beddeshaa:
F = EA cos 0o = EA (1)
F = EA …………. (Isleeg 2)
Iyada oo ku saleysan qaacidada, qulqulka korantada ee kor ku xusan wuxuu soo gabagabeynayaa dhowr waxyaalood. Marka hore, qulqulka korontada ayaa ugu badan marka khadka korontada uu ku toosan yahay aagga dusha sare sababtoo ah xaaladdan xagasha u dhaxaysa khadka korontada iyo khadka caadiga ah waa 0o, halkaas oo cosine 0o uu yahay 1. Marka labaad, qulqulka korontada ayaa ugu yar marka khadka korontada uu barbar socdo aagga dusha sare sababtoo ah xaaladdan xagasha u dhaxaysa khadka korontada iyo khadka caadiga ah waa 90 o , halkaas oo cosine 90 o uu yahay 0. Saddexaad, qulqulka korontada wuxuu ku xiran yahay goobta korontada (E) iyo aagga dusha sare (A). Marka laga soo tago aagga dusha sare ee qaabaysan sida tusaalaha kore, aagga dusha sare sidoo kale wuxuu noqon karaa mid wareegsan iyo kuwa kale.
Dareeraha korontada ee dusha sare ee xiran
Dareeraha korontada ee hore loo sharraxay wuxuu isticmaalaa tusaale dusha furan (aagga dusha sare ee laba jibbaaran ama leydi ah). Sidee ayay qulqulka korontada uga dhacaan meelaha xiran sida xabadaha, alwaaxyada, ama kubbadaha? Bal qiyaas in ay jiraan xariiqyo goob koronto oo dhex mara birta, sida hoos ku cad.
Xariiqyada goobta korantada ee buluugga ah waxay la jaanqaadaan dusha sare iyo hoose ee biraha si ay u sameeyaan xagal 90 aho iyadoo la adeegsanayo xariiqda caadiga ah ee dusha sare iyo hoose. Sidaa darteed, qulqulka korantada ee dusha sare iyo hoose ee iftiinka waa F = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
Xariiqyada goobta korantada ee la siiyay midab jaalle ah waxay la jaanqaadaan dusha sare ee dhinaca midig iyo bidix ee biraha si ay u abuuraan xagal 90 o ah oo leh xariiqda caadiga ah ee dusha sare ee dhinaca bidix iyo midig. Sidaa darteed, qulqulka korantada ee dhinaca midig iyo bidix ee biraha waa F = EA cos 90 o = EA (0) = 0.
Xariiqyada goobta korantada waxaa la siiyaa casaan toosan oo ku toosan dusha hore iyo gadaal ee alwaaxa si ay u abuuraan xagal 0 o ah oo leh xariiqda caadiga ah ee dusha hore iyo gadaal. Sidaa darteed, qulqulka korontada waa F = EA cos 0 o = EA (1) = E A.
Jaantuska kore, khadadka cas ee muuqda ee garoonka korontada ayaa u guura laambadda ka dibna ka baxa laambadda. Marka khadadka garoonka korontada ay u guuraan laambadda sidii iyadoo ay jirto dallac taban oo gudaha laambadda ku jira, qulqulka korontada waa taban. Taas beddelkeeda, marka khadadka garoonka korontada ay ka baxaan laambadda sidii iyadoo ay jirto dallac togan oo gudaha laambadda ku jira, qulqulka korontada waa togan. Si tayo leh, haddii tirada khadadka garoonka korontada ee gala laambadda ay la mid tahay tirada khadadka garoonka korontada ee ka soo baxaya laambadda, qulqulka korontada ee ka dhasha waa eber. Tiro ahaan, qulqulka korantada ee ka dhasha ee dhex mara laambadda waxaa loo xisaabiyaa sidan soo socota: qulqulka korontada ee soo socda = F 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA iyo qulqulka korontada ee baxaya = F 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = + E A. Wadarta qulqulka korontada waa F = – F 1 + F 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
Iyadoo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta kor ku xusan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay in wadarta guud ee qulqulka korantada ee dhex mara laambadda sida ku cad jaantuska kore ay tahay eber. Waxaa la dhihi karaa wadarta guud ee qulqulka korontada waa eber sababtoo ah ma jiro wax dallac koronto ah oo ku jira laambadda. Markaa haddii aysan jirin wax dallac koronto ah oo ku jira dusha xiran sida laambadda, xabadaha, wareegyada, iwm. wadarta guud ee qulqulka korontada waa eber. Ka waran haddii ay jirto dallac koronto oo ku yaal dusha xiran?
Bal qiyaas in uu jiro koronto ku jirta bartamaha kubadda, sida ku cad sawirka dhinaca. Afarta xariiq ee garoonka korontada waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay matalayaan xariiqyada goobaha kale ee korontada ee ka soo baxa bartamaha kubbadda oo u jeeda dusha sare ee kubbadda. Khad kastaa wuxuu ku toosan yahay dusha sare ee kubadda, kaas oo uu ka sameeyo xagal 0 ah.o oo leh xariiq caadi ah oo ku toosan dusha sare ee kubadda.
Dareeraha korontada ee kubbadda: Φ = E A.
Qaacidada xoogga goobta korantada waa E = kq / r 2 , isla'egta bedka dusha sare ee wareegana waa A = 4 pr 2 si qaacidada socodka korontada ay isu beddesho:
Haddii dallacaadda bartamaha kubbadda ay tahay + 2Q, markaa qulqulka korantada ee kubbadda waa
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo qaacidada qulqulka korantada, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa haddii ay jirto koronto ku jirta dusha sare ee wareegsan ee xiran,
Qiimaha qulqulka korantada ee kubbadda kuma xirna dhexroorka ama gacanka kubbadda. Cabbirka qulqulka korontada waa 4πk oo la eg wadarta dallacaadda korontada ee kubbadda, ama 1/ε o oo la eg wadarta dallacaadda korontada ee kubbadda.
Cutubka qulqulka korantada
Qaacidada aasaasiga ah ee qulqulka korontada waa F = EA, halkaas oo E ay tahay xoogga goobta korontada iyo A ay tahay aagga dusha sare. Cutubka goobta korontada waa Newton halkii Coulomb (N/C), cutubka aagga dusha sarena waa mitir laba jibbaaran (m2 ) si cutubka qulqulka korontada uu u noqdo mitir laba jibbaaran oo Newton ah halkii Coulomb (Nm 2 /C).
