Qalabka Isle'egta Joogtada ah
Isku day inaad si tartiib ah u furto tuubada biyaha adigoo fiirinaya socodka biyaha ee ka soo baxaya tuubada. Marka tuubooyinku istaagaan, qayb ahaan ku xidh tuubada gacantaada. Hadda isbarbardhig socodka biyaha ee ka weyn. Marka qayb ahaan la xiro ama la furo? Haddii aad haysato tuubo badanaa loo isticmaalo waraabinta ubaxyada, u daa biyuhu inay dhex maraan. Qayb ahaan ku xidh tuubada gacantaada ama fartaada. Inta badan ee tuubada ay xiranto, ayay biyuhu si dhakhso ah u soo baxayaan. Taas beddelkeeda, haddii tuubooyinku aysan xirmin, biyuhu si dhakhso ah ayay u socon doonaan. Maxay tani u tahay? Si aad tan u fahamto, fadlan baro isleegta joogtada ah.
Tuubooyinka Socodka iyo Wadooyinka
Marka hore, aan fahamno fikradaha streamlines iyo flow tubes. Fikraddani waa muhiim sababtoo ah waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad fahamto isle'egta sii socoshada.
Khadka qulqulka
Fiiri sawirka hoose, xariiqda buluugga ah waa xariiqda tooska ah.
Socod joogto ah, xawaaraha qayb kasta oo dareere ah oo ku taal meel, sida barta A, wuxuu ahaanayaa mid joogto ah. Marka ay dhaafto barta B, xawaaraha qaybaha dareereyaashu way isbeddeli karaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka ay yimaadaan barta B, walxaha dareere ah ee ka dambeeya waxay sii wadaan inay ku socdaan xawaare la mid ah walxaha dareere ah ee ka horreeyay. Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa lagu dabaqaa marka ay yimaadaan barta C, iwm. Hagaajinta waa qodobbada isku xira qalooca A, B, iyo C.
Tuubada socodka
Asal ahaan, waxaan sawiri karnaa marin kasta oo marin kasta oo socodka dareeraha ah. Haddii aan tixgelinno socodka dareeraha oo joogto ah, tiro marin ah oo dhex mara xagal gaar ah oo ku yaal meel dusha sare ah oo mala-awaal ah (aagga dusha sare ee male-awaalka ah) waxay sameeyaan tuubo socod ah. Ma jiraan walxo dareere ah oo isdhaafsan laakiin had iyo jeer waa is barbar socda, tuubada socodka waxay u ekaan doontaa tuubo had iyo jeer leh qaab isku mid ah. Dareeraha soo galaya dhammaadka tuubada ayaa ka bixi doona tuubada dhinaca kale.
Debit
Daadinta waxay muujinaysaa mugga dareeraha dhex maraya isgoys gaar ah muddo cayiman. Xisaab ahaan, waxaa loo qeexi karaa sidan soo socota:
Si aan u sii xoojinno fahamkaaga, aan tusaale u soo qaadanno. Ka soo qaad in dareere uu dhex maro tuubo. Tuubooyinka badanaa waa dhululubo waxayna leeyihiin aag gaar ah oo isgoys ah. Tuubada sidoo kale waxay leedahay dherer.
Marka dareeruhu ku qulqulo tuubada ilaa L, markaas mugga dareeraha ku jira tuubada waa V = AL (V = mugga dareeraha, A = aagga isgoyska iyo L = dhererka tuubada). Sababtoo ah inta lagu jiro socodka tuubada ee ku teedsan L dareeruhu wuxuu socdaa muddo cayiman, markaa waxaan dhihi karnaa baaxadda dheecaanka waa:
Sababtoo ah v = s/t = L/t —> L = vt, isla'egta kore waxaa loo beddelay:
Sidaa darteed, marka dareeruhu dhex maro tuubo leh aag iyo dherer gaar ah oo isgoys ah muddo cayiman, baaxadda dheecaanka daadinta (Q) waxay la mid tahay aagga dusha sare ee isgoyska (A) oo lagu dhuftay xawaaraha socodka dareeraha (v).
Isleegta Joogtada ah
Ka fiirso socodka dareeraha ee tuubo leh dhexroor kala duwan, sida ku cad sawirka hoose.
Sawirkani wuxuu muujinayaa socodka dareeraha laga bilaabo bidix ilaa midig (dareeraha ayaa ka soo qulqulaya tuubo leh dhexroor weyn ilaa tuubo leh dhexroor yar). Khadadka dhibcaha leh waa kuwo siman.
Cinwaanka sawirka: A 1 = aagga isgoyska ee qaybta tuubada dhexroorka weyn, A 2 = aagga isgoyska ee qaybta tuubada dhexroorka yar, v 1 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee qaybta tuubada dhexroorka weyn, v 2 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee qaybta tuubada dhexroorka yar, L = masaafada uu socdo dareeraha.
Hordhaca dhaqdhaqaaqa dareeraha, waxaa lagu sharraxay in dhaqdhaqaaqa dareeraha, aan ka wada hadalno socodka dareeraha aan la isku celin karin, aan muuqan, aan buuq lahayn, oo deggan. Socodka joogtada ah, xawaaraha walxaha dareeraha ah ee meel ku yaal waa isku mid sida xawaaraha walxaha kale ee dareeraha ah ee dhex mara meeshaas. Socodka dareeraha sidoo kale isma galaan (socodka dareeraha waa is barbar socda). Sidaa darteed, cufka dareeraha ee galaya hal dhinac oo tuubada ah waa inuu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha ka baxaya dhinaca kale. Haddii dareere leh cuf gaar ah uu galo tuubo leh dhexroor weyn, markaa dareeruhu wuxuu ka bixi doonaa tuubada dhexroor yar oo leh cuf joogto ah.
Hadda, fiiri sawirka tuubada kore. Fiiri qaybta tuubada oo leh dhexroorka weyn iyo qaybta tuubada oo leh dhexroor yar.
Inta lagu jiro waqti cayiman, xaddi gaar ah oo dareere ah ayaa dhex mara qayb ka mid ah tuubo oo leh dhexroor weyn (A).1) ilaa L1 (L1 =v1 t). Mugga dareeraha socda waa V1 =A1 L1 =A1 v1 t. Isla muddadaas, tiro kale oo dareere ah ayaa dhex marta qayb ka mid ah tuubo oo leh dhexroor yar (A).2) ilaa L2 (L2 =v2 t). Mugga dareeraha socda waa V2 =A2 L2 =A2 v2 t.
Isle'egta Joogtada ah ee Dareeraha Aan La Cabirin Karin (aan la cadaadin karin)
Marka hore, aan ka fiirsanno kiiska dareere aan la cadaadin karin. Dareere aan la cadaadin karin, cufnaanta, ama cufka, ee dareeruhu had iyo jeer waa isku mid meel kasta oo uu dhex maro. Cufnaanta dareeraha ku socda tuubo leh aag isdhaaf ah A1 ( dhexroorka weyn ee tuubada) inta lagu jiro muddo cayiman waa:
Sidoo kale, cufka dareeraha ah ee ku socda tuubo leh aag isgoys ah oo ah A 2 (dhexroorka tuubo yar) inta lagu jiro waqti cayiman waa:
Marka la eego in socodka joogtada ah, cufka dareeraha soo galaya uu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha ka baxaya, markaa:
m 1 = m 2
ρ A 1 v 1 t = ρ A 2 v 2 t (cufnaanta dareeraha iyo waqtiga u dhexeeya waa isku mid sidaa darteed way baaba'aan)
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2
Markaa, dareerayaasha aan la cadaadin karin, isla'egta joogtada ah ayaa khuseysa:
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2 — Isle'egta 1
Macluumaadka:
A 1 = aagga isgoyska 1, A 2 = aagga isgoyska 2, v 1 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee isgoyska 1, v 2 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee isgoyska 2, A v = heerka socodka mugga V/t oo loo yaqaan dheecaan
Isle'egta 1aad waxay muujinaysaa in heerka socodka mugga, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan dheecaan, uu had iyo jeer isku mid yahay meel kasta oo ku teedsan tuubo ama tuubo qulqul. Marka qaybta isgoyska tuubooyinku hoos u dhacdo, heerka socodka dareeraha ayaa kordha; taa beddelkeeda, marka qaybta isgoyska tuubooyinku korodho, heerka socodka dareeraha ayaa hoos u dhaca.
Marka aan qayb ahaan xirno tuubada, socodka biyuhu wuu ka dhaqso badan yahay marka tuubada qayb ahaan la xiro. Tani waa sababta oo ah aagga isgoyska ee tuubada ayaa hoos u dhaca marka tuubada qayb ahaan la xiro, taasoo kordhinaysa heerka socodka biyaha (dareeraha si dhakhso ah ayuu u socdaa). Sidoo kale waa run tuubooyinka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa muhiim in la ogaado in heerka socodka dareeraha ama mugga uu isku mid yahay dhammaan meelaha socodka biyaha, ha ahaado tuubada qayb ahaan xiran iyo haddii kaleba. Markaa, waxa isbeddelaya waa heerka socodka dareeraha.
Haddaba ka waran socodka biyaha ee wabiga? Qaybaha qotoda dheer ee wabiga waxay leeyihiin isgoys ka weyn qaybaha qotada dheer, sidaa darteed heerka socodka biyaha ee qaybaha qotoda dheer wuxuu ka hooseeyaa qaybaha qotada dheer. Haddii aad aragto socod wabi oo aad u deggan, taasi waxay la macno tahay in wabigu qotoda dheer yahay. Laakiin haddii wabigu si lama filaan ah u noqdo mid si degdeg ah u socda, qaybtaasi hubaal waa mid qotada dheer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka socodka mugga biyuhu had iyo jeer waa isku mid, ha ahaato qaybaha qotoda dheer ama kuwa deggan ee wabiga.
Isle'egta Joogtada ah ee Dareeraha la cadaadin karo (la cadaadin karo)
Marka laga hadlayo dareerayaasha la cadaadin karo , cufnaanta dareeruhu had iyo jeer isku mid ma aha. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, cufnaanta dareeruhu way isbeddeshaa marka la cadaadiyo. In kasta oo dareerayaasha aan la cadaadin karin , cufnaanta dareeruhu waa laga saaraa isla'egta, kiiskan, cufnaanta dareeruhu wali waa la ku jiraa. Annagoo tixraaceyna isla'egta hore loo soo saaray, aan soo saarno isla'egta dareerayaasha la cadaadin karo.
Marka la eego in socodka joogtada ah, cufka dareeraha soo galaya uu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha ka baxaya, markaa:
m 1 = m 2
ρ A 1 v 1 t = ρ A 2 v 2 t
Muddada socodka dareeruhu waa isku mid sidaa darteed waa la tirtiri karaa. Isla'egtu waxay isu beddeshaa:
ρ A 1 v 1 = ρ A 2 v 2 → Isla'egta 2
Kani waa isle'egta dareeraha la cadaadin karo. Farqiga kaliya ayaa ku jira cufnaanta dareeraha. Marka dareeraha la cadaadiyo, cufnaantiisu way isbeddeshaa. Taas beddelkeeda, marka dareere aan la cadaadin karin, cufnaantiisu way isbeddeshaa waana la joojin karaa.
Tusaale ahaan su'aal 1aad:
Biyuhu waxay dhex maraan tuubo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm oo xawaarekeedu yahay 2 m/s. Waa maxay daadinta biyuhu?
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhexroorka tuubada = 10 cm (kani waa dhexroorka gudaha ee tuubada)
Radius-ka tuubada (r) = 5 cm = 0,05 m
v biyo = 2 m/s
La weydiiyay: Kaarka deynta
Jawaab:
Q = A v
Q = ( π r 2 ) (2 m/s)
Q = (3,14)(0,05 m) 2 (2 m/s)
Q = (3,14)(0,0025 m 2 )(2 m/s)
Q = 0,0157 m 3 / s
Tusaale ahaan su'aal 2aad:
Dhuun biyood oo dhexroorkeedu yahay 20 cm ayaa ku xiran tuubo kale oo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm. Haddii heerka socodka biyaha ee tuubada dhexroorkeedu yahay 20 cm ay tahay 4 m/s, waa maxay heerka socodka biyaha ee tuubada dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm?
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhexroorka 1 = 20 cm (r 1 = 10 cm = 0,1 m)
v 1 = 4 m/s
Dhexroorka 2 = 10 cm (r 2 = 5 cm = 0,05 m)
La weydiiyay: v 1
Jawaab:
Q 1 = Q 2
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2
( π r 12 ) (4 m/s) = (π r 22 ) (v 2 )
(0,1 m) 2 (4 m/s) = (0,05 m) 2 (v 2 )
(0,01 m 2 )(4 m/s) = (0,0025 m 2 )(v 2 )
(0,04 m 3 / s) = (0,0025 m 2 )(v 2 )
v 2 = 16 m/s
