Su'aalo Tusaale ah iyo Doodo ku saabsan Kor u qaadista Xalka Barta Karinta
Pendahuluan
Kor u kaca barta karkarinta waa dhacdo isku-dhafan oo dhacda marka milanka lagu daro milanka. Dhacdadani waxay tilmaamaysaa kororka barta karkarinta ee xalka marka la barbar dhigo barta karkarinta ee milanka saafiga ah. Kiimikada, fahamka kor u kaca barta karkarinta waa muhiim, gaar ahaan marka la eego falcelinta kiimikada, hababka kala-soocidda, iyo falanqaynta daawooyinka. Maqaalkani wuxuu higsanayaa inuu soo bandhigo tusaalooyin kala duwan oo dhibaatooyin iyo doodo la xiriira fikradda kor u kaca barta karkarinta.
Aragtida Aasaasiga ah
Kor u kaca barta karkarinta waa dhacdo ay ka sarreyso barta karkarinta ee xalka marka loo eego barta karkarinta ee dareeraha saafiga ah. Marka milanka (aan firfircoonayn) lagu daro milanka, cadaadiska uumiga dareeraha ayaa yaraada. Natiijo ahaan, heerkul sare ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro isla cadaadiska uumiga ee cadaadiska dibadda. Sidaa darteed, barta karkarinta ee xalka ayaa ka sarreysa.
Isleegta loo isticmaalo in lagu xisaabiyo kor u kaca barta karkaraya waa:
\[ \Delta T_b = K_b \cdot m \]
Halkee:
– \(\Delta T_b\) = kor u kaca barta karkaraya,
– \(K_b\) = joogto ah oo ebulioscopic ah (way ku kala duwan tahay dareere kasta),
– \(m\) = molarity-ga xalka (moles of milute halkii kiilo ee dareeraha).
Su'aalo iyo Doodo Tusaale ah
Aan ka wada hadalno qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka tusaalaha ah si aan si fiican u fahanno fikraddan.
Su'aal Tusaale 1aad
Su'aal: Waa maxay heerka sare u kaca barta karkaraya ee xalka ka kooban 2 moles oo gulukoos ah (\(C_6H_{12}O_6\)) oo lagu milmay 1 kg oo biyo ah? Waxaa la ogyahay in joogtada ebulioscopic ee biyaha (\(K_b\)) ay tahay 0,512 °C·kg/mol.
Dood:
1. Go'aami qaabka xalka:
\[ m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{kg solvent}} = \frac{2 \; \text{mol}}{1 \; \text{kg}} = 2 \; \text{m} \]
2. Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya adoo isticmaalaya isla'egta:
\[ \Delta T_b = K_b \cdot m \]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.512 \; °C·kg/mol \jeer 2 \; m\]
\[ \Delta T_b = 1.024 °C \]
Markaa, kororka barta karkaraya ee xalka waa 1.024 °C.
Su'aal Tusaale 2aad
Su'aal: Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya ee xalka ka kooban 0,3 mol oo NaCl ah oo ku jira 500 garaam oo biyo ah (\(K_b\) biyo = 0.512 °C·kg/mol). U qaado in NaCl uu gebi ahaanba ka go'o biyaha.
Dood:
1. Go'aami qaabka xalka:
\[ \text{Cunsurka dareeraha ee kg} = 500 \; \text{g} = 0.5 \; \text{kg} \]
\[ m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{kg solvent}} = \frac{0.3 \; \text{mol}}{0.5 \; \text{kg}} = 0.6 \; \text{m} \]
2. Maadaama NaCl uu kala baxo ayoonada \(Na^+\) iyo \(Cl^-\), wadarta tirada walxaha waxay labanlaab ka badan tahay tirada molecules-ka NaCl ee jira.
\[i = 2 \; (\text{van 't Hoff factor ee NaCl}) \]
3. Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya adoo isticmaalaya isla'egta:
\[ \Delta T_b = K_b \cdot m \cdot i \]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.512 \; °C·kg/mol \jeer 0.6 \; m \jeer 2 \]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.6144 °C \]
Markaa, kororka barta karkaraya ee xalka waa 0.6144 °C.
Su'aal Tusaale 3aad
Su'aal: Waa maxay kororka barta karkarinta haddii 0.5 mol oo sucrose ah (\(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}\)) lagu milmo 1.5 kg oo biyo ah? \(K_b\) oo biyo ah = 0.512 °C·kg/mol.
Dood:
1. Go'aami qaabka xalka:
\[ m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{kg solvent}} = \frac{0.5 \; \text{mole}}{1.5 \; \text{kg}} = \frac{0.5}{1.5} \; \text{m} = 0.333 \; \text{m} \]
2. Maadaama sukrose uusan kala go'in, factor-ka van 't Hoff (\(i\)) waa 1.
3. Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya adoo isticmaalaya isla'egta:
\[ \Delta T_b = K_b \cdot m \]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.512 \; °C·kg/mol \jeer 0.333 \; m\]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.1705 °C \]
Markaa, kororka barta karkaraya ee xalka waa 0.1705 °C.
Su'aal Tusaale 4aad
Su'aal: Xal laga sameeyay 0.25 mol oo urea ah (\(NH_2CONH_2\)) 2000 garaam oo biyo ah ayaa la kulma kor u kac barta karkaraya. Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya. \(K_b\) ee biyaha waa 0.512 °C·kg/mol.
Dood:
1. Go'aami qaabka xalka:
\[ \text{Cunsurka dareeraha ee kg} = 2000 \; \text{g} = 2 \; \text{kg} \]
\[ m = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{kg solvent}} = \frac{0.25 \; \text{mol}}{2 \; \text{kg}} = 0.125 \; \text{m} \]
2. Maadaama urea-du aysan ku kala go'in biyaha, factor-ka van 't Hoff (\(i\)) waa 1.
3. Xisaabi heerka sare ee barta karkaraya adoo isticmaalaya isla'egta:
\[ \Delta T_b = K_b \cdot m \]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.512 \; °C·kg/mol \jeer 0.125 \; m\]
\[ \Delta T_b = 0.064 \; °C\]
Markaa, kororka barta karkaraya ee xalka waa 0.064 °C.
Gabagabo
Kor u qaadista barta karkaraya waa fikrad muhiim ah oo ku jirta kiimikada taasoo sharraxaysa sida milanka u saameeyo barta karkaraya ee xalka. Dhibaatada tusaalaha ah ee kor ku xusan waxay muujinaysaa sida loo xisaabiyo kor u qaadista barta karkaraya iyadoo la adeegsanayo fikradaha molality iyo van 't Hoff factor. Aqoontani waxay faa'iido u leedahay codsiyada kiimikada ee kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan falanqaynta shaybaarka iyo horumarinta daawada. Fahmidda dhacdadan waxay bixisaa aragti qoto dheer oo ku saabsan sifooyinka walxaha ku jira xalka.
