7 Tusaalooyin Su'aalo ah oo la adeegsanayo Muraayad Loupe ah ama Muraayad Weyneysa
1. Dhererka shayga marka si toos ah looga eego meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah waa 2 mm. Shayga waxaa markaa lagu arkayaa muraayad weyneysa . Haddii masaafada shayga ee horteeda muraayadda weyneysa ay tahay 10 cm, waa maxay dhererka sawirka shayga uu sameeyay muraayadda weyneysa? Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah waa 25 cm.
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka shayga (h) = 2 mm
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm
Masaafada shayga (yada) = 10 cm
La weydiiyay: Xagasha weyneynta ee loupe (M)
Jawaab:
M = Ma jiro / s
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = 2,5 jeer
Dhererka sawirka shayga uu sameeyay loupe waa 2,5 x 2 mm = 5 mm.
2. Qofka indhaha caadiga ah leh wuxuu isticmaalaa muraayad weyneysa oo dhererkeedu yahay 25 cm si uu u akhriyo qoraal aad u yar. Go'aami weyneynta xagasha ee muraayadda weyneysa marka: (a) isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay, (b) isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay.
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Barta u dhow isha (N) = 25 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada (f) = 25 cm (togan sababtoo ah muraayadda weyneysada waa muraayad qaloocan)
Jawaab:
(a) Weynaynta xagasha (M) ee muraayadda weynaynta marka isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay:
M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 25 cm) + 1
M = 1 + 1
M = 2 jeer
Marka isha ay ku jirto meesha ugu badan ee la dego, walxaha waxay u muuqdaan labanlaab ka weyn. Tusaale ahaan, dhererka shayga marka si toos ah looga eego meesha u dhow isha waa 1 cm. Marka lagu arko muraayad weyneysa iyadoo isha ay ku jirto meesha ugu badan ee la dego, dhererka sawirka shayga waa 2 x 1 cm = 2 cm.
(b) Weynaynta xagasha (M) ee muraayadda weynaynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = Ma / f
M = (25 cm / 25 cm)
M = 1
M = 1 jeer
Cabbirka shay marka lagu eego muraayad weyneysada halkaas oo isha ugu yaraan ay ku habboon tahay waa la mid ah cabbirka shayga marka si toos ah looga eego meesha ugu dhow isha.
3. Dhererka shay marka laga eego meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah waa 1 cm. Xisaabi dhererka sawirka marka lagu arko muraayad weyneysa oo leh dherer diiradda saaraya 10 cm marka: (a) isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay, (b) isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay.
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka shayga (h) = 1 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada (f) = 10 cm
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm
Jawaab:
(a) Dhererka hooska shayga marka isha ay ugu badan tahay
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay:
M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1
M = (25 cm / 10 cm) + 1
M = 2,5 + 1
M = 3,5 jeer
Dhererka hooska shayga marka la eego iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayad weynaynaysa marka isha ay ugu badnaan ku habboon tahay = 3,5 x 1 cm = 3,5 cm
(b) Dhererka hooska shayga marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = Ma jiro/f
M = 25 cm / 10 cm
M = 2,5 jeer
Dhererka hooska shayga marka la eego iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayad weynaynaysa marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay = 2,5 x 1 cm = 2,5 cm
4. Ardaygu wuxuu isticmaalaa muraayad weynayn si uu u daawado shay. Marka isha ardaygu ay ugu yaraan la jaanqaado, shaygu wuxuu la kulmaa weynayn xagal 5x ah. Haddii barta u dhow isha caadiga ah ay tahay 25 cm, waa maxay dhererka muraayadda weynayntu?
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Weyneynta xagasha (M) = 5 jeer
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm
La weydiiyay: Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda weyneysada
Jawaab:
Qaacidada loogu talagalay weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = Ma jiro/f
5 = 25 cm / f
f = 25 cm / 5
f = 5 cm
Dhererka muraayadda weyneysada waa 5 cm.
5. Kaneecada waxaa arkaya qof haysta muraayad weyneysa oo dhererkeedu yahay 15 cm. Haddii masaafada akhriska caadiga ah ee qofku ay tahay 30 cm, markaa weyneynta ugu badan ee muraayadda weyneysa waa...
A. 1,5 jeer
B. 2,0 jeer
C. 3,0 jeer
D. 4,0 jeer
E. 4,5 jeer
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 30 cm
Dhererka muraayadda weyneysada (f) = 15 cm (togan sababtoo ah muraayadda weyneysada waa muraayad qaloocan)
La weydiiyay: Weyneynta ugu badan ee muraayadda weyneysada
Jawaab:
Weynaynta ugu badan waxay dhacdaa marka isha ay ku jirto ugu badnaan. Weynaynta xagasha muraayadda weynaynta marka isha ay ku jirto ugu badnaan:
M = (Ma jiro/f) + 1
M = (30 cm / 15 cm) + 1
M = 2 + 1
M = 3 jeer
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
6. Muraayad weyneysa oo leh awood 20 diopters ah ayaa uu isticmaalaa qof daawanaya oo leh masaafada akhriska caadiga ah ee 25 cm. Haddii indha-indheynta lagu sameeyo iyadoo isha aysan la jaanqaadi karin, weyneynta ka dhalata waa…
A. 2 jeer
B. 4 jeer
C. 5 jeer
D. 6 jeer
E. 8 jeer
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Barta u dhow isha caadiga ah (N) = 25 cm
Awoodda muraayadda weyneysa (P) = 20 diopters
La weydiiyay: Weyneynta ugu yar ee muraayadda weyneysada
Jawaab:
Dhererka diiradda ee weyneeyaha:
P = 1/f
20 = 1/f
f = 1/20 = 0,05 mitir = 5 cm
Weyneynta xagasha muraayadda weyneynta marka isha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon tahay:
M = Ma / f
M = (25 cm / 5 cm)
M = 5 jeer
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
7. Haddii aan aragno shay isticmaalaya muraayad weyneysa oo isha ku haysa meesha ugu badan ee la dejin karo, markaas booska saxda ah ee shaygu waa...
Dood
Hoyga indhuhu waa hagaajinta dhererka diiradda muraayadda Indhaha. Si si cad loogu arko walxaha masaafooyin kala duwan u jira isha, muruqyada indhaha (muruqyada ciliary) waxay beddelaan qalooca muraayadda, iyagoo beddelaya dhererka diiradda isha. Dhererka diiradda muraayadda ayaa isbeddela iyadoo ku xiran masaafada shayga iyo isha. Si loo arko walxaha fog, muruqyada isha ayaa nasta, iyagoo khafiifiya muraayadda oo sameeya sawirka shayga si toos ah ugu yaal isha. Marka muruqyada indhuhu dabacsan yihiin ama ay fudud yihiin, indhuhu si yar ayay u qaabilaan.
Taas beddelkeeda, si loo arko walxaha isku dhow, muruqyada indhuhu way isku ururaan, iyagoo dhumucaya muraayadda, gaabinaya dhererka diiradda, iyo sawirka gadaasha barta diiradda (retina). Masaafada ugu dhow ee isha ee isha ay diiradda saari karto waxaa loo yaqaan barta u dhow. Qofka caadiga ah ee aadanuhu wuxuu leeyahay meel u dhow 25 cm. Marka isha ay diiradda saarto shay meel u dhow (25 cm), isha ayaa si ugu badan u qabsanaysa.
Cabbirka shay aan aragno wuxuu ku xiran yahay xagasha uu shaygu ku sameeyo indhaheenna. Walxaha fog fog waxay sameeyaan xagal yar oo ay ku sameeyaan indhaheenna, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay u muuqdaan kuwo yar, inkastoo ay dhab ahaantii weyn yihiin. Taas bedelkeeda, walxaha u dhow indhaheenna waxay sameeyaan xagal weyn, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay u muuqdaan kuwo weyn. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa jira laba dhagax oo isku cabbir ah, mid ka mid ah waa 50 cm indhaheenna iyo kan kale waa 100 cm indhaheenna. Dhagaxyadu waa isku cabbir, laakiin maadaama masaafada u dhaxaysa ay ka duwan tahay, dhagaxa 50 cm indhaheenna waa labanlaab ka weyn dhagaxa 100 cm indhaheenna. Haddii aan rabno inaan si cad u aragno shay, waa inaan u soo dhoweynaa indhaheenna, masaafada ugu dhow ee ay indhaheenna weli si cad u arki karaan waa 25 cm. Ka waran haddii, ka dib markii aan shayga u soo dhoweyno indhaheenna ilaa masaafada 25 cm, indhaheenna weli si cad uma arki karaan? Tusaale ahaan, xarfaha aad u yar, xitaa haddii loo soo dhawaado masaafada 25 cm, indhaheenna si cad uma arki karaan. Si looga gudbo dhibaatadan, waxaa loo baahan yahay muraayad weyneysa ama loupe.
Muraayad weyneyn fudud ama weyneyn waxay dhab ahaantii ka kooban tahay laba muraayadood oo isku dheggan, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan muraayadaha isku dheggan, labada dusha sare. Noocan muraayadda waxaa loo yaqaan muraayad laba-laaban oo isku dheggan. Muraayad weyneyn ah ayaa noo ogolaaneysa inaan walxaha u dhigno meel u dhow indhaheenna, taasoo abuureysa xagal daawasho oo weyn. Si isha ay ugu habboonaato si yar ama u nasato, sawirka shaygu waa inuu ahaadaa mid aan dhammaad lahayn. Tani waxay dhici kartaa haddii shaygu si toos ah ugu yaalo barta dhexe ee muraayadda weyneyneysa, sida ku cad jawaabta C. Taas beddelkeeda, haddii isha ay si weyn ugu habboon tahay, sawirku waa inuu ahaadaa masaafo ugu yaraan 25 cm u jirta isha. Tani waxay dhici kartaa haddii shaygu ku jiro barta dhexe ee muraayadda weyneyneysa, sida ku cad jawaabta D.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
Isha su'aasha:
Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Fiisigiska ee Dugsiga Sare/Dugsiga Sare ee Xirfadda
