# Tsananguro yeSociology Sekureva kweNyanzvi
Sociology ibazi resainzi yemagariro evanhu rinodzidza nzanga, maitiro evanhu, uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwevanhu. Kuvapo kwesociology sechidzidzo kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kuti vanhu vanobatana sei uye kuti maumbirwo emagariro evanhu anokanganisa sei zviito zvemunhu. Nyanzvi dzine maonero akasiyana-siyana pakutsanangura sociology. Pazasi, tichaongorora tsananguro dzesociology zvichienderana nenyanzvi dzakawanda dzakakurumbira.
## 1. Auguste Comte
Auguste Comte, anozivikanwa sa "Baba veSociology," ndiye akatanga izwi rekuti sociology muzana remakore rechi19. Sekureva kwaComte, sociology idzidzo yenharaunda ichishandisa nzira imwe chete yesainzi nesainzi yechisikigo. Aitenda kuti nharaunda inokura kuburikidza nematanho matatu: ezvechitendero, metaphysical, uye akanaka. Ndiko mudanho iri rakanaka apo sainzi inoita basa guru mukunzwisisa zviitiko zvemagariro evanhu kuburikidza nekucherechedza, kuyedza, nedzimwe nzira dzesainzi.
## 2. Émile Durkheim
Émile Durkheim, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuFrance, aive mumwe wevakatanga kufambira mberi mukusimudzira sociology senzira yedzidzo yakazvimirira. Sekureva kwaDurkheim, sociology kudzidza kwechokwadi chemagariro evanhu, kureva nzira dzekufunga, manzwiro, uye maitiro ari kunze kwemunhu asi aine simba guru rekumanikidza. Durkheim akatangawo pfungwa yeanomie, mamiriro ayo tsika dzemagariro evanhu dzinova dzisina kujeka kana kuti dzisipo, izvo zvinowanzoitika panguva yekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu nekukurumidza.
## 3. Max Weber
Max Weber, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuGermany, akatanga nzira yakasiyana yezvemagariro evanhu. Weber akaona sociology sesainzi inoedza kunzwisisa chiito chemagariro evanhu kuburikidza nekududzira zvinoreva vanhu pachavo zvavanoita. Weber akatarisa pakuti zviito zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe zvinopesvedzerwa sei netsika nemaitiro ehupfumi. Mupiro mukuru waWeber waive dzidziso yake yehukama huripo pakati pehutongi hwehupfumi netsika dzechiPurotesitendi.
## 4. Karl Marx
Karl Marx, kunyangwe achizivikanwa semuzivi uye nyanzvi yezvehupfumi, aivewo nemaonero akasimba pamusoro pezvemagariro evanhu. Sekureva kwaMarx, zvemagariro evanhu anodzidza hukama hwevanhu hunobva mumaitiro ekugadzira zvinhu munharaunda. Marx akaona kusawirirana kwevanhu senzira huru yekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu. Akasimbisa kuti chimiro chehupfumi munharaunda ndicho chinonyanya kusarudza mamiriro emagariro evanhu, ezvematongerwo enyika, uye epfungwa.
## 5. Georg Simmel
Georg Simmel, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuGermany, akapa mipiro yakakosha mukuongorora kudyidzana kwevanhu. Sekureva kwaSimmel, sociology idzidzo yemhando dzemagariro evanhu, kana maitiro ekudyidzana anobuda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Akaongorora misoro yakaita sekukakavadzana, kutonga, uye daro revanhu, uye kuti zvinopesvedzera sei mafambiro emagariro evanhu.
## 6. Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuAmerica, ndiye akatanga dzidziso yesimba rekuvaka mafambiro emabasa. Sekureva kwaParsons, sociology idzidzo yemaitiro evanhu nemaitiro avo uye kuti vanowana sei kuenzana kuburikidza nenzira dzekugadzirisa, kuwana zvinangwa, kubatanidzwa, uye kugadzirisa kusagadzikana. Parsons aiona nzanga sehurongwa hwakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvinoenderana zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kurongeka.
## 7. Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuFrance, akapa mipiro yakakosha mukunzwisisa mashandiro emagariro evanhu kuburikidza nepfungwa dzakadai sekugara, mari yemagariro evanhu, uye munda. Sekureva kwaBourdieu, sociology idzidzo yekuti simba nemikana yemagariro evanhu inogoverwa uye inochengetwa sei munharaunda. Akasimbisa kuti chiito chemagariro evanhu chinopesvedzerwa nemamiriro evanhu munharaunda uye maumbirwo emagariro avo.
## 8. Anthony Giddens
Anthony Giddens, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuBritain, anozivikanwa nedzidziso yake yekuumbwa kwezvinhu, iyo inoedza kubatanidza hunhu nechimiro mukunzwisisa chiito chemagariro evanhu. Sekureva kwaGiddens, sociology idzidzo yekuti maumbirwo emagariro evanhu nevanhu vanomiririra mumwe nemumwe vanoumba sei uye vanopesvedzerana. Giddens akasimbisa kuti chiito chemunhu hachigone kunzwisiswa chete kuburikidza nekuongorora maumbirwo emagariro evanhu kana zvinhu zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe.
## 9. Robert K. Merton
Robert K. Merton, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuAmerica, akapa mipiro yakakosha mudzidziso yekushanda uye kusashanda zvakanaka. Sekureva kwaMerton, sociology idzidzo yekushanda zvakanaka uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwevanhu uye kuti zviitiko zvakasiyana zvemagariro evanhu zvinoita sei kuchengetedza kana kukanganisa kuenzana kwevanhu. Akasumawo pfungwa dzebasa rinoonekwa (basa rakarongwa) uye basa rakavanda (basa risingatarisirwi).
## 10. Herbert Spencer
Herbert Spencer, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuBritain, akashandisa fananidzo dzezvehupenyu kuti agadzire dzidziso dzake nezvemagariro evanhu. Sekureva kwaSpencer, magariro evanhu idzidzo yekushanduka-shanduka kwemagariro evanhu, ayo aakaona sezvinhu zvinokura kubva pamhando dziri nyore kusvika kune dzakaoma. Spencer aitenda kuti nheyo dzaDarwin, dzakadai sekusarudza kwechisikigo uye kupona kwevakasimba, dzinoshandawo mukukura kwevanhu.
## Mhedziso
Sesainzi yemagariro evanhu, sociology inoita basa rakakosha mukunzwisisa nekuongorora maitiro evanhu, maumbirwo evanhu, uye mashandiro emagariro evanhu munharaunda. Tsananguro dzakasiyana-siyana nemaonero anopiwa nenyanzvi zvinoratidza kuti sociology inyanzvi yakaoma zvikuru uye ine mativi akawanda. Nyanzvi yega yega inounza nzira yakasiyana inobatsira kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu zviitiko zvemagariro evanhu. Nekunzwisisa maonero evaya vakasiyana-siyana vesociology, tinogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakura uye rwakadzama pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanobatana sei uye kuti nzanga dzinochinja sei nekufamba kwenguva.
Mukuita, sociology inoramba ichikura uye ichichinja zvinoenderana nenguva dzinochinja. Tsvagiridzo itsva nedzidziso dzinogara dzichibuda, dzichipa maonero matsva uye akakosha pamusoro pezviitiko zvemagariro evanhu. Nokudaro, sociology haisi chishandiso chakakosha kune vadzidzi nevaongorori chete, asiwo kune vanoita mitemo, masangano emunharaunda, nevanhu vari kutsvaga kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko emagariro evanhu akavapoteredza.
