Midziyo Inorema Inoshandiswa Mukuchera Marasha
Kuchera marasha iindasitiri ine basa guru mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa nesimba pasi rose. Maitiro ekuchera marasha anoda michina yakasiyana-siyana inorema kuti ibudise, ifambise, uye igadzire marasha kubva pasi. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mimwe yemidziyo mikuru inoshandiswa mumabasa ekuchera marasha nemabasa ayo.
1. Mucheri
Machera ndeimwe yemidziyo inorema inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inowanzoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana ekuchera, kusanganisira kuchera marasha . Mukuchera marasha, machera anoshandiswa kuchera nekufambisa zvinhu zvakawandisa pamwe chete nemarasha pachawo. Machera emazuva ano anowanzo shongedzerwa nema hydraulic systems, zvichibvumira kufamba kwakanyanya uye kudzora kwakarurama.
Mhando dzeVacheri
– Foshoro Yekuchera: Ine ruoko rurefu uye bhaketi hombe inoshandiswa kuchera zvinhu zvakawanda.
– Dragline Excavator: Inoshandiswa pakuchera zvakadzama uye zvakanyanya, dragline excavator ine tambo hombe yewaya inodhonza bhaketi kuti ichere.
2. Bulldozer
Bulldozer chishandiso chinorema chinoshandiswa kufambisa ivhu rakawanda, matombo, nezvimwe zvinhu. Chine ndiro hombe yesimbi pamberi iyo inogona kufambiswa yakatwasuka uchishandisa hydraulic system. Mabulldozer anonyanya kubatsira mumabasa ekuchera marasha pakuchenesa nzvimbo dzebasa, kuenzana, uye kubvisa zvinhu zvakawandisa (ivhu kana dombo rinofukidza marasha).
Mabasa eMabulldozer muMigodhi yeMarasha:
– Kuchenesa nekugadzirira ivhu mabasa ekuchera migodhi asati atanga.
- Inobatsira mukugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakacherwa.
– Kuchera nekubvisa zvinhu zvakawandisa kuti marasha asvike.
3. Muchina wekutakura mavhiri
Chinotakurisa mavhiri mudziyo unorema unoshandiswa kutakurisa zvinhu zvakaita sevhu, matombo, uye marasha mumarori kana dzimwe nzira dzekufambisa. Chinotakurisa mavhiri chine simba rakasiyana rekutakura mabhaketi, zvichienderana nehukuru uye muenzaniso wemuchina.
Kushandiswa kweWheel Loaders muMigodhi:
– Kutakura marasha kubva nzvimbo yekuchera migodhi kunzvimbo yekugadzirisa kana kumotokari yekutakura.
– Zvinhu zvinofamba zvakacherwa nemuchina wekuchera kana kuti bulldozer.
– Kuisa marasha pamabhandi ekufambisa kana mamwe masisitimu ekufambisa.
4. Rori reMarara
Rori remarara imotokari hombe inoshandiswa kutakura zvinhu zvakacherwa kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe. Mukuchera marasha, marori emarasha anoshandiswa kutakura marasha kubva panzvimbo yekuchera kuenda kunzvimbo dzekuchengetera kana nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa marasha.
Mhando dzeMarori Emarara:
– Rori reMarara ekumashure: Rakagadzirwa kuti ridururire zvinhu nekumashure kwerori.
– Rori reMarara Eparutivi: Rinogona kurasira zvinhu neparutivi rumwe rwerori, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvisarasike.
– Rori reMarara Pasi: Rine musuwo pasi wekurasira zvinhu, unowanzo shandiswa mumabasa anoda kuraswa nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.
5. Mucheri Anoramba Achienderera Mberi
Mugodhi wemugodhi unogara uchishandiswa mukuchera pasi pevhu kuti ubvise marasha pasina chikonzero chekuputisa. Une dhiramu rinotenderera rine mazino rinochera nekutema marasha kubva pamadziro emugodhi.
Zvakanakira zveMugodhi Anoenderera Mberi:
– Zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekuputitsa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakachengeteka.
– Inokwanisa kuchera marasha akawanda nguva dzose.
- Kushanda nesimba mumabasa ekuchera migodhi pasi pevhu.
6. Mucheri weLongwall
Mugodhi wemugodhi weLongwall chidimbu chemuchina unorema unoshandiswa mumigodhi yemarasha yeLongwall . Nzira iyi inosanganisira kubvisa mapaneru ese emarasha akareba kusvika mazana emamita. Mugodhi weLongwall une muchina wekucheka marasha unofamba uchitevedza madziro emarasha, pamwe nehurongwa hwe hydraulic shoring hunodzivirira denga remugodhi kuti risaputsike panguva yekushanda kwemugodhi.
Maitiro Ekushanda kweLongwall Miner:
– Marasha anochekwa nechishandiso chekucheka oendeswa nebhandi rekutakura zvinhu.
– Sisitimu yekutsigira hydraulic inobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti itsigire denga remugodhi risina chinhu mushure mekunge marasha abviswa.
– Denga remugodhi risina chinhu rakazobvumirwa kudonha nenzira yakadzorwa mushure mekunge sisitimu yekutsigira yabviswa.
7. Chigadziko cheDenga
Chigadziko chedenga chinhu chinorema chinoshandiswa kusimbisa matenga emugodhi ari pasi pevhu kudzivirira kudonha. Chishandiso ichi chinopinza mabhoti mudenga remugodhi wobva waasunga ne resin kana imwe nzira yekukiya.
Mashandisirwo eRoof Bolter:
- Kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwebasa mumigodhi yepasi pevhu.
– Kuderedza njodzi dzetsaona dzinokonzerwa nekudonha kwedenga remugodhi.
- Zvinoita kuti mabasa ekuchera migodhi afambe zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo.
8. Conveyor Belt System
Sisitimu yebhandi rekufambisa zvinhu (conveyor belt) inzira yekufambisa marasha inoshandiswa kutakura marasha kubva kunzvimbo dzekuchera kuenda kunzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu kana nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa marasha. Bhandi rekufambisa zvinhu rine bhandi rinofamba pamaroller akawanda, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvitakurwe nguva dzose uye nemazvo.
Zvakanakira Kushandisa Bhandi Rekutakura Zvinhu:
- Zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekutakura zvinhu zvine injini zvakaita semarori.
- Inopa nzira inoshanda uye inochengetedza nguva yekufambisa marasha.
- Kuderedza mari yekushandisa uye kukanganiswa kwekabhoni mukuchera marasha.
9. Chinopwanya Chinodya
Muchina wekudyara (feeder breaker) muchina unorema unoshandiswa kupwanya zvinhu zvikuru kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvinotakurika. Unowanzo shandiswa mumabasa ekuchera marasha pasi pevhu kubata marasha achangoburitswa.
Basa reKudyara Kwemuchina:
- Deredza kukura kwemarasha kuti zvive nyore kubata nemidziyo yekufambisa kana masisitimu ekutakura.
– Chengetedza nzvimbo yebasa nekuona kuti zvinhu hazviunganidzike zvikakonzera nyonganyonga yekushanda.
- Wedzera kushanda zvakanaka nzira yekuchera migodhi nekuona kuti marasha ayerera zvinoenderana uye zvinodzorwa.
Mhedziso
Kuchera marasha iindasitiri yakaoma inoda michina yakasiyana-siyana inorema kuti ishande zvakanaka uye zvakachengeteka. Kubva pakugadzira nekushandisa mabulldozer anoshandiswa pakufambisa ivhu, kusvika kumidziyo yakakosha yakaita sevashandi vekuchera vanoenderera mberi nevashandi vekuchera madziro marefu vakagadzirirwa kushanda pasi pevhu, chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chemidziyo chinoita basa rakasiyana mukuita kwekuchera. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, zvinotarisirwa kuti michina iyi inorema icharamba ichishanda zvakanaka, yakachengeteka, uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda mune ramangwana.
