Zvidzidzo zveMaitiro muKutungamira
Hunhu muhutungamiriri chinhu chakakosha chinoona kubudirira uye kugara kwenguva refu kwesangano. Hunhu hwehutungamiriri hahungori chete hunochengetedza kuvimbika kwekambani uye mukurumbira wayo asiwo hunokanganisa tsika dzevashandi, hukama hwevane chekuita nebhizinesi, uye kuvimba neveruzhinji. Chinyorwa chino chicharatidza mienzaniso yakati wandei yehunhu muhutungamiriri, kuongorora zvinorehwa nekutyorwa kwehunhu, uye kukurukura matanho anogona kutorwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ehutungamiriri ane hunhu.
1. Nyaya yeKubiridzira muAkaunti: Enron Scandal
Imwe yenyaya dzakakurumbira munhoroondo yemari ndeye nyaya yeEnron yakaitika pakutanga kwema2000. Enron, kambani yemagetsi iri kuTexas, yakashandisa nzira dzekugadzira accounting kuviga mabhiriyoni emadhora muchikwereti kubva mumabhuku ekambani.
Migumisiro Yetsika
– Kubiridzira uye Kusatendeseka: Vakuru veEnron vakanyengedza vane migove, vashandi, nevanoisa mari nekupa mishumo yemari yenhema.
– Kuparadzwa Kwemari: Kubhuroka kweEnron kwakaita kuti zviuru zvevashandi zvirasikirwe nemabasa uye zviuru zvevane masheya zvirasikirwe nekudyara mari.
- Zvidzidzo zveIndasitiri: Nyaya iyi yakakonzera shanduko huru mumabasa ekuverenga mabhuku uye kutarisirwa kwemakambani, kusanganisira kuiswa kweSarbanes-Oxley Act yakanangana nekusimbisa kujeka uye kuzvidavirira mumishumo yemari.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa
Masangano anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mabasa avo ekuverenga akajeka uye ane mutoro. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakazvimirira, kudzidziswa kwemitemo yemari yevashandi, uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutarisira anoshanda.
2. Kushungurudzwa Kubasa: Nyaya yeUber
Muna 2017, mushumo wakaburitswa neaimbove mainjiniya weUber Susan Fowler wakaburitsa pachena tsika yekambani yaikurudzira kushungurudzwa pabonde uye rusarura rwevakadzi. Izvi zvakakonzera kuferefetwa kwemukati uye kusiya basa kwemukuru wekambani, Travis Kalanick.
Migumisiro Yetsika
– Nzvimbo Yebasa Isina Kuchengetedzwa: Kusatorwa kwematanho ekurwisa kushungurudzwa pabonde nekusarura kunoita kuti nzvimbo yebasa ive isina kuchengetedzeka uye isina kururama.
– Mukurumbira weKambani: Zviito zvisina hunhu zvinoguma nekukanganisa kukuru mukurumbira wekambani nechiratidzo chayo mumaziso everuzhinji.
– Tsika dzevashandi: Vashandi vanonzwa vasina kuchengeteka kana kusakosheswa vanowanzo rasikirwa nekukurudzira uye mashandiro, izvo zvinokanganisa kugona kwekambani.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa
– Mutemo weKusashivirira: Makambani anofanira kuva nemutemo wakasimba wekurwisa marudzi ese ekushungurudzwa nekusarura, uye kupa nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzakavanzika dzevashandi kuti vataure nezvekutyorwa kwemitemo.
- Kudzidziswa neDzidzo: Kuenderera mberi nedzidzo nezvetsika dzebasa nekudzidziswa kwekugadzirisa nyaya idzi dzakakomba kwakakosha pakugadzira tsika yekambani inosanganisira vese uye yakachengeteka.
3. Maitiro eMonopolistic: Nyaya yeMicrosoft
Mukupera kwema1990, Microsoft yakabatanidzwa munyaya yekurwisa kusavimbika nehurumende yeUnited States. Kambani iyi yakapomerwa mhosva yekuedza kudzora musika wesoftware nekumanikidza vatengesi vemakomputa kuti vagovane Internet Explorer neWindows operating system yavo.
Migumisiro Yetsika
– Makwikwi Asina Kururama: Maitiro ebhizinesi anodzivisa makwikwi anogona kukuvadza vatengi uye kudzvinyirira hunyanzvi kubva kumakambani anokwikwidzana.
– Kushandisa Simba Zvisina Kunaka: Makambani makuru anoshandisa chinzvimbo chavo kudzvinyirira vakwikwidzi vadiki chiito chisina kunaka uye anogona kugadzira hurongwa hwebhizinesi husina kuenzana.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa
– Mutemo uye Kutevedzera Mutemo: Mabhizinesi anofanira kutevedzera mitemo yekupikisa kutengeserana uye kukurudzira makwikwi akakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira kujeka mukushanda uye kudzivirira kushandisa nzira dzebhizinesi zvakanyanya.
– Kutarisirwa Kwemukati: Kuongororwa kwemukati uye kuongororwa kwemaitiro ebhizinesi nguva nenguva kunogona kubatsira kuona nekudzivirira maitiro asina kunaka.
4. Kusawirirana Kwezvido: Nyaya yeTheranos
Theranos, kambani yezvehutano yakavambwa naElizabeth Holmes, yakatarisana nemhosva dzekubiridzira mushure mekunge zvabuda pachena kuti tekinoroji yayo yekuongorora ropa yakanga isingashande sezvakashambadzirwa. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kusawirirana kwezvido mukati mevatungamiriri kwakaedza kunyengera vanoisa mari neveruzhinji.
Migumisiro Yetsika
– Kuchengetedzwa Kweveruzhinji: Tekinoroji yehutano isina kusimbiswa inogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere.
– Investor Trust: Kunyengera vanoisa mari nekupa ruzivo rwenhema kana rusina kutsausa nezvezvigadzirwa zvekambani kutyora zvakanyanya tsika dzebhizinesi.
– Kuzvidavirira: Kusava nekuzvidavirira muhutungamiriri kune mhedzisiro yakaipa pakuenderera mberi kwekambani pamwe nemukurumbira webazi rezvemaindasitiri.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa
– Kujeka Kwechigadzirwa: Zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa zvakakwana uye kuongororwa zvisati zvatangwa. Zvakakosha kutaurirana pachena kune vane chekuita nechigadzirwa nezve mamiriro acho uye kugona kwacho.
– Kuongorora neKutarisa: Makambani anofanirwa kuva nenzira dzekutarisira kudzivirira ruzivo rwakashata uye kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwemishumo yavo.
5. Kusvibiswa Kwezvakatipoteredza: Nyaya Yekudururwa Kwemafuta eBP
Muna 2010, kuputika kwakaitika paBritish Petroleum's (BP) Deepwater Horizon oil rig kwakakonzera kudonha kukuru kwemafuta muGulf of Mexico, zvichikonzera imwe yenjodzi dzakaipa zvikuru dzezvakatipoteredza munhoroondo.
Migumisiro Yetsika
– Kukuvadzwa Kwezvakatipoteredza: Kudonha kwemafuta kunokonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza zvemugungwa nemhuka dzesango, uye kunotyisidzira hutano hwevanhu vanogara pedyo nenzvimbo dzakakanganiswa.
– Mutoro Wevanhu: Kukundikana kweBP kudzivirira chiitiko ichi kunoratidza kusaremekedza mutoro wekambani wevanhu mukuchengetedza nharaunda.
Matanho Ekugadzirisa
– Kugadzirisa Zvakasimba uye Kutarisira: Makambani anofanirwa kuona kuti mabasa avo anosangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa nguva nenguva.
– Kukurumidza Kupindura: Kugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kunogona kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa.
Mhedziso
Nyaya dziri pamusoro apa dzinoratidza kukosha kwetsika mukutungamira kwebhizinesi uye kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kana kutyorwa kwetsika, mukati nekunze. Makambani anokundikana kutevedzera mitemo yetsika anogona kusangana nemigumisiro yakakomba, kusanganisira kurasikirwa nemari, kukuvara kwemukurumbira, uye kurasikirwa nekuvimba kwevane chekuita netsika. Saka, kushandisa mitemo yetsika, kutarisa kwakasimba, kudzidziswa kuri kuenderera mberi, uye kujekesa mashandiro matanho akakosha ekudzivirira kutyorwa kwetsika uye kuvaka tsika yekuvimbika kwekambani.
Nekunzwisisa nekudzidza kubva muzvidzidzo izvi, vatungamiriri vemasangano vanogona kuziva zvakanyanya kukosha kwetsika dzakanaka muzvinhu zvese zvavanoita pakusarudza. Kuvimbika uye kuzvipira kutsika dzekutarisira tsika dzakanaka ndiyo hwaro hwakakosha hwekubudirira kwenguva refu uye kugadzikana kwebhizinesi.
