Musiyano uripo pakati pemwenje yeIncandescent nemwenje ye LED
Munyika yemwenje yemazuva ano, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwatiunzira sarudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemwenje dzinoshanda uye dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda. Mhando mbiri dzemwenje dzinowanzo kurukurwa uye kuenzaniswa mwenje we incandescent nemwenje unoburitsa chiedza (LED). Imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwakasiyana, mashandisirwo akasiyana, uye zvakanakira nezvakaipira. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mutsauko uripo pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzemwenje zvakadzama, kusanganisira kushandisa simba zvakanaka, hupenyu hwemwenje, mutengo, uye kukanganisa nharaunda.
Nhoroondo uye Nheyo dzeKushanda
Barubhu remwenje rinopenya nderimwe remhando dzekare dzemwenje, rakagadzirwa naThomas Edison mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Rinoshanda zviri nyore: magetsi anoyerera nepamuchina wetungsten uri mukati mebarabhu regirazi, achipisa jira kusvika rapenya uye raburitsa chiedza. Mabarabhu anopenya anozivikanwa nechiedza chawo chinodziya, chechisikigo, chinofanana nechiedza chezuva kana moto.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mwenje dze LED itekinoroji itsva, yave kufarirwa zvikuru mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Ma LED anogadzira chiedza kuburikidza nema semiconductors anoburitsa ma photon kana magetsi ashandiswa. Mwenje we LED unobva musimba rema electron achifamba kubva kune rimwe band resimba kuenda kune rimwe muzvinhu zvakasiyana zve semiconductor, maitiro anozivikanwa se electroluminescence. Tekinoroji ye LED inoramba ichichinja, ichigadzira mwenje inoshanda zvakanyanya, inogara kwenguva refu, uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana.
Efisiensi Energi
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kusiyanisa pakati pemabara eincandescent nema LED ndechekuti magetsi haashande zvakanaka. Mabara eincandescent anozivikanwa nekusashanda zvakanaka; ingangoita 10% chete yesimba remagetsi rinopihwa kwavari rinoshandurwa kuita chiedza chinoonekwa, nepo mamwe ese—anenge 90%—anoraswa sekupisa. Nokudaro, mabara eincandescent haangoparadzi simba chete asiwo anoburitsa kupisa kwakawanda, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemumba.
Kusiyana neizvi, marambi e LED anoshanda zvakanyanya. Ma LED anogona kushandura angangoita 80-90% yesimba kuita chiedza chinoonekwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti marambi e LED anoshandisa simba shoma pane marambi e incandescent kuti abudise chiedza chakafanana. Kushanda zvakanaka uku hakungoderedzi mari yesimba chete asiwo kunoderedza kudziyisa mumba, zvichiita kuti ave sarudzo isingakuvadzi nharaunda uye isingadhuri yekushandisa kwenguva refu.
Hupenyu hweRambi
Mumwe musiyano mukuru pakati pemabarabhu eincandescent ne LED ndewehupenyu hwawo. Mabarabhu eincandescent anogara kwenguva pfupi, anowanzogara pakati pemaawa 750 ne2.000 tambo isati yapwanyika uye girobhu risati rapera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mababu eincandescent anoda kutsiviwa kakawanda, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa nekutsiva.
Kusiyana neizvi, mwenje dze LED dzinogara kwenguva refu, dzinogara maawa 25.000 kusvika 50.000 kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nemhando uye mashandisirwo adzo. Nekuti ma LED haana tambo yekupwanya, anogara kwenguva refu. Mutengo wakaderera wekutsiva mwenje dze LED unoita kuti dzive dzakachipa kwenguva refu uye unoderedza marara emagetsi.
Mutengo
Kunyange hazvo mutengo wekutanga wemabarabhu eincandescent wakaderera pane wemabarabhu eLED, kuverenga mutengo wehupenyu hwese kunofanirawo kufunga nezvekushandisa simba zvakanaka uye hupenyu hwemarambi. Mabarabhu eLED, pasinei nemutengo wakakwira wekutenga, achakuchengetera mari yakawanda munguva refu nekuda kwekushandiswa kwawo kwesimba shoma uye hupenyu hwakareba. Mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu inobva mukushandiswa kwesimba shoma uye kusachinja-chinja kana kugadzirisa nguva nenguva.
Hunhu hweChiedza
Mabarabhu anopenya anozivikanwa nekudziya kwawo uye kunaka kwechiedza, kazhinji anoyerwa nekupisa kwemavara kweinenge 2700K (Kelvin). Mwenje uyu unotevedzera chiedza chechisikigo uye unoita kuti zvinhu zvakatenderedza zviite sechisikigo. Mwenje unopenya unewo chiratidzo chekuburitsa mavara chakakwirira (CRI), chinosvika zana, zvichireva kuti unogona kuratidza mavara ezvinhu nemazvo.
Kusiyana neizvi, mwenje dze LED dzinogona kugadzira tembiricha dzakasiyana-siyana dzemavara, kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya (kusvika 2700K) kusvika pakutonhora zvakanyanya (kupfuura 6000K). Uyezve, tekinoroji ye LED yafambira mberi zvekuti zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zve LED zvino zvinopa maCRI akakwira, zvichisvika kune mwenje ye incandescent. Kusiyana uku kwekupisa kwemavara kunobvumira mwenje dze LED kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo emwenje kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nevashandisi uye zvavanoda.
Environmental Impact
Mabarabhu anopenya, nekuda kwekusashandisa simba rakawanda uye hupenyu hupfupi, ane simba guru kune nharaunda. Kushandiswa kwemagetsi akawanda kunoreva kuti zvinodiwa zvakawanda kuti pave nesimba, zvichizowedzera kuburitswa kwemagasi anodziya pasi uye kusvibiswa kwenharaunda. Uyezve, hupenyu hwavo hupfupi hunoguma nemarara akawanda emagetsi anoda kutarisirwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, marambi e LED haakuvadzi nharaunda zvakanyanya. Kushandiswa kwawo kwemagetsi mashoma kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwecarbon uye kudiwa kwesimba. Kurarama kwawo kwenguva refu kunorevawo kudzikira kukuru kwemarara emagetsi. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zve LED hazvinawo zvinhu zvine njodzi senge mercury, iyo inowanzo kuwanikwa mumarambi e fluorescent.
Kusiyana-siyana kweKushandiswa
Marambi anopenya anowanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvinoda chiedza chinodziya, chechisikigo, zvakaita sedzimba, maresitorendi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoda chiedza chakasiyana. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekusashandisa simba rakawanda uye hupenyu hupfupi, kushandiswa kwawo kuri kudzikira.
Kusiyana neizvi, mwenje dze LED dzinoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Dzakakodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumwenje wemumba, weindasitiri, wekutengeserana, uye wemumugwagwa kusvika kumwenje wekurapa kana wekurima. Ma LED anogonawo kuchinjwa kuita maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana uye saizi uye anoenderana nehunyanzvi hwemwenje, zvichiita kuti ave sarudzo inochinjika uye yeramangwana.
Mhedziso
Kazhinji, mababu e incandescent ne LED ane musiyano mukuru unoita kuti akwanise mamiriro akasiyana siyana. Mababu e incandescent anopa chiedza chinodziya, chepanyama, asi nekuda kwekusashanda nesimba kwakaderera uye hupenyu hupfupi. Kusiyana neizvi, mababu e LED anopa simba risingawanzoonekwi, hupenyu hurefu, uye kuchinjika kukuru mukushandiswa kwemwenje yemazuva ano.
Sarudzo pakati pemabarabhu eincandescent nee LED inoenderana nezvinodiwa, mhando yemwenje, uye mitengo uye nharaunda. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mababu e LED anoita seasarudzo yepamusoro kune vazhinji vari kutsvaga mhinduro yemwenje inoshanda, inogara kwenguva refu, uye inogara kwenguva refu.
