Mashandiro Emwenje yeIncandescent
Rambi reincandescent, rinozivikanwawo segirobhu rechiedza kana kuti girobhu rekare reincandescent, ndeimwe yezvinhu zvitsva zvikuru munhoroondo yetekinoroji yemwenje. Rambi iri rakatangwa muzana remakore rechi19, rakachinja mararamiro evanhu nekushanda kwavo nekupa chiedza chekugadzira chiri nyore kuwana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mashandiro anoita rambi reincandescent, kubva pamisimboti yaro yekutanga kusvika kuzvinhu zvikuru zvinoita kuti rishande.
Nhoroondo Pfupi yeRambi reIncandescent
Baru remwenje rinopenya rakatanga kugadzirwa naThomas Alva Edison muna 1879. Kunyange zvazvo Edison achiwanzonzi ndiye akagadzira chigadzirwa ichi, vamwe vagadziri vazhinji pasi rose vakagadzira pfungwa dzakafanana kwemakore apfuura. Joseph Swan, musayendisiti wekuBritain, akagadzirawo bharu remwenje rinopenya panguva imwe chete naEdison. Zvisinei, bharu remwenje raEdison raionekwa serinoshanda uye risina mari yakawanda pakugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, nokudaro richiwana mukurumbira mukuru.
Nheyo dzekutanga dzemwenje dzinopenya
Pakati pegirobhu remwenje rinopenya pane musimboti uri nyore: kupfuudza magetsi kuburikidza newaya yakatetepa, kana kuti filament, iyo inobva yapisa kusvika yapenya. Maitiro aya anokonzerwa nekusagona kwemagetsi—kana magetsi achipinda nepachinhu chine kusagona, simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekupisa.
Filament inoshandiswa mumabarabhu anopenya inowanzogadzirwa netungsten, simbi ine nzvimbo yakanyanya kunyunguduka inosvika 3422 degrees Celsius (6192 degrees Fahrenheit). Kana filament yetungsten ikapiswa nemagetsi, inoburitsa chiedza munzira inozivikanwa se'incandescence'.
Zvikamu zveMarambi eIncandescent
Kuti unzwisise mashandiro anoita rambi re incandescent, zvakakosha kuziva zvikamu zvikuru zvegirobhu:
1. Filament: Sepakati perambi rinopisa, filament iyi iwaya yakatetepa yakagadzirwa netungsten. Kana magetsi akapinda nepafilament, anopisa uye anotanga kuburitsa chiedza.
2. Bhabhu reGirazi: Bhabhu rinoda dziviriro, uye izvi zvinopihwa nebhabhu regirazi rinoripoteredza. Bhabhu iri haringodziviriri bhabhu kubva mukukuvadzwa panyama chete asiwo rinobvisa bhabhu kubva kuokisijeni iri mumhepo. Kana bhabhu iri rikasangana neokisijeni, rinotsva uye rinoparara ipapo ipapo.
3. Gasi Risina Kushanda kana Vacuum: Mukati megirazi, shinda yakakomberedzwa negasi risina kusimba senge argon, kana dzimwe nguva shinda. Gasi risina kusimba rinoderedza kupwa kwemvura uye kufamba kwezvinhu kubva mushinda, izvo zvinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwerambi.
4. Maerekitiroti: Maerekitiroti ndiwo mapoinzi anobatanidza shinda kune simba rekunze. Anobvumira magetsi kuti afambe neshinda.
5. Hwaro kana Soketi: Chikamu ichi chinobvumira rambi kubatanidzwa kune simba remagetsi. Hwaro hwemarambi hunowanzo gadzirwa nesimbi uye hunogona kuuya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye saizi kuti huenderane nemwenje yakasiyana-siyana.
Maitiro Ekushanda
Kana switch yabatidzwa, magetsi anoyerera nepakati pema electrodes opinda mu filament. Kuramba kuri mu filament kunoita kuti simba remagetsi rishandurwe kuita kupisa. Sezvo tembiricha ye filament ichikwira, inosvika panotanga kuburitsa chiedza chinooneka. Iyi ndiyo nzira huru yekushanda kwe light bulb — electric energy -> heat energy -> light energy.
Kushanda Nesimba uye Ruvara rweChiedza
Kunyange zvazvo mababu eincandescent achishanda zvakanyanya pakushandura simba remagetsi kuita chiedza kuburikidza nenzira iri nyore, haashande zvakanaka kana tichienzanisa netekinoroji yemazuva ano yemwenje yakaita sema LED nemarambi e fluorescent. Inenge 10% chete yesimba rinoshandiswa nebabu reincandescent ndiro rinoshandurwa kuita chiedza chinoonekwa; mamwe ose anorasika sekupisa. Izvi zvinoita kuti simba remababu eincandescent risashande zvakanaka.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiedza chinogadzirwa nemabarabhu anopenya kazhinji kacho chinodziya. Ruvara urwu rwechiedza, runozivikanwa se'kupisa kwemavara,' runoyerwa neKelvin. Mabarabhu anopenya anowanzova nekupisa kwemavara kweinenge 2700K, izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anogamuchira anowanzo shandiswa mumwenje yepamba.
Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa zveMarambi Emwenje Anopenya
Zvakawandisa:
1. Kureruka Kwekugadzira uye Mutengo Wakaderera: Marambi eIncandescent ari nyore kugadzira uye anowanzo kudhura kupfuura mamwe marudzi emarambi.
2. Hunhu hweChiedza: Marambi anopenya anogadzira chiedza chine mavara akanaka, zvichireva kuti anogadzira chiedza chakafanana zvikuru nezuva rechisikigo.
3. Inodzimwa: Marambi anopenya anogona kudzimwa nyore nyore uchishandisa dhayamita yenguva dzose, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emwenje.
Kushaya simba:
1. Kushanda Nesimba Kushoma: Simba guru rinoshandiswa nemagirobhu emagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa, kwete chiedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti harishande zvakanaka kupfuura matekinoroji emazuva ano emwenje akaita semaLED.
2. Nguva Pfupi Yehupenyu: Kazhinji, mababu eincandescent ane hupenyu hupfupi pane mababu e LED kana fluorescent. Avhareji yehupenyu hwebabu reincandescent inosvika maawa chiuru, nepo ma LED achigona kugara kusvika maawa zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu kana kupfuura.
3. Inononoka Kubatwa Nemaronda: Nekuti shinda yetungsten haina kusimba, marambi eincandescent anogona kukuvara kana kutotyoka kana akakuvadzwa kana kudedera.
Basa muNhoroondo neNharaunda
Marambi anopenya akaita basa guru munhoroondo yemazuva ano. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwawo uye kushandiswa kwawo kwose kwose, akaunza chiedza kunzvimbo dzepasi rose dzaimbovimba chete nemwenje yemakenduru kana marambi emafuta. Izvi zvakabvumira maawa akawanda ekushanda, kudzidza, uye mamwe mabasa, zvichibatsira zvakananga mukuwedzera kubereka uye kunaka kwehupenyu.
Mhedziso
Kunyangwe tekinoroji yemwenje ichiramba ichifambira mberi nekuuya kwema LED nemamwe marambi asingashandise simba zvakanyanya, girobhu re incandescent richiri chiratidzo chekuvandudza uye kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita mababu e incandescent, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kushanduka kwetekinoroji yemwenje uye simba rayo pahupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo aine zvipingamupinyi maererano nekushanda nesimba uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvakanakira zvemhando yechiedza uye nyore kwekugadzirwa kwakaita kuti mababu e incandescent ave chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo yemwenje yevanhu.
