Nhoroondo yeMarambi eFluorescent
Pendauluan
Mwenje yeFluorescent, inowanzopfupikiswa kuita mwenje yeTL kana machubhu emwenje, yaive imwe yenzira dzakakosha muhunyanzvi hwemwenje yezana remakore rechi20. Nekushandisa simba zviri nani kupfuura mwenje yechinyakare yeincandescent, mwenje yefluorescent yakaita mupiro wakakosha mukuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba pasi rose uye kuburitswa kwecarbon. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nhoroondo yemwenje yefluorescent, kubva pakugadzirwa kwayo kwekutanga kusvika pakukura kwayo kusvika kune tekinoroji yemwenje inowanzoshandiswa nhasi.
Nhoroondo Yekutanga
Ruzivo rwe fluorescence, chiitiko umo chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza mushure mekunwa simba, chave chiripo kwenguva yakareba. Muna 1852, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuBritain Sir George Stokes akatsanangura chiitiko ichi ndokugadzira izwi rekuti "fluorescence."
Zvisinei, pfungwa yekushandisa fluorescence sechiedza haina kumuka kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Muna 1904, musayendisiti anonzi Peter Cooper Hewitt akapa patent yedhizaini yekutanga, inozivikanwa serambi re mercury kana rambi re mercury-vapor. Mudziyo uyu waishandisa chubhu ye vacuum yakazadzwa ne mercury vapor, iyo, payakashandiswa nemagetsi, yaiburitsa mwenje webhuruu-girini. Kunyange zvazvo rambi iri raishanda zvakanaka, rakanga risingakodzeri kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva nekuda kwechiedza charo chidiki.
Kukura Kwepakutanga
Kuedza kuvandudza tekinoroji yemwenje ye fluorescent kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi. Mumakore ekuma1920 nekuma1930, kwakaitika zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemarambi e fluorescent. Mumwe munhu akakosha mukuedza uku aive Edmund Germer, mainjiniya wekuGerman. Germer, pamwe chete nevamwe vake Friedrich Meyer naHans Spanner, vakashanda parambi re fluorescent raishandisa phosphor coating kushandura chiedza che ultraviolet chinogadzirwa ne mercury vapor kuita chiedza chechisikigo.
Patent yavakaisa muna 1927 inoonekwa seimwe yenheyo dzetekinoroji yemazuva ano yemwenje ye fluorescent. Makambani makuru akaita seGeneral Electric muUnited States akatanga kuona mukana mukuru wekuwana uku uye akatanga kutsvaga nekuvandudza.
Kutengeserana uye Kuchinja
Kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemwenje ye fluorescent kwakaitika muma1930, Hondo Yenyika II yakaderedza kutengeserana kwayo. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba panguva yehondo, mwenje ye fluorescent yakatanga kutariswa zvakanyanya. Muna 1938, General Electric yakatanga rambi rekutanga re fluorescent rekutengeserana, iro rakatanga kugadzirwa nevanhu vakawanda.
Zvakanakira marambi e fluorescent panyaya yekushanda nesimba uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemarambi zvichienzaniswa nemarambi echinyakare e incandescent zvinoita kuti ave sarudzo yakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri nenzvimbo dzekushandira. Mahofisi, zvikoro, nemafekitori ari kutanga kutsiva marambi avo nemarambi e fluorescent, zvichiita kuti kudiwa kwezvinhu izvi kuwedzere.
Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva uye Kuvandudza
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, tsvakiridzo nekugadzirwa kwemwenje ye fluorescent zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi. Kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dze phosphors kwakabvumira mwenje ine chiedza chiri nani, chiri pedyo nechiedza chechisikigo. Muma1950 nema1960, mwenje ye fluorescent yakagadziriswa nemavara yakabuda. Mwenje iyi yakagadzirwa kuti ivandudze kuburitsa mavara kwaisambogutsa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera nzvimbo dzebasa nedzepamba.
Chimwe chinhu chitsva chakakosha chakaitwa kwaive kugadzirwa kwema "electronic ballasts". Ma "ballast" zvishandiso zvinodzora magetsi mumwenje ye fluorescent, uye aya ma "electronic ballasts" anoshanda zvakanyanya akatsiva ma "electromagnetic ballasts" ekare, asingashande zvakanaka.
Matambudziko Ezvakatipoteredza Nemitemo
Zvisinei, marambi e fluorescent ane gakava nematambudziko. Dambudziko guru rine marambi e fluorescent nderehuwandu hwe mercury. Mercury ikemikari ine chepfu inogona kukanganisa nharaunda kana ikasaraswa zvakanaka. Saka, kugadziriswa nekudzokororwa kwemarambi e fluorescent inyaya yakakosha.
Nekuwedzera kweruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza uye mitemo yakaoma, zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuderedza kukanganisa kwemwenje ye fluorescent zvakatipoteredza zvakatanga kushandiswa. Tekinoroji dzekugadzira dzakagadzirwa kuderedza huwandu hwe mercury mumwenje, ukuwo masisitimu ekugadzirisa zvinhu akavandudzwa akaunzwawo.
Remangwana reMwenje yeFluorescent
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemwenje, kunyanya kuuya kwetekinoroji ye LED (Light Emitting Diode), ramangwana remwenje ye fluorescent rinoita seriri kutarisana nematambudziko matsva. Ma LED anopa simba rakawanda uye hupenyu hurefu, uye haadi mercury, zvichiita kuti ave sarudzo isingakuvadzi nharaunda.
Pasinei neizvi, marambi e fluorescent achiri kukosha mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe marudzi emarambi e fluorescent, akadai se Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs), achiri kufarirwa mumwenje yemudzimba neyekutengeserana. Uyezve, marambi makuru e fluorescent achiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumwenje yemumaindasitiri neyekutengeserana.
Mhedziso
Nhoroondo yemwenje ye fluorescent inoratidza rwendo rurefu rwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemwenje, kubva papfungwa dzekutanga dze fluorescence kusvika pakugadzirwa kwerambi re mercury naPeter Cooper Hewitt, uye pakupedzisira kusvika pakugadzirwa kwerambi re fluorescent remazuva ano nevesainzi vakaita saEdmund Germer. Kunyange zvazvo mwenje ye fluorescent iri mhinduro yakakosha mumwenje yeindasitiri neyemabhizinesi, inosanganawo nematambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza.
Nekuuya kwetekinoroji itsva dzemwenje dzakadai sema LED, ramangwana remwenje ye fluorescent rinogona kuchinja. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwayo pakushanduka kwemwenje yemazuva ano hakugone kufuratirwa. Mwenje ye fluorescent yakaita basa guru mukupa mwenje inoshanda uye yakavimbika kune akasiyana mashandisirwo kwemakore anopfuura zana, uye nhaka yayo mukuvandudza simba icharamba ichiyeukwa.
