Magadzirirwo ePostmodern: Kupemberera Kusiyana-siyana uye Kusiyana muMagadzirirwo
Magadzirirwo emazuva ano akabuda semhinduro kumitemo yakasimba uye dzimwe nguva isina basa yezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvaitonga muzana remakore rechi20. Chifambiro ichi, chakatanga kuoneka kuma1960 ekupedzisira uye chichibudirira muma1970 nema1980, chinopemberera kusiyana, kusiyana, uye kuwanda mukugadzirwa kwezvivakwa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora nhoroondo, hunhu hwakakosha, uye mienzaniso yakakurumbira yezvivakwa zvemazuva ano, pamwe nemhedzisiro yazvo pakudzidziswa kwezvivakwa zvese.
Nhoroondo uye Mavambo
Mavakirwo emazuva ano, akafuridzirwa zvikuru nemisimboti yeBauhaus naLe Corbusier, akasimbisa kupfava, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvakaita sesimbi negirazi. Zvisinei, mumakumi emakore mushure meHondo Yenyika II, vagadziri vazhinji vakatanga kunzwa kuti kufamba kwacho kwaive kwakaoma uye kwaisabvumira nzvimbo yakakwana yekutaura kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Magadzirirwo emazuva ano akabuda semhinduro kune izvi zvipingamupinyi. Robert Venturi, mumwe wevakatanga sangano iri, akatsigira kudiwa kwekuoma uye kupesana mukuvaka. Bhuku rake rakakosha, "Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture" (1966), rakava gwaro remazano rakapikisa dzidziso dzemazuva ano uye rakagadzira nzira yerunako rutsva, rwunobatanidza vanhu vose uye rwakasiyana-siyana.
Hunhu Hukuru hweMagadzirirwo ePostmodern
Magadzirirwo emazuva ano anosanganisira kupemberera kusiyana kwechimiro, ruvara, uye zvazvinoreva. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha zvinosiyanisa mafambiro ekare.
1. Kusawirirana: Pane kutevera maitiro akafanana, magadzirirwo emazuva ano anosanganisa zvinhu nemasitayera kubva munguva dzakasiyana netsika. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuvaka mafacade anosanganisa zvinhu zvekare nezvinhu zvemazuva ano kana musanganiswa wezvishongo zvechinyakare uye maumbirwo ejometri emazuva ano.
2. Kushongedza uye Kuratidza Zviratidzo: Kusiyana nekushongedza kushoma kwemazuva ano, kuvaka kwemazuva ano kunowanzo kuve kwakapfuma mukushongedza. Zvinhu izvi hazvisi zvekushongedza chete asiwo zvakazara nezviratidzo, zvinowanzoreva mamiriro chaiwo enhoroondo kana tsika.
3. Mafomu Akasiyana-siyana Uye Anosiyanisa: Chimwe chinhu chinoratidza kuvakwa kwemazuva ano kushandiswa kwemafomu asina kujairika, anowanzo pesana. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mukuvaka madziro anosanganisa maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana anoita seasina kurongeka asi achigadzira kuwirirana kwemaonero.
4. Mavara Akajeka: Magadzirirwo emazuva ano haatyi kushandisa mavara akajeka uye anoyevedza. Mavara aya haangowedzere runako rwechivako chete asiwo anopa hunhu hwakasimba uye hunozivikanwa zviri nyore.
5. Tamba neContext: Magadzirirwo emazuva ano anowanzo tsvaga kubatana nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, kungave kuburikidza nekuiswa kwezvivakwa, hukama hwazvo nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza, kana kutaurirana kwavo nezvivakwa zviripo.
Mienzaniso Yakakurumbira Yezvivakwa zvePostmodern
Mimwe mienzaniso yezvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakakurumbira pasi rose zvinoratidza hunhu hwataurwa pamusoro apa uye inoratidza kuti zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakasiya chiratidzo chazvo pamaguta akasiyana-siyana.
1. Piazza d'Italia, New Orleans: Yakagadzirwa naCharles Moore muna 1978, Piazza d'Italia muenzaniso unowanzotaurwa wezvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Kubatanidza zvinhu zvekare zveItaly nemavara akajeka nezvinhu zvemazuva ano, piazza yave chiratidzo chepostmodernism nerunako rwayo rwakasiyana uye chiratidzo chine simba.
2. AT&T Building (yava kunzi Sony Tower), New York: Yakagadzirwa naPhilip Johnson naJohn Burgee, chivakwa ichi chakapedzwa muna 1984. Chinhu chayo chakasiyana i "Chippendale top," denga rakafanana nekushongedza fenicha yekare yeChirungu. Chivako ichi chinoratidza kuti zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona sei kumutsiridza zvinhu zvechinyakare mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano.
3. Portland Building, Portland: Yakagadzirwa naMichael Graves uye yakapedzwa muna 1982, Portland Building ndeimwe basa guru rekuvaka kwemazuva ano. Nekushandisa kwayo mavara nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ejometri, chivakwa ichi chinoratidza kuti kuvaka kwemazuva ano kunogona sei kupa hunhu hwakasimba hwezvivakwa zvehurumende.
4. Gehry Residence, Santa Monica: Iyi imba yega yakagadzirwa nemugadziri wezvivakwa Frank Gehry muenzaniso wekutanga wekuvaka dzimba dzevasina zvivakwa, chikoro chidiki che postmodernism. Nekusanganiswa kwayo nezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvakaita sesimbi yakarukwa, huni, negirazi, Gehry Residence inoratidza kuti kuvaka dzimba dzevasina zvivakwa zve postmodern kunogona kutsanangura patsva pfungwa yeimba.
Mhedzisiro uye Kutsoropodzwa
Magadzirirwo emazuva ano akabatsira zvikuru nyika yezvivakwa nekukurudzira kuvhurika, kuyedza, uye kusiyana-siyana mukugadzira. Vagadziri vechidiki vakafemerwa kuti vaongorore miganhu mitsva uye vatsanangure patsva nzvimbo uye vagadzire mukati memamiriro akafara.
Zvisinei, sezvinoitwa chero kufamba kupi zvako, kuvaka kwemazuva ano kwakatsoropodzwawo. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoti kusarurana uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezvishongo zvinogona kukonzera kuzara kwezvinhu uye kurasikirwa nekuonekwa kwezvivakwa. Kunewo kunetseka kuti zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka kwemazuva ano dzimwe nguva hazvinyatsojeka kana kuti zvakaoma kuti veruzhinji vanzwisise.
Remangwana reMagadzirirwo ePostmodern
Kunyangwe hazvo kukwirira kwayo kwaive pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20, misimboti yekuvaka mushure memazuva ano ichiri kushanda nanhasi. Munguva iyo kudyidzana kwenyika netekinoroji zvichiri kuramba zvichichinja mamiriro emaguta, kusiyana-siyana uye kuwanda kwakasimbiswa nekuvaka mushure memazuva ano kunogona kuva chitubu chekugadzirisa matambudziko matsva.
Vagadziri vemazuva ano vanowanzo sanganisa zvinhu zvemazuva ano netekinoroji yepamusoro uye kufunga kwakasimba kuti vagadzire magadzirirwo asina kungofadza runako chete asiwo anoshanda uye asingakuvadzi nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, mapurojekiti ekuvaka akasvibirira anobatanidza zvinhu zvechisikigo nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano anogona kuonekwa sekuenderera mberi kwemweya wekuyedza nekusiyana-siyana kunosimudzirwa nekuvaka kwemazuva ano.
Mhedziso
Uvaki hwemazuva ano (Postmodern architecture) isangano rakaunza ruvara rutsva nehupenyu munyika yezvivakwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi20. Nekupemberera kusiyana, kusiyana, uye kuwanda, uvaki hwemazuva ano hwakagadzira nzira yekutaura kwakakura uye kwakadzama kwekugadzira. Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa, simba rayo richiri kunzwika nanhasi, uye misimboti yayo ichiri kukosha mukutarisana nematambudziko ezvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Sezvakadzidziswa nevatangi vesangano iri, uvaki hwekuvaka hunoreva kuronga zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvive zvakanaka kwete kungotarisa chete asiwo zvinopa zvinoreva uye hunhu kune vanogara mariri.
