Kuongorora Mafomu eGeometric muArchitecture
Kuvaka imba inzvimbo ine hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi. Mukuita, kuvaka imba kunosanganisira kushandisa maumbirwo akasiyana-siyana ejometri kugadzira zvivakwa zvinoshanda, zvinoyevedza, uye zvinobudirira. Kubva kare kusvika munguva yemazuva ano, maumbirwo ejometri akaita basa rakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwedhizaini yezvivakwa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandiswa kwemaumbirwo ejometri mukuvaka, tichitarisa pakuvandudzwa kwenhoroondo, mashandisirwo emazuva ano, uye mienzaniso inokurudzira kubva pasi rese.
Kuvandudzwa Kwenhoroondo Kwemafomu eGeometric muUvakwa
Kushandiswa kwemaumbirwo ejometri mukuvaka kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kune tsika dzekare. Semuenzaniso, vaIjipita vekare vaishandisa maumbirwo ejometri akakwana mukuvaka mapiramidhi avo. Zvivakwa izvi zvaisangova zvinoshamisa chete asi zvakare zvakagadzikana uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. VaGiriki nevaRoma vakaitawo maumbirwo ejometri chinhu chakakosha mukuvaka kwavo, nekushandisa kwavo makoramu, maarches, uye madomes zvichibva pachiyero uye kuenzanisa.
Munguva yeRenaissance, kunyanya kutarisisa kwakapihwa kuhuwandu hwemasvomhu uye kuenzanisa mukugadzira zvivakwa. Vagadziri vezvivakwa vakaita saLeonardo da Vinci naAndrea Palladio vaizivikanwa nekushandisa kwavo misimboti yejometri kuti vawane runako uye kukwana kwehuwandu muzvivakwa zvavo. Maonero aya akaenderera mberi kusvika munguva dzeBaroque neRococo, uko maumbirwo akaomarara ejometri akashandiswa kugadzira mhedzisiro inoshamisa uye inoshamisa.
Mashandisirwo Emazuva Ano Emaumbirwo Ejiyometri
Munguva yazvino, vagadziri vezvivakwa vanoramba vachiongorora maumbirwo ejometri kuti vagadzire dhizaini yezvivakwa. Mashandiro uye runako zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwejometri kugadzira mabasa epamusoro ekuvaka. Heano mamwe emashandisirwo akakosha emaumbirwo ejometri mukuvaka kwemazuva ano:
1. Nyore uye Minimalism
Magadzirirwo emhando ye "minimalist architecture" anonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa maumbirwo akareruka ejometri akadai sema cubes, rectangles, uye cylinders. Maumbirwo aya anoshandiswa kugadzira pfungwa yekuchena uye kurongeka. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira yemaitiro e "minimalist architecture" inosanganisira mabasa aLudwig Mies van der Rohe, akadai seFarnsworth House muIllinois, iyo inosimbisa mitsetse yakatwasuka uye maumbirwo akajeka ejometri.
2. Biomimicry
Maumbirwo ejometri anoshandiswawo mukugadzira biomimicry, uko magadzirirwo anotevedzera maumbirwo nezvivakwa zvinowanikwa muzvisikwa. Semuenzaniso, Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center, yakagadzirwa naZaha Hadid, ine chimiro chakaita semafungu chinoratidza maumbirwo ezvisikwa. Muchiitiko ichi, geometry inoshandiswa senzira yekubatanidza chivakwa nenzvimbo yacho yechisikigo.
3. Parametric Design
Nekufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwemakombiyuta, kushandiswa kwedhizaini yeparametric kwave kwakajairika muzvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Dhizaini yeparametric inobvumira vagadziri vezvivakwa kuti vaedze maumbirwo ejometri akaomarara uye anochinja-chinja. Muenzaniso mumwe wakakurumbira ndiThe Gherkin muLondon, yakagadzirwa naNorman Foster. Chivako ichi chinoshandisa maalgorithms emakombiyuta kugadzira chimiro chakatenderera, cheaerodynamic, nokudaro zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba uye kugadzikana kwechivako.
4. Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvepamusoro-soro
Magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro anoshandisawo maumbirwo ejometri kugadzira maumbirwo emangwana uye anoshanda. Centre Pompidou muParis, yakagadzirwa naRenzo Piano naRichard Rogers, muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi. Chivako chine furemu yesimbi inooneka uye chinoshandisa maumbirwo ejometri kugadzira marongerwo anochinjika uye anochinjika.
Mienzaniso Inokurudzira yeMaumbirwo eGeometric muArchitecture
1. Sydney Opera House, Australia
Yakagadzirwa naJørn Utzon, Sydney Opera House ndeimwe yemienzaniso inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekushandiswa kwemaumbirwo ejometri mukuvaka kwemazuva ano. Chivako ichi chine zvivakwa zvakabatana zvakafanana nemaseiri engarava kana magoko egungwa, zvichigadzira mhedzisiro inochinja-chinja uye inoshamisa.
2. Piramidhi reLouvre, France
Piramidhi yeLouvre, yakagadzirwa naIeoh Ming Pei, ndeimwe muenzaniso wakakurumbira. Piramidhi iyi yegirazi haingopi musiyano unoshamisa nezvivakwa zvekare zvemuseum asiwo inoshandisa misimboti yejometri kugadzira chitarisiko chemazuva ano uye chemangwana.
3. Guggenheim Museum, Spain
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, yakagadzirwa naFrank Gehry, muenzaniso mutsva wekushandiswa kwemafomu ejometri echisikigo uye anochinja-chinja. Chivako ichi chine makomba akawanda anopindirana, zvichigadzira chitarisiko chakasiyana uye chekuedza. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita setitanium kunopawo mhedzisiro inoyevedza, zvichiwedzera runako rwejometri rwechivako.
4. Nhandare yeNyika yeBeijing, China
Inozivikanwawo se "Nhandare yeShiri," Beijing National Stadium yakagadzirwa naHerzog & de Meuron yeMitambo yeOlympic ya2008. Chivako ichi chine simbi yakarukwa inogadzira dendere reshiri rinoratidza zvinhu zvechisikigo nenzira yemazuva ano uye yejometri.
Penutup
Kutsvaga maumbirwo ejometri mukuvaka kunoratidza kuti hunyanzvi neruzivo rwemasvomhu zvinogona sei kusangana kugadzira magadzirirwo anoshamisa. Kubva kumapiramidhi eIjipita kusvika kuzvivakwa zvemazuva ano zveramangwana, maumbirwo ejometri ave ari uye acharamba ari pakati pekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa. Kushandiswa kwemaumbirwo aya hakungogumiri pakunaka kwerunako asiwo kushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti kuvaka kuve chimiro chehunyanzvi chinoshanduka netekinoroji nenguva. Kuburikidza nekuongorora uku, tinoziva kuti masvomhu neunyanzvi zvinogona kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira mabasa asingaperi uye anokurudzira.
