Tekinoroji yeRefrigerant Inochengetedza Zvisikwa Mukugadzira Air Conditioning
Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemhepo inotonhodza (AC) hakungotarise chete pakunyaradza kwekupisa asiwo pakuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Seri kwemhepo inotonhorera yatinonakidzwa nayo, kune chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda "museri": iyo refrigerant. Mumakumi emakore, mhando dzemafiriji anoshandiswa mumaAC dzakachinja zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubatsira kwadzo mukuderedza ozone uye kupisa kwepasi rose. Izvi zvakakonzera kubuda kwetekinoroji yerefrigerant inochengetedza nharaunda, iyo yava ndiyo nzira itsva mukugadzirwa kweAC kwemazuva ano.
Chii Chinonzi Refrigerant Uye Nei Ichikosha?
Refrigerant imvura inoshanda inotenderera mukati memhepo inotonhodza kuti itore kupisa kubva mukamuri yoiburitsa kunze. Munguva yekutonhodza, firiji inochinja kubva pamvura kuenda kugasi yozodzoka zvakare, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kutamisa kupisa zvakanaka. Kushanda kwemhepo inotonhodza—kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemagetsi, kugona kutonhora, uye hupenyu hwechikamu—zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwefiriji.
Zvisinei, hazvisi zvese zvinochengetedzwa mumafiriji zvakachengeteka nharaunda. Zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinokosheswa ndeizvi:
1. ODP (Kupera kweOzone): mukana wekukuvadza ozone layer.
2. GWP (Global Warming Potential): mukana wekukonzera kudziya kwepasi rose zvichienzaniswa neCO₂.
Refrigerant isingakuvadzi nharaunda irefrigerant ine ODP iri pedyo ne zero uye GWP yakaderera sezvinobvira, isingakanganisi kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka.
Nhoroondo Pfupi: Kubva kuCFCs Kusvika kuRefrigerants dzemazuva ano
Pakutanga, ma air conditioner aiwanzoshandisa maCFC (chlorofluorocarbons), akadai seR-12. MaCFC aive akagadzikana uye aishanda zvakanaka, asi aive neODP yakakwira uye aikuvadza ozone layer. Mitemo yepasi rose kuburikidza neMontreal Protocol yakasundira kubviswa kweCFCs uye kuchinjwa kuenda kuHCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons), senge R-22. MaHCFC aive nani, asi aive neODP uye akazoganhurirwa.
Mushure meizvozvo, indasitiri iyi yakachinja ikaenda kuHFCs (Hydrofluorocarbons) dzakadai seR-410A, dzisina ODP. Zvinosuwisa kuti, maHFCs anowanzova neGWP yakakwira. Nekuwedzera kwekutarisa pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, zvinangwa zvekuderedza HFC zvakatanga kuburikidza neKigali Amendment. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vagadziri vemhepo inotonhodza vava kumhanya-mhanya kushandisa mafiriji ane GWP yakaderera, kusanganisira mhando dzechisikigo neHFO.
Hunhu hwemafiriji ane hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza
Mafiriji anoiswa muzvikamu zvekuchengetedza nharaunda kana achizadzisa zvinotevera:
– ODP = 0 (haikuvadzi ozone layer)
– GWP yakaderera (diki pane maHFC akajairwa)
- Simba remagetsi rakawanda saka AC inoshanda zvakanaka
- Yakagadzikana uye inoenderana nezvinhu (compressor oil, mapaipi, zvisimbiso)
– Kuchengetedzwa kwakarongeka (kubvira moto uye chepfu zviri pachena, zvinogona kugadziriswa nezvinodiwa)
Muchokwadi, hapana chinhu chinotonhorera "chakakwana". Saka, tekinoroji yemazuva ano yeAC inoenzanisa zvinhu zvakatipoteredza, mashandiro, mutengo, uye kuchengetedzeka.
Mhando Dzakakurumbira dzeZviriji Zvine Ushamwari Nezvakatipoteredza
1. R-32 (Difluoromethane)
R-32 inozivikanwa zvikuru muma air conditioner emazuva ano. Kana ichienzaniswa neR-410A, R-32 ine GWP yakaderera uye inotonhodza zviri nani.
– ODP: 0
– GWP: inenge 675 (yakaderera pane R-410A inova ~2088)
- Zvakanakira: kushanda zvakanaka, kudiwa kwemufiriji kushoma
– Dambudziko: rinobvira zvishoma (A2L), saka rinoda dhizaini yakakodzera yekuchengetedzwa uye nzira dzekushandisa.
Vagadziri vazhinji vanosarudza R-32 nekuti iri nyore kushandisa kana tichienzanisa nekushandura kune mamwe mafiriji "akanyanya".
2. R-290 (Propane)
R-290 ifiriji yechisikigo ine GWP yakaderera zvikuru.
– ODP: 0
- GWP: inenge 3
- Zvakanakira: haipindi mamiriro ekunze uye inoshanda zvakanaka
– Matambudziko: inobvira zvakanyanya (A3), saka pane miganhu pahuwandu hwekuchaja kwemufiriji uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuchengetedza.
R-290 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafiriji uye iri kutanga kuwedzerwa kune mamwe ma air conditioner, kunyanya mumisika uko mitemo inotsigira uye zvivakwa zvagadzirira.
3. R-744 (CO₂)
CO₂ yemufiriji isarudzo inoyevedza yechisikigo.
– ODP: 0
– GWP: 1 (referensi)
– Zvakanakira: kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze kwakaderera uye hazvibatike nyore
– Matambudziko: kushanda nemhepo ine simba rakawanda uye zvinoda dhizaini chaiyo yesystem (zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zvisingapindi simba, kudzora kwakaoma)
CO₂ inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvishandiso zvekudziisa mvura (zvidziyo zvemvura zvinodziya zvepombi yekupisa) uye mune mamwe mashandisirwo ebhizinesi.
4. HFO (Hydrofluoroolefin) nemisanganiswa yayo
MaHFO akagadzirwa kuti aderedze GWP ukuwo achichengetedza hunhu hwakafanana neHFC.
– ODP: 0
- GWP: kazhinji yakaderera zvikuru
- Zvakanakira: kushanda zvakanaka, "zvinodzivirira mune ramangwana" zvichienzaniswa nemitemo
– Matambudziko: kuwanikwa, mutengo, uye mamwe marudzi ane mwero wakati wekuti anogona kutsva.
Mumabasa emaindasitiri, HFO inowanzo kuwanikwa semuchina wekugadzirisa mashandiro uye kugadzikana.
Kutsigira Tekinoroji Mukugadzirwa kweAC Yemazuva Ano
Kushandisa mafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda hakusi kungotsiva "kuzadza" chete. Vagadziri veAC vanofanirwa kugadzirisa magadzirirwo avo uye maitiro ekugadzira kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vakachengeteka, vanoshanda zvakanaka, uye vanogara kwenguva refu. Mamwe matekinoroji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya anosanganisira:
1. Dhizaini Inoshanda Zvakanyanya Yekuchinjana Kupisa
Mamwe mafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda anoshanda zvakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana ekuyerera kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa. Nokudaro, vagadziri vakagadzira:
- mapaipi ema microchannel,
– zvipete zve condenser/evaporator zvakapetwa zvakanyanya,
- kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura kuti kunatsiridze kutamiswa kwekupisa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, AC inogona kuwana mukana wakafanana wekutonhodza nekushandisa simba shoma.
2. Compressor yeInverter yechizvarwa chitsva
Tekinoroji yeInverter inobvumira compressor kugadzirisa kumhanya zvichienderana nekudiwa kwemutoro. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti musanganiswa weinverter nerefrigerant inoshanda zvakanaka zvinogona:
- kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi,
- kuchengetedza tembiricha yakadzikama,
- inoderedza kufamba kwebhasikoro panguva yekushanda izvo zvinokurumidzisa kupfeka.
3. Sisitimu Yekuchengetedza Mafiriji Anobvira Moto
Kune mafiriji emhando yeA2L kana A3, vagadziri vanoshandisa:
- sensor inodonhedza mvura,
- dhizaini yemhepo inofefetera kana kuti keji inotungamira kuyerera kwegasi,
- muganho wekuchaja mufiriji zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa,
- kusarudzwa kwezvikamu zvemagetsi zvinoderedza mukana wezvipfungaidzo.
Nenzira iyi, njodzi dzinogona kudzorwa nehunyanzvi.
4. Zvinhu Zvinoenderana Nezvinodiwa Uye Mafuta
Mafiriji akasiyana anoda mafuta akasiyana ecompressor (semuenzaniso, POE kana mamwe marudzi). Kuenderana nemaseal/rabha kwakakoshawo kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kwenguva refu. Vagadziri vanowanzoita bvunzo dzekukwegura kwezvinhu, bvunzo dzekudedera, uye bvunzo dzekupisa vasati vaburitsa chigadzirwa kumusika.
Mabhenefiti eRefrigerant Asingakuvadzi Zvisikwa Kuvanhu Vanoshandisa Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza
Kune vatengi, mafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda anowanzo perekedza magadzirirwo eAC emazuva ano.
- kushandisa simba zvishoma (mabhiri emagetsi anogona kuderera),
- kutonhora kunokurumidza uye kwakasimba,
- vakagadzirira mitemo yakawanda kuitira kuti mabasa nezvikamu zvekuchengetedza zvive zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Kune nharaunda, kuchinja mafiriji kune simba guru nekuti kuburitswa kwemhepo inotonhorera (kubva pakudonhedza mvura, kugadzirisa, kana kuraswa kweyuniti) kunogona kukonzera kudziya kwepasi. Kuderedza GWP yemhepo inotonhorera kunoderedza zvakanyanya "mamiriro ekunze" emhepo inotonhorera, kunyanya kana ikasanganiswa nekushanda nesimba kwakanyanya.
Matambudziko Ekuita Basa Mumunda
Kunyangwe zvichivimbisa, kushandiswa kwemafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda kune matambudziko akati wandei:
1. Kugadzirira kwehunyanzvi uye mitemo yebasa: kubata mafiriji anobvira moto kunoda kudzidziswa kwakakosha, maturusi uye maitiro.
2. Kudzokorodza uye kurasa zvinhu: kutarisira refrigerant yakashandiswa kuchiri kusina kusimba munzvimbo dzakawanda.
3. Mari yekutanga: mamwe matekinoroji akasiyana uye mafiriji zvinogona kudhura zvakanyanya, kunyangwe izvi zvichiwanzo deredzwa nekuchengetedza magetsi kwenguva refu.
4. Mutemo negwaro: mitemo yekuchengetedza uye miganhu yemutoro wemufiriji inofanirwa kutevedzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mashandisirwo akachengeteka.
Mhedziso
Tekinoroji ye refrigerant isingakuvadzi nharaunda yave chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemhepo inotonhodza mhepo yemazuva ano, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pasi rose zvekuderedza kukanganisa kwe ozone layer nemamiriro ekunze. Kuchinja kubva kuCFCs/HCFCs kuenda kuHFCs dzinochengetedza ozone, uyezve kuenda kuR-32, ma refrigerant echisikigo (R-290, CO₂), uye ma HFOs asina GWP akawanda kunoratidza kukurumidza kuri kuramba kuripo kwekuvandudzwa kwe refrigerant.
Zvichienderera mberi, kubudirira kwetekinoroji iyi hakuzongotsamiri pamhando yerefrigerant chete, asiwo pakugadzirwa kwesystem inoshanda zvakanyanya, mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza, uye nzvimbo yakasimba yebasa uye yekudzokorodza. Kusanganiswa uku kunoita kuti mhepo inotonhodza irambe yakasununguka uku ichiva chikamu chemhinduro yezvakatipoteredza, pane kuti ive chinhu chinokonzera matambudziko matsva.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chive: maitiro emagazini esainzi, fomati yeblog reSEO (ine misoro nemashoko akakosha), kana kuisa data rekuenzanisa reGWP/ODP mumatafura.
