Tekinoroji yeRefrigerant Inochengetedza Hukama Hwakatipoteredza muAir Conditioning
Pendauluan
Sezvo kudiwa kwemhepo inotonhodza kuri kuwedzera, tekinoroji yerefrigerant mumasystem emhepo inotonhodza (AC) iri kuramba ichichinja. Kubva pakawanikwa marefrigerant, munda uyu wakaona hunyanzvi nekuchinja kukuru, kunyanya pakushandisa simba zvakanaka uye kuderedza nharaunda. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kukosha kwetekinoroji yerefrigerant isingakuvadzi nharaunda, kuti inosanganiswa sei mumasystem eAC, uye fungidziro dzemangwana.
Nhoroondo Pfupi yeRefrigerants
Refrigerant chinhu chinoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinotonhodza kupisa kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, kazhinji nekuchinja chikamu chiri pakati pegasi nemvura. Kushandiswa kwezvitonhodza muchimiro chemazuva ano kwakatanga kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 nekuwanikwa kweChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), inozivikanwa seR-12. Kunyangwe maCFCs aishanda mukutonhodza, aive nemhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo pa ozone layer. Kuwanikwa kwemafreon akachengeteka akadai seHydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) uye gare gare Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) kwakaunza shanduko dzakanaka, asi achiri kukanganisa nharaunda, kunyanya panyaya yekudziya kwepasi rose.
Matambudziko Ezvakatipoteredza Nemafiriji Akajairika
Mafiriji ekare, akadai seCFCs neHCFCs, ane Global Warming Potential (GWP) yakakwira uye Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP). Aya maparamita maviri anoyera kukanganisa kwerefrigerant pakupisa kwepasi rose uye kupera kweozone. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akamanikidza masayendisiti nemainjiniya kuti vatsvage mhinduro dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda.
Kunyange hazvo kushandiswa kwemaHFC akadai seR-134a neR-410A kuchideredza ODP kusvika pazero, GWP yavo ichiri yakakwira. Kupisa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nekubuda kweHFC kwakaita kuti nharaunda yepasi rose itsvake mamwe mafiriji ane GWP shoma uye kukuvara kudiki kwezvakatipoteredza.
Tekinoroji yeFiriji Inoshanda Zvakatipoteredza
1. Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs)
Mahydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) imhando itsva yemafiriji asina ODP uye GWP yakaderera. Muenzaniso mumwe wakakurumbira weHFO ndiR-1234yf. MaHFO haasi chete ane hushamwari kune nharaunda asiwo ane mashandiro ethermodynamic akaenzana kana kuti akakwirira pane emafiriji echinyakare.
2. Kabhoni Dioxide (CO2)
CO2, kana kuti R-744, ifiriji yechisikigo isina ODP uye GWP yakaderera. Kunyangwe CO2 isiriyo sarudzo yekutanga nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwayo kwakanyanya, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yekumanikidza nezvinhu zvakabvumira kushandiswa kwayo mumasisitimu emhepo inotonhorera, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinotonhora.
3. Mahydrocarbon (HCs)
Mahydrocarbon akadai sepropane (R-290) uye isobutane (R-600a) mamwe mafiriji echisikigo asina ODP uye GWP yakaderera. MaHC anoshandisa simba zvakanyanya asi ane dambudziko rekuti anogona kutsva. Saka, kushandiswa kwawo kunoda matanho ekuchengetedza, kunyangwe maHC agara achishandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo midiki yekufiriji senge mafiriji.
4. Amoniya (NH3)
Ammonia, kana kuti R-717, ifiriji yechisikigo isina ODP uye GWP shoma. Inoshanda zvakanaka uye yakakodzera kushandiswa mumaindasitiri nemabhizinesi makuru. Kunyangwe hazvo hunhu hwayo hwekuora uye hune chepfu huchiganhurira kushandiswa kwayo mudzimba, NH3 ichiri refrigerant inofarirwa kushandiswa mumaindasitiri.
Kuitwa uye Matambudziko eTekinoroji Itsva
1. Zvivakwa neTekinoroji
Kushandiswa kwemafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda hakungogumiri pakusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera; zvinodawo zvivakwa uye kugadziriswa kwetekinoroji. Masisitimu emhepo inotonhodza CO2, semuenzaniso, anoda macompressor uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu inogona kumira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Tekinoroji itsva yezvinhu uye matekiniki ekugadzira epamusoro akakosha.
2. Mitemo neMaitiro
Nyika zhinji dzakabudirira dzakaisa mitemo yakasimba maererano nekushandiswa uye kuraswa kwemafiriji. Montreal Protocol neKigali Amendment mienzaniso yekuti nzanga yepasi rose yakazvipira sei kuderedza kuburitswa kwemafiriji ane ODP neGWP yakawanda. Nyika pasi rose dzinotarisirwa kushandisa mitemo yakafanana, iyo inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemafiriji asingakuvadzi nharaunda.
3. Mari Nehupfumi
Mafiriji matsva anowanzo kudhura kupfuura mafiriji echinyakare. Zvisinei, kushandisa simba zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza mari kwenguva refu kunoita kuti mari yekutanga ive nemusoro. Vagadziri vanosanganawo nedambudziko rekuchinja kune matekinoroji matsva pasina kuita kuti chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chidhure zvakanyanya kune vatengi.
Remangwana reTekinoroji yeRefrigerant
Nekufambira mberi kuri kuita tekinoroji nekukurumidza, ramangwana reindasitiri yemhepo inotonhodza rinotaridzika zvakanaka. Zvimwe zvitsva zvinotarisirwa zvinosanganisira:
1. Bionic Refrigerant
Zvichienderera mberi, masayendisiti ari kutsvaga mukana wekushandisa zvinhu zvinoenderana nehupenyu hwemhuka semafiriji. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira mafiriji akafuridzirwa nemaitiro echisikigo muzvisikwa zvipenyu zvine hunhu hwakanaka hwekupisa uye zvine hushamwari kune nharaunda.
2. Sisitimu yeHybrid
Kusanganiswa kwakanakisisa kwemafiriji akasiyana, kana kuti masisitimu ekutonhodza akasanganiswa anosanganisa matekinoroji emakanika nekupisa, kunogona kuva mhinduro yeramangwana. Masisitimu aya akasanganiswa anoita kuti zvinhu zvishande zvakanaka ukuwo achideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
3. Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Zvitsva
Zvinhu zvitsva zvinoramba zvichidzivirirwa pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakanyanya zvicharamba zvichigadzirwa. Zvinhu izvi zvinotarisirwawo kuti zvisadhure uye zvive zvakavimbika, zvichibvumira kushandiswa kwakakura kwemafiriji akadai seCO2.
4. Kuvandudzwa kweSensor neMonitoring System
Masisitimu emhepo anotonhodza emangwana achawedzera kubatana netekinoroji yepamusoro yekuona nekutarisa. Izvi zvichaita kuti pave nekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuvandudzwa kwekushanda, zvichideredza mukana wekubuda kwemvura mufiriji inogona kukuvadza nharaunda.
Mhedziso
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji ye refrigerant isingakuvadzi nharaunda mu air conditioner idanho rakakosha kune ramangwana rakanaka uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Nekuchinja kubva kune refrigerant dzinopedza ozone layer uye dzinobatsira mukudziya kwepasi rose, hatingodziviriri nharaunda chete asiwo tinoona kuti simba redu rinoshanda zvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo paine matambudziko panyaya yemutengo, tekinoroji, uye mitemo, kuzvipira kwepasi rose mukuderedza shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kunotipa tariro yekuti kushandiswa kwe refrigerant isingakuvadzi nharaunda kuchava chiyero mune ramangwana. Kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza nekutsvaga zvicharamba zvichisimudzira miganhu yetekinoroji, zvichigadzira nzira yemhinduro dze air conditioner dzine hutano pasi redu.
