Kuyenda molunjika - mavuto ndi mayankho
1. Mpira A umaponya molunjika mmwamba ndi liwiro la 10 m/s. Pambuyo pa sekondi imodzi, kuchokera pamalo omwewo, Mpira B umaponyedwa molunjika mmwamba panjira yomweyo, ndi liwiro la 25 m/s. Kodi kutalika kwa mpira B kumakhala kotani pamene ukumana ndi mpira A?
Yankho:
Pothetsa vuto la kuyenda molunjika , kuchuluka kwa vekitala komwe kumayang'ana mmwamba kumapatsidwa chizindikiro chabwino, kuchuluka kwa vekitala komwe kumayang'ana pansi kumapatsidwa chizindikiro choipa.
Zodziwika:
Liwiro loyambirira (v o ) la mpira A = 10 m/s
Nthawi yopuma (t) ya mpira A = x
Liwiro loyambirira (v o ) la mpira B = 25 m/s
Nthawi yopuma (t) ya mpira B = x – 1
Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = -10 m/s 2 (kuperekedwa chizindikiro chochotsera chifukwa chakuti njira yokoka ili pansi)
Kufunidwa: Kutalika kwa mpira B ukakumana ndi mpira A (h)
h A = h B
vot + ½ gt 2 = vot + ½ gt 2
10x + ½ (-10) x 2 = 25 (x-1) + ½ (-10) (x-1) 2
10x – 5x 2 = 25 (x-1) – 5 (x-1) 2
10x – 5x 2 = 25x – 25 – 5 (x 2 -2x + 1)
10x – 5x 2 = 25x – 25 – 5x 2 + 10x – 5
10x – 5x 2 – 25x + 25 + 5x 2 – 10x + 5 = 0
– 5x 2 + 5x 2 + 10x – 25x – 10x + 25 + 5 = 0
10x – 25x – 10x + 25 + 5 = 0
– 25x + 25 + 5 = 0
25x + 30 = 0
– 25x = – 30
x = -30/-25
x = masekondi 1.2
Mpira A uli mlengalenga usanakumane ndi mpira B = masekondi 1.2
Mpira B mumlengalenga usanakumane ndi mpira A = masekondi 1.2 - masekondi 1 = masekondi 0.2.
Kutalika kwa mpira A ukakumana ndi mpira B:
h = vo t + ½ gt 2 = (10)(1.2) + 1/2 (-10)(1.2) 2 = 12 – 5(1.44) = 12 – 7.2 = 4.8 mita s
Kutalika kwa mpira B ukakumana ndi mpira A:
h = vo t + ½ gt 2 = (25)(0.2) + 1/2 (-10)(0.2) 2 = 5 – 5(0.04) = 5 – 0.2 = 4.8 mita s
1. Funso: Kodi kuyenda moyimirira kumatanthauza chiyani?
Yankho: Kuyenda molunjika kumatanthauza kuyenda kwa chinthu mmwamba kapena pansi, nthawi zambiri motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka.
2. Funso: Kodi kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) n'kofunika bwanji poyenda moyimirira?
Yankho: Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi zimakumana ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza, , komwe kuli pafupifupi 9.81 m/s² pansi.
3. Funso: Kodi chinthu chingakhale ndi liwiro loyambirira poyenda molunjika?
Yankho: Inde, zinthu zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro loyamba lokwera kapena kutsika pamene kuyenda kwawo koyima kwayamba.
4. Funso: Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi liwiro la chinthu chogwa momasuka?
Yankho: Liwiro la chinthu chomwe chimagwa momasuka limawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 9.81 m/s sekondi iliyonse chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi.
5. Funso: Kodi nthawi yokwera ikugwirizana bwanji ndi nthawi yotsika kwa chinthu choponyedwa molunjika?
Yankho: Pa chinthu choponyedwa mmwamba kenako n’kuloledwa kugwa, nthawi yokwera imafanana ndi nthawi yotsika.
6. Funso: Kodi liwiro la chinthu pa msinkhu wake wapamwamba kwambiri ndi lotani?
Yankho: Pa kutalika kwakukulu, liwiro loyima la chinthu limakhala zero lisanayambe kutsika.
8. Funso: Kodi kukana mpweya kumakhudza bwanji kuyenda koyima?
Yankho: Kukana mpweya kumatsutsana ndi kuyenda, kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi liwiro la zinthu zomwe zikugwa.
9. Funso: Kodi liwiro la terminal ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kuthamanga kwa terminal ndi liwiro lokhazikika lomwe chinthu chomwe chikugwa chimafikira pamene kukana kwa mpweya kuli kofanana ndi mphamvu yokoka.
10. Funso: Kodi chinthu chingakhale ndi liwiro loipa panthawi yoyenda mmwamba?
Yankho: Inde, chinthu chikakwera mmwamba motsutsana ndi mphamvu yokoka, chimakhala ndi liwiro loipa lofanana ndi -g.
12. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani kufulumira kwa zinthu zomwe zaponyedwa mmwamba kuli koipa?
Yankho: Popeza kufulumira chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka kumatsika, kumaonedwa kuti ndi koipa pa zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mosiyana.
14. Funso: Kodi kugwa kwaulere n’chiyani?
Yankho: Kugwa kwaulere ndi kuyenda kwa chinthu chomwe chili pansi pa mphamvu yokoka yokha, popanda mphamvu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa icho.
15. Funso: Kodi kuyenda kwa chinthu kumasiyana bwanji chikagwetsedwa pansi poyerekeza ndi chikagwetsedwa?
Yankho: Zonsezi zimathamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Komabe, chinthu chomwe chaponyedwa pansi chimakhala ndi liwiro lowonjezera loyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chifike pansi mofulumira kuposa chomwe changogwa.
16. Funso: Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza liwiro la chinthu?
Yankho: Zinthu zimaphatikizapo kulemera kwa chinthucho, mawonekedwe ake, malo ake, ndi kuchuluka kwa chinthucho komanso kukhuthala kwake.
17. Funso: Kodi chinthu choyenda molunjika chili ndi mphamvu ya kinetic ndi potential?
Yankho: Inde, mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka chinthu imawonjezeka ikagwa, pomwe mphamvu yake imachepa, ndipo mosiyana ndi zimenezo imachepa ikakwera.
18. Funso: N’chifukwa chiyani liwiro la chinthu limasintha panthawi yoyenda molunjika?
Yankho: Mphamvu yokoka imayambitsa kuthamanga kosalekeza, kusintha liwiro la chinthucho mpaka chikafika pa liwiro la terminal kapena kusintha komwe chikupita.
19. Funso: Kodi kuyenda koyima kungatanthauzidwe ngati kuyenda kothamanga mofanana?
Yankho: Inde, popanda kukana kwa mpweya, kuyenda koyima pansi pa mphamvu yokoka kumayendetsedwa mofanana ndi kufulumira kwa .
20. Funso: Kodi mfundo yosungira mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji poyenda moyimirira?
Yankho: Chiwerengero cha mphamvu ya kinetic ndi potential chimakhalabe chokhazikika panthawi yoyenda molunjika, poganiza kuti palibe kutayika kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kukana mpweya.
Kumvetsetsa kuyenda koyima ndikofunikira kwambiri mu makina akale ndipo kumagwiritsa ntchito kuyambira sayansi yamasewera mpaka malamulo aukadaulo ndi chitetezo.
