Magetsi osasinthasintha - mavuto ndi mayankho

Magetsi osasinthasintha - mavuto ndi mayankho

Mphamvu yamagetsi

1. Mfundo A mu munda wamagetsiKukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pamalo A = 0.5 NC^-1Ngati mphamvu ya 0.25-C yayikidwa pa mfundo A, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya mphamvu yamagetsi adaperekedwa pa mlanduwo.

Zodziwika:

Malo amagetsi pamalo A = 0.5 NC^-1

mtengo wamagetsi pamalo A = 0.25 C

SE basi: Mphamvu yamagetsi

Yankho:

F = q E

F = (0.25 C)(0.5 NC^-1)

F = 0.125N

2. Ma charge awiri 5 C ndi 4 C amalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wa mamita 3. Ngati Coulomb constant ndi 9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2, kodi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imakumana nayo ndi mphamvu ziwiri ndi yaikulu bwanji?

Zodziwika:

Cholipiritsa 1 (q)₁) = 5 C

Cholipiritsa 2 (q)₂) = 4 C

Mtunda pakati pa chaji 1 ndi chaji 2 (r) = mamita 3

Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9 × 10⁹ Nm² C^-2

Akufuna: Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi (F)

Yankho:

3. Chaja yamagetsi +q₁ = 10 μC ; +q₂ = 20 μC; ndi q₃ zalekanitsidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi pansipa. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chaji q₂ = 0, ndiye kodi mtengo wa q ndi wotani?₃.

Zodziwika:

Cholipiritsa 1 (q)₁) = 10 μC = 10 x 10^-6 C

Cholipiritsa 2 (q)₂) = 20 μC = 20 x 10^-6 C

Akufuna: Kodi mlandu wa q ndi chiyani?₃

Yankho:

Pali mphamvu ziwiri zomwe zimachitika pa +q₂.

Mphamvu yoyamba ndi mphamvu yobweza pakati pa mphamvu +q₁ ndipo perekani +q₂ ndiye F₁₂, kumanja.

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya neti imagwira ntchito pa q₂ = 0 kenako q₃ iyenera kukhala yoipa.

Mphamvu yachiwiri ndi mphamvu yokopa pakati pa mphamvu +q₂ ndi -q₃ ndiye F₂₃, kumanzere.

Mphamvu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito pa q₂, ali ndi kukula komweko koma kosiyana.

Mphamvu ya pa intaneti imagwira ntchito pa +q₂ = 0.

4. Ma charge atatu q₁, q, ndi q₂ ali pamzere. Ngati q = 5.0 μC ndi d = 30 cm, ndiye kuti kukula ndi malangizo a mphamvu yamagetsi ndi otani pa mphamvu ya q.

Zodziwika:

Cholipiritsa 1 (q)₁) = 30 μC = 30 x 10^-6 C

Cholipiritsa 2 (q)₂) = 60 μC = 60 x 10^-6 C

Chaja 3 (q) = 5 μC = 5 x 10^-6 C

Mtunda pakati pa q₁ ndipo q = d

Mtunda pakati pa q₂ ndipo q = 2d

d = 30 cm = 0.3 mamita

d² = (0.3)² = 0.09

Chosasintha cha Coulomb (k) = 9 x 10⁹ N m² C^-2

Akufuna: Kukula ndi komwe mphamvu yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito kumakhudza mphamvu yamagetsi

Yankho:

Pali mphamvu ziwiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa q zomwe ndi F₁ kumanja (q ndi q₁ ali ndi chiyembekezo kotero F₁ kutali ndi q ndi q₁) ndi F₂ kumanzere (q ndi q₂ ali ndi chiyembekezo kotero F₂ kutali ndi q ndi q₂Choyamba kuwerengedwa F₁ ndi F₂.

Mphamvu ya neti ndi 7.5 Newtons. Kulunjika kwa mphamvu ya neti = kulunjika kwa F₁, malo olowera kumanja kuti mulipire q₂.

Munda wamagetsi

5. Wapakati osowa kulipira q ali pamalo a P m'munda wamagetsi Zopangidwa ndi mphamvu (+) kotero kuti imapeza mphamvu ya 0.05 N munjira yopita ku mphamvu. Ngati kukula kwa magetsi Munda at mfundo P ndi 2 x 10^-2 NC^-1, ndiye ndi chiyani kukula ndi mtundu wa mphamvu zomwe zimayambitsa magetsi munda.

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu yamagetsi (F) = 0.05 N

Malo amagetsi (E) = 2 x 10 ^-2 NC ^-1 = 0.02 NC ^-1

SE basi: Kukula ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamagetsi

Yankho:

Mphamvu yamagetsi imawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imasonyeza ubale pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi (F), mphamvu yamagetsi (E) ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (q):

F = q E

q = F / E = 0.05 N / 0.02 NC ^-1 = 2.5 Ma Coulomb

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya q imakumana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yopita ku chaji (+) yomwe imapanga mphamvu yamagetsi, kotero mphamvu yamagetsi ya q ndi yoipa.

6. Machaji A ndi B amalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wa mamita 4. Point C ili pakati pa machaji onse awiri, mita imodzi kuchokera pa point A. Ngati Q_A = –300 μC, Q_B = 600 μC. 1/4 π ε₀ = 9 × 10⁹ N m² C–2, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya magetsi yomwe imapangidwa ndi ma charge onse awiri ndi yotani?

Zodziwika:

Mtunda pakati pa zolipiritsa A ndi B (r)_AB) = mamita 4

Mtunda pakati pa mfundo C ndi chaji A (r)_AC) = mamita 1

Mtunda pakati pa mfundo C ndi cholipiritsa B (r)_BC) = mamita 3

Ndalama A (q)_A) = –300 μC = -300 x 10^-6 C = -3 x 10^-4 Coulomb

Cholipiritsa B (q)_B) = 600 μC = 600 x 10^-6 C = 6 x 10^-4 Coulomb

Chokhazikika (k) = 9 × 10⁹ N m² C^-2

Akufuna: Malo amagetsi pamalo C

Yankho:

Mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu A pa mfundo C:

kulipiritsa A ndi yoipa kotero kuti njira ya magetsi imaloza ku chaji A ndipo kutali ndi chaji B (kumanzere).

Munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi chaji B pamalo C:

Chaji B ndi yabwino kotero kuti njira ya magetsi ili kutali ndi chaji B ndipo malo ake ndi chaji A (kumanzere).

Zotsatira za mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo A:

E = E_A +E_B

E = (27 x 10⁵) + (6 x 10⁵)

E = 33 x 10⁵ N / C

Kulowera kwa magetsi kumayang'ana ku chaji A ndipo kutali ndi chaji B (kumanzere).

7. Fumbi la 1-mg likuyandama mumlengalenga. Ngati mphamvu ya fumbi ndi 0.5 μC ndipo mphamvu yokoka ndi 10 m/s2, dziwani kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imathandizira fumbi.

Zodziwika:

Unyinji wa fumbi (m) = 1 mg = 1 x 10^-6 kg

Kuchuluka kwa fumbi (q) = 0.5 μC = 0.5 x 10^-6 C

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 m/s²

Akufuna: Munda wamagetsi

Yankho:

w = mg

w = kulemera kwa fumbi, m = kulemera kwa fumbi, g = kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka

Mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito pa fumbi:

w = mg = (1 x 10^-6 kg)(10 m/s²) = 10 x 10^-6 makilogalamu m/s² = 10x10 pa^-6 Newton

Chiyerekezo cha gawo lamagetsi:

E = F/q

E = mphamvu yamagetsi, F = mphamvu yamagetsi, q = mphamvu yamagetsi

M'malo mwa F mu equation ya electric field ndi w mu equation ya kulemera:

E = F/q = w/q

E = (10 x 10^-6 N) / (0.5 x 10^-6 C)

E = 10 N / 0,5 C

E = 20 N/C

8. Zolipiritsa ziwiri q₁ = 32 μC ndi q₂ = -214 μC amalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wa x, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa. Palibe malo amagetsi pamalo P omwe ali pa 10 cm kuchokera ku q₂Pezani x.

Zodziwika:

Ndalama 1 (Q)₁) = 32 μC

Ndalama 2 (Q)₂) = -214 μC

Mtunda wa mfundo P kuchokera ku q₁ = x + 10 cm

Mtunda wa mfundo P kuchokera ku q₂ = 10 masentimita

SE basi: x

Yankho:

E₁ = munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi chaji Q₁. Kulowera kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kutali ndi Q₁ chifukwa Q₁ ndi wabwino. E₂ = munda wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi Q₂. Kulunjika kwa gawo lamagetsi kukuwonetsa Q₂ chifukwa Q₂ ndi negative.

Palibe mphamvu yokwanira pamalo okwana 10 cm kuchokera ku Q₂

Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya quadratic:

9. Malo ochajidwa q ali pa mfundo P m'munda wamagetsi Zopangidwa ndi mphamvu (+), motero kukhala ndi mphamvu ya 0.05 N. Ngati mtengo wake ndi +5 × l0^-6 Coulomb, ndiye kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pa mfundo C ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Mphamvu yamagetsi (F) = 0.05 Newtons

Chaji yamagetsi (Q) = +5 × l0^-6 Coulomb = 0.000005

Akufuna: Malo amagetsi pamalo P

Yankho:

E = F / Q

E = 0.05 Newton / 0.000005 Coulomb

E = 5 Newton / 0.0005 Coulomb

E = 10,000 Newton/Coulomb

E = 10⁴ N / C

E = 10⁴ NC^-1

1. Kodi static magetsi ndi chiyani? yankho: Magetsi osasunthika amatanthauza kusonkhana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pamwamba pa zinthu. Amatchedwa "osasunthika" chifukwa mphamvuzo zimakhalabe pamalo amodzi m'malo moyenda kapena kuyenda monga momwe zilili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ilipo.
2. Kodi magetsi osasinthasintha amapangidwa bwanji? yankho: Magetsi osasunthika nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kudzera mu njira yochajira magetsi atatu, pomwe zinthu zina zimachajidwa zikakumana ndi chinthu china. Kupaka baluni patsitsi kapena kuyenda pa kapeti mutavala nsapato zokhala ndi zidendene za rabara kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa magetsi osasunthika.
3. N’chifukwa chiyani nthawi zina mumadabwa mukakhudza chogwirira chitseko mukayenda pa kapeti? yankho: Kuyenda pa kapeti, makamaka m'malo ouma, kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosasinthasintha m'thupi lanu. Mukakhudza chogwirira chitseko kapena kondakitala wina, mphamvu zimatha kutuluka mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asasinthe.
4. Kodi chinyezi chimakhudza bwanji magetsi osasinthasintha? yankhoChinyezi chimachepetsa kuchulukana kwa magetsi osasinthasintha. Mamolekyu amadzi mumlengalenga angathandize kuchotsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Masiku ouma, pali mwayi waukulu wokumana ndi kukwera kwa magetsi osasinthasintha komanso kugwedezeka.
5. Nchifukwa chiyani zipangizo zina zimakhala zosavuta kupanga mphamvu yosasinthasintha kuposa zina? yankhoZipangizo zimasiyana malinga ndi kuthekera kwawo kogwira kapena kusamutsa ma elekitironi. Zipangizo zina, monga rabara kapena mapulasitiki ena, zimakonda kupeza kapena kutaya ma elekitironi mosavuta kuposa zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa mphamvu yokhazikika.
6. Kodi mfundo yaikulu ya electroscope ndi iti? yankho: Electroscope ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kupezeka kwa mphamvu yosasunthika. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi ndodo yachitsulo yolumikizidwa ku masamba awiri owonda a foil yachitsulo. Chinthu chotsekedwa chikabweretsedwa pafupi ndi ndodo, masamba amasuntha chifukwa cha kukana mphamvu yofanana, kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yosasunthika.
7. Kodi kuyika pansi kumachotsa bwanji zolipiritsa zosasinthika? yankho: Kukhazikika pansi kumapereka njira yoti mphamvu yochulukirapo isunthire ku Dziko Lapansi, lomwe ndi malo ambiri osungira mphamvu. Chinthu chokhazikika chikakhazikika pansi, mphamvu zowonjezera zimachepetsedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa kapena kuchotsa kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yokhazikika.
8. N’chifukwa chiyani mungaone nthunzi mu silo ya tirigu kapena ndege ikadzaza mafuta, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani izi n’zoopsa? yankho: Kusuntha kapena kukanda tirigu pamalo kungapangitse magetsi osasinthasintha, ndipo chimodzimodzi ndi kuyenda kwa mafuta. Ngati pali kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosasinthasintha, imatha kutuluka ngati ng'anjo. M'malo okhala ndi mpweya woyaka, fumbi, kapena zakumwa (monga mu silo ya tirigu kapena panthawi yodzaza mafuta mu ndege), ng'anjo izi zimatha kuyatsa zinthu zoyaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphulika.
9. Kodi mankhwala opopera kapena zinthu zotsukira mpweya zimagwira ntchito bwanji? yankho: Ma spray ndi zinthu zotsukira mpweya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale mpweya woyenda pang'ono. Mwa kuchita izi, zimaletsa kusonkhana kwa magetsi osasunthika kapena zimathandiza kuthetsa magetsi aliwonse omwe amasonkhana.

10. Kodi mndandanda wa triboelectric ndi chiyani? yankho: Mndandanda wa triboelectric ndi mndandanda womwe umayika zinthu kutengera momwe zimakhalira ndi mphamvu zabwino kapena zoipa zikakokedwa ndi chinthu china. Zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa mndandandawu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino, pomwe zomwe zili pansi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyipa.