Mavuto ndi mayankho a chikoka

Kusokonezeka maganizo - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Mpira wopanda mphamvu wa 0.5 kg umagwa kuchokera kutalika kwa h ₁ = 7.2 metres ndipo umawonetsa kutalika kwa h ₂ = 3.2 metres. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka = 10 m/s ² . Dziwani kusuntha kwa mphamvu.

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa mpira (m) = 0.5 kg

Kutalika koyamba (h ₁ ) = mamita 7.2

Kutalika kwachiwiri (h ₂ ) = mamita 3.2

Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 m/s ²

Wanted: Impulse (I)

Yankho:

Liwiro la mpira musanagunde (vo _o )

Liwiro la mpira lisanagunde linawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya free fall movement. Yodziwika: Kutalika (h) = 7.2 metres, kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 m/s ² . Yofunidwa: Liwiro lomaliza pambuyo pa kugundana.

v ² = 2 gh

v _o² = 2(10)(7.2) = 144

v _o = 2(10)(7.2) = 12 m/s

Liwiro la mpira musanagunde ( vo _o ) = -12 m/s. Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza komwe mpirawo ukupita.

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (v _t )

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana linawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation ya kuyenda koyima. Yodziwika : kutalika (h) = mamita 3.2, kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = -10 m/s ² , liwiro lomaliza pa kutalika kwakukulu (v _t² ) = 0. Yofunidwa : Liwiro loyambirira pambuyo pa kugundana pakati pa mpira ndi pansi.

v _t² = v _o² + 2 gh

0 = vo ₂⁺ 2 (-10)(3.2)

vesi ₂ = ⁶⁴

v _o = √64 = 8 m/s

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (v _t ) ndi 8 m/s

Kusakhazikika (I)

Kusakhazikika (I) = kusintha kwa mphamvu (Δp)

I = m (v _t – vo _o ) = (0.5)(8-(-12)) = (0.5)(8 + 12) = (0.5)(20) = masekondi 10 a Newton

2. Mpira wa magalamu 5 umagwa momasuka kuchokera kutalika ndikugunda pansi. Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, g = 10 ms ^-2 . Liwiro la mpira musanagunde ndi 6 ms ^-1 ndipo mpirawo utatha kugundana, umawonetsedwa moyimirira pa 4 m/s. Dziwani mphamvu.

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa mpira (m) = magalamu 5 = 0.005 kg

Liwiro la mpira musanagunde (vo _o ) = -6 m/s

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (v _t ) = 4 m/s

Zizindikiro za Plus ndi Minus zimasonyeza kuti njira yomwe isanachitike ngoziyo ikusiyana ndi njira yomwe itatha ngoziyo.

Akufuna: Kusakhazikika (I)

Yankho:

Impulse (I) = kusintha konse kwa mphamvu (Δp).

I = Δp = mv _t – mv _o = m (v _t – v _o )

I = (0.005)(4 – (-6)) = (0.005)(4 + 6) = (0.005)(10) = 0.05 Newton second

3. Mpira wa magalamu 20 woponyedwa ndi liwiro la 4 ms ^-1 kumanzere. Pambuyo pogundana ndi khoma, mpirawo umawonetsedwa ndi liwiro la v ₂ = 2 ms ^-1 kumanja. Dziwani mphamvu.

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa mpira (m) = 20 magalamu = 0.020 kg Mavuto ndi mayankho a kulakalaka 1

Liwiro la mpira musanagunde (vo _o ) = -4 m/s (kumanzere)

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (v _t ) = +2 m/s (kumanja)

Zizindikiro za Plus ndi Minus zimasonyeza mbali ina.

Kufunidwa: Kusakhazikika

Yankho:

Kuthamanga (I) = kusintha kwa mphamvu (Δp) = mv _t – mv _o

Kukakamiza (I) = m (v _t – vo _o ) = 0.02 (2 – (-4))

Kukakamiza (I) = 0.02 (2 + 4) = 0.02 (6)

Mphamvu (I) = masekondi 0.12 a Newton.

4. Mpira wa 2 kg womwe ukuyenda pa 5 m/s umagunda khoma ndikubwerera mmbuyo ndi liwiro la -5 m/s. Pezani mphamvu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpirawo.
Yankho: Kuthamanga = kusintha kwa mphamvu = m(v₂ – v₁) = 2(-5 – 5) = -20 kg m/s

5. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu atatu chimapeza mphamvu ya 6 N kwa masekondi anayi. Kodi mphamvu ya chinthucho ndi yotani?
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 6 × 4 = 24 Ns

6. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 0.5 chimakhala chili pampando kenako chimafulumizitsidwa ndi mphamvu ya 10 N·s. Kodi liwiro lomaliza ndi lotani?
Yankho: Kuthamanga komaliza = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 10 / 0.5 = 20 m/s

7. Mphamvu ya 30 N·s imagwira ntchito pa chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 6. Kodi kusintha kwa liwiro ndi kotani?
Yankho: Δv = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 30 / 6 = 5 m/s

8. Mpira wa 100 g ukuyenda pa 3 m/s umayimitsidwa ndi impulse. Kodi phindu la impulse ndi lotani?
Yankho: Impulse = m(v₂ – v₁) = 0.1(0 – 3) = -0.3 kg m/s

9. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu awiri chimakumana ndi mphamvu ya 4 N kwa masekondi 5. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 4 × 5 = 20 Ns

10. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 3 chikuyenda pa 3 m/s ndipo chimapuma chifukwa cha mphamvu. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Impulse = m(v₂ – v₁) = 3(0 – 3) = -9 kg m/s

11. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 5 chimakumana ndi mphamvu ya 2 N kwa masekondi atatu. Kodi mphamvu yake ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 2 × 3 = 6 Ns

12. Mphamvu ya 8 N·s imagwira ntchito pa chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 4. Kodi kusintha kwa liwiro ndi kotani?
Yankho: Δv = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 8 / 4 = 2 m/s

13. Mpira wa 1 kg womwe ukuyenda pa 2 m/s umagunda khoma ndikubwerera m'mbuyo pa liwiro lomwelo. Pezani mphamvu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpirawo.
Yankho: Impulse = m(v₂ – v₁) = 1(-2 – 2) = -4 kg·m/s

14. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu awiri chimakumana ndi mphamvu ya 3 N kwa masekondi 3. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 3 × 3 = 9 Ns

15. Mphamvu ya 10 N·s imagwira ntchito pa chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 2. Kodi kusintha kwa liwiro ndi kotani?
Yankho: Δv = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 10 / 2 = 5 m/s

16. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu atatu chimapeza mphamvu ya 5 N kwa masekondi anayi. Kodi mphamvu ya chinthucho ndi yotani?
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 5 × 2 = 10 Ns

17. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 4 chikuyenda pa 5 m/s ndipo chimapuma chifukwa cha mphamvu. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Impulse = m(v₂ – v₁) = 4(0 – 5) = -20 kg m/s

18. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu awiri chimakumana ndi mphamvu ya 6 N kwa masekondi 3. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 6 × 3 = 18 Ns

19. Mphamvu ya 12 N·s imagwira ntchito pa chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 3. Kodi kusintha kwa liwiro ndi kotani?
Yankho: Δv = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 12 / 3 = 4 m/s

20. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 5 chimakumana ndi mphamvu ya 1 N kwa masekondi atatu. Kodi mphamvu yake ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 1 × 4 = 4 Ns

21. Mphamvu ya 15 N·s imagwira ntchito pa chinthu cholemera makilogalamu 5. Kodi kusintha kwa liwiro ndi kotani?
Yankho: Δv = Kuthamanga / kulemera = 15 / 5 = 3 m/s

22. Mpira wa makilogalamu atatu ukuyenda pa 4 m/s umayimitsidwa ndi mphamvu. Kodi mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi yotani?
Yankho: Impulse = m(v₂ – v₁) = 3(0 – 4) = -12 kg m/s

23. Chinthu cholemera makilogalamu awiri chimapeza mphamvu ya 5 N kwa sekondi imodzi. Pezani mphamvu.
Yankho: Kukakamiza = FΔt = 5 × 1 = 5 Ns

Kodi kutengeka maganizo n’chiyani?
- Yankho: Mphamvu ndi zotsatira za mphamvu ndi nthawi yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu. Imayimira kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chinthucho ndipo imaperekedwa ndi fomula. $Pewani = F \times Δ t$ .
Kodi kutengeka maganizo kumakhudzana bwanji ndi mphamvu?
- Yankho: Mphamvu ya chinthu ndi yofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chinthu. Ngati chinthu chikumana ndi mphamvu ya chinthu, mphamvu yake idzasintha ndi kuchuluka komweko.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuli bwino kugwera pa mphasa yofewa kusiyana ndi pansi yolimba pamene mukudumpha kuchokera pamwamba?
- Yankho: Mphasa yofewa imawonjezera nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti jumper iyime, poyerekeza ndi pansi yolimba. Kuyima nthawi yayitali kumatanthauza mphamvu yochepa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa jumper, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala. Nthawi yayitaliyi imapangitsa kuti mphamvu ichepe koma mphamvu yomweyo igwire ntchito.
Kodi ma airbags m'magalimoto amagwira ntchito bwanji pankhani ya impulse?
- Yankho: Ma airbags amafufuma mofulumira kwambiri pakagwa ngozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya munthu isapitirire kufika pa zero. Mwa kuwonjezera nthawi ya mphamvu (kuchepetsa mphamvu), mphamvu yapakati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa munthuyo imachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala.
N’chifukwa chiyani osewera mpira “amatsatira” akamenya mpira?
- Yankho: Kutsatira njira kumawonjezera nthawi yolumikizirana pakati pa mpira ndi mpira. Nthawi yayitali yolumikizirana imatanthauza kuti mphamvu yayikulu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mpira, zomwe zingapangitse kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira, zomwe zingayambitse kugundana kolimba.
N’chifukwa chiyani katundu wonyamulidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zotetezera?
- Yankho: Zipangizo zokometsera, monga thovu kapena thovu lophimba, zimawonjezera nthawi yomwe chinthu chimayima chikakumana ndi mphamvu (monga, poyima mwadzidzidzi kapena kugwa). Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yapakati pa chinthucho pa mphamvu inayake, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kuwonongeka.
Kodi kutengeka maganizo kumafotokoza bwanji zotsatira za kudumpha mpira wa basketball ndi mphamvu zambiri?
- Yankho: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri pogunda mpira wa basketball kumawonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ku mpira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya mpirawo isinthe kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpirawo udzabwerera m'mbuyo ndi liwiro lalikulu.
Ponena za kutengeka maganizo, n’chifukwa chiyani othamanga amalangizidwa kuti “azigubuduzika” akagwa?
- Yankho: Kugubuduzika ukagwa kumawonjezera nthawi yomwe kusintha kwa mphamvu kumachitika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yapakati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa thupi la wothamanga imachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi wovulala.
Ngati mphamvu ziwiri zosiyana zigwira ntchito pa chinthu kwa nthawi yofanana, kodi mphamvu zawo zingafanane bwanji?
- Yankho: Mphamvu ndi zotsatira za mphamvu ndi nthawi. Popeza nthawi ndi yofanana pa mphamvu zonse ziwiri, mphamvu ya mphamvu yayikulu idzakhala yayikulu kuposa ya mphamvu yaying'ono.
Nchifukwa chiyani osewera gofu amagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka "kugwedezeka" akamenya mpira wa gofu, ponena za kutengeka?

Yankho: Kusuntha kwa mpira kumawonjezera nthawi yolumikizana pakati pa gofu ndi mpira. Nthawi yayitali yolumikizana imalola kuti mphamvu iperekedwe ku mpira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpirawo usinthe kwambiri, motero, ukhale wothamanga kwambiri.