Kugundana kwa Mphamvu - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

Kugundana kwa Mphamvu - Mavuto ndi Mayankho

1. Chipolopolo cha rabara cha magalamu 40 chinawomberedwa mopingasa kukhoma, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera. Chipolopolocho chikuonekera pa liwiro lomwelo. Kodi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera (m) = magalamu 40 = 0.04 kg

Liwiro loyambirira (v _o ) = – 50 m/s

Liwiro lomaliza (v _t ) = 50 m/s

Njira yolowera mpira (njira ya liwiro) ndi yosiyana kotero kuti liwiro loyamba ndi liwiro lomaliza zikhale ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.

Akufuna: Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira

Yankho:

Kusintha kwa mphamvu:

Δp = m (v _t – vo _o ) = (0.04)(50 – (-50)) = (0.04)(50 + 50)

Δp = (0.04)(100) = 4 Ns

2. Mpira wa rabara wa magalamu 75 umaponyedwa mopingasa kuti ugwere pakhoma, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera. Mpirawo umaonekera pa liwiro lomwelo. Kodi mphamvu yake ndi chiyani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa mpira (m) = 75 magalamu = 0.075 kg

Liwiro loyambirira (v _o ) = -20 m/s

Liwiro lomaliza (v _t ) = 20 m/s

Njira yolowera mpira (njira ya liwiro) ndi yosiyana kotero kuti liwiro loyamba ndi liwiro lomaliza zikhale ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.

Kufunidwa: Kusakhazikika

Yankho:

Kusakhazikika = Kusintha kwa mphamvu

I = Δp

I = m (v _t – vo _o ) = 0.075 (20 – (-20)) = 0.075 (20 + 20) = 0.075 (40)

I = 3 N s = 3 Newton second

Kugundana kosalala bwino

3. Mipira iwiri, A ndi B, imayandikirana mozungulira. Liwiro la mpira A, v _A = 4 m/s ndi liwiro la mpira B, v _B = 6 m/s. Kugundanako kumatanuka bwino. Liwiro la chinthu B pambuyo pa kugundana ndi 4 m/s. Kodi liwiro la mpira A pambuyo pa kugundana ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Unyinji wa mpira A (m_A) = m

Unyinji wa mpira B (m _B ) = m

Liwiro la mpira A musanagunde (v _A ) = 4 m/s

Liwiro la mpira B musanagunde (v _B ) = 6 m/s

Liwiro la mpira B pambuyo pa kugundana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la mpira A pambuyo pa kugundana (v _A ')

Yankho:

Unyinji wa mipira ndi wofanana, kotero kuti:

Liwiro la mpira A musanagunde (v _A ) = liwiro la mpira B mutagundana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Liwiro la mpira B musanagunde (v _B ) = liwiro la mpira A pambuyo pa kugundana (v _A ') = 6 m/s

Kugundana Kochepa Kotanuka

4. Zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi kulemera komweko zimayenda molunjika moyandikana , monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. Ngati v ₂ ndi liwiro la chinthu 2, pambuyo pa kugundana kumanja pa 5 ms ^-1 , ndiye kuti liwiro la chinthu (1) pambuyo pa kugundana ndi…

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chinthu = m

Liwiro la chinthu 1 musanagunde (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu 2 musanagunde (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu 2 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la chinthu 1 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₁ ')

Yankho:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ ' + v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

5. Chinthu A chokhala ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 4 ndi chinthu B chokhala ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 5 zimayandikirana mopingasa monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera. Pambuyo pa kugundana, liwiro la mpira A = 4 m/s ndi liwiro la mpira B = 2 m/s. Kodi liwiro la mpira B ndi lotani musanagundenane?

Zodziwika:

Unyinji wa chinthu A (m_A) = 4 kg

Kulemera kwa chinthu BB (m _B ) = 5 kg

Liwiro la chinthu A musanagunde (v _A ) = 6 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu A pambuyo pa kugundana (v _A ') = 4 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu B pambuyo pa kugundana (v _B ') = -2 m/s

Zizindikiro za Plus ndi Minus zimasonyeza kuti mipira ili ndi mbali yosiyana.

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la mpira B musanagunde (v _B )

Yankho:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = m _A v _A ' + m _B v _B '

(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v _B ')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v _B ')

14 – 16 = 5 (v _B ')

-2 = 5 (v _B ')

v _B ' = -2/5

v _B ' = -0.4

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti komwe mpira ukupita pambuyo pa kugundana kuli kosiyana ndi komwe mpira ukupita usanagunde.

Mu Kugundana kwa Pulasitiki

6. Mpira wolemera makilogalamu awiri ndi mpira wolemera makilogalamu amodzi zimayandikirana mopingasa, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera.

Liwiro la mpira 1, v ₁ = 2 ms ^-1 ndi liwiro la mpira 2, v ₂ = 4 ms ^-1 . Pambuyo pa kugundana, zonse ziwiri zimamatirana. Kodi liwiro pambuyo pa kugundana ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa mpira 1 (m₁) = 2 kg

Kulemera kwa mpira 2 (m2 ₎ = 1 kg

Liwiro la mpira 1 musanagunde (v ₁ ) = 2 m/s

Liwiro la mpira 2 musanagunde (v ₂ ) = -4 m/s

Kulunjika kwa mpira ( kulunjika kwa liwiro) kuli kosiyana kotero kuti liwiro la mpira 1 ndi liwiro la mpira 2 zikhale ndi zizindikiro zosiyana.

Kufunidwa: Liwiro pambuyo pa kugundana (v')

Yankho:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'

4 – 4 = (3) v'

0 = (3) v'

v' = 0

1. Kodi chiphunzitso cha impulse-momentum theorem n'chiyani?

Yankho: Chiphunzitso cha mphamvu yamagetsi chimanena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi $yomweimagwiritsidwa$ ntchito pa chinthu ndi yofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yake. Mwa masamu, $Impulse=F\times \Delta t=\Delta p$ , pomwe $F$ ndi mphamvu yapakati yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, $\Delta t$ ndi nthawi yomwe mphamvuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo $\Delta p$ ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu.

2. Kodi mfundo yosungira mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji panthawi ya kugundana?

Yankho: Mu dongosolo lodzipatula (lopanda mphamvu zakunja), mphamvu yonse isanachitike kugundana imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yonse itatha kugundana. Izi ndi zoona pa kugundana kosalala komanso kopanda kukhuthala.

3. Siyanitsani pakati pa kugongana kwa elastic ndi inelastic.

Yankho: Mu kugwedezeka kosalala, mphamvu zonse ziwiri za mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ...

4. N’chifukwa chiyani mpira wodumphadumpha umasiya kudumpha ukagwetsedwa kuchokera pamalo enaake?

Yankho: Ngakhale mpirawo umagundana ndi nthaka pafupifupi ndi zotanuka, mphamvu zake zonse za kinetic sizimasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Mphamvu zina zimatayika ku mitundu ina monga kutentha, phokoso, ndi kusintha kwa mkati mwa mpirawo. Zotsatira zake, nthawi iliyonse ikadumpha, kutalika kumachepa mpaka mpirawo utayima.

5. Kodi kusinthasintha kwa liwiro la chinthu kumagwirizana bwanji ndi kusintha kwa liwiro la chinthu?

Yankho: Mphamvu ndi zotsatira za mphamvu yapakati komanso nthawi yomwe imagwira ntchito pa chinthu. Popeza chiphunzitso cha mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamagetsi. Pa chinthu chokhala ndi mphamvu yosasintha, mphamvu yamagetsi ( $p)ndikulemera\; (m)\; \times \; liwiro\; ($$v$ ) $.Chifukwachake,kusinthakwamphamvuyamagetsikumatanthauzakusinthakwaliwiro$.

6. Pa ngozi ya magalimoto awiri pomwe magalimoto onse awiri anayima kotheratu, kodi mphamvu ya galimotoyo ikadali yotetezeka?

Yankho: Inde, mphamvu ya galimotoyo ikadalipobe. Mphamvu ya galimotoyo yonse isanagwere ingakhale yofanana ndi mphamvu ya galimotoyo yonse itatha kugundana. Popeza magalimoto onse awiriwa amaima, mphamvu yawo yonse ndi zero, koma mphamvu yawo yonse pamodzi ikadali yofanana ndi isanayambe kugundana.

7. Kodi mpweya woperekedwa ndi thumba la mpweya mgalimoto umachepetsa bwanji kukhudzidwa kwa wokwera panthawi ya ngozi?

Yankho: Chikwama cha mpweya chimawonjezera nthawi yomwe munthu amachedwa kuyenda. Mwa kuwonjezera nthawi, mphamvu yapakati yomwe munthuyo amakumana nayo (chifukwa cha chiphunzitso cha mphamvu yamagetsi) imachepa, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala.

8. N’chifukwa chiyani othamanga amachita “kugubuduza” akamatsika kuchokera pamalo okwera kwambiri?

Yankho: Mwa kugubuduzika akafika pansi, wothamanga amawonjezera nthawi ya kugubuduzika. Nthawi yayitaliyi imachepetsa mphamvu yapakati yomwe imapezeka panthawi yofika pansi, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha impulse-momentum theorem m'moyo weniweni.

9. Kodi mphamvu ya kuyenda ikugwirizana bwanji ndi lamulo lachitatu la Newton la kayendedwe?

Yankho: Lamulo lachitatu la Newton limati pa chilichonse chomwe chimachitika, pamakhala kuchitapo kanthu kofanana komanso kosiyana. Pakugundana, chinthu chimodzi chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pa chachiwiri, ndipo chachiwiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yofanana komanso yosiyana pa choyamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu (kapena kutengeka) komwe kumachitika ndi chinthu chimodzi kumakhala kofanana kukula kwake komanso kosiyana ndi kwa chinthu china, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvuyo isungidwe.

10. Kodi ngodya ya zochitika pa kugundana imakhudza bwanji liwiro la zinthu zomwe zikugundana?

Yankho: Ngodya ya zochitika imatha kudziwa komwe kukubwera liwiro pambuyo pa kugundana. Pa kugundana kwa mbali ziwiri, kusunga mphamvu kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito padera pazinthu zopingasa ndi zoyima. Kutengera ngodya ya kugundana ndi mawonekedwe a zinthuzo, izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pankhani ya komwe kukubwera komanso kukula kwa liwiro lomwe likubwera.

1. Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa impulse ndi momentum?
   • yankho: Kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chinthu. Mwa masamu, mphamvu ndi zotsatira za mphamvu ndi nthawi yomwe chimagwira ntchito, ndipo ndi zofanana ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu.
2. Kodi kusunga mphamvu kumagwira ntchito bwanji pa kugundana?
   • yankho: Mu dongosolo lodzipatula (komwe palibe mphamvu zakunja zomwe zikugwira ntchito), mphamvu yonse isanachitike kugundana imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu yonse itatha kugundana. Iyi ndi mfundo yosungira mphamvu.
3. Siyanitsani pakati pa kugwedezeka kwa elastic ndi inelastic.
   • yankho: Mu kugundana kosalala, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ...
4. N’chifukwa chiyani mpira wodumphadumpha umasiya kudumpha ukagwetsedwa mobwerezabwereza?
   • yankho: Palibe kugundana komwe kumasinthasintha bwino chifukwa cha zinthu monga kukana mpweya ndi mphamvu ya kusintha kwa zinthu. Pakudumpha kulikonse, mphamvu zina za kinetic za mpira zimasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina, monga kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kudumpha pang'ono ndi pang'ono kutsatire mpaka utasiya.
5. Kodi mpweya woperekedwa ndi chikwama cha mpweya umachepetsa bwanji mwayi wovulala pa ngozi ya galimoto?
   • yankho: Chikwama cha mpweya chimawonjezera nthawi ya ngozi. Pochita izi, chimachepetsa mphamvu yapakati yomwe munthu amapatsidwa, motero chimachepetsa chiopsezo chovulala.
6. N’chifukwa chiyani n’kosavuta kugwira dzira laiwisi poyendetsa dzanja lanu ndi dziralo likagwira m’malo mosunga dzanja lanu losasunthika?
   • yankho: Mukasuntha dzanja lanu ndi dzira, mumawonjezera nthawi yogunda. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yapakati pa dzira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzira lisasweke mosavuta.
7. Kodi katswiri wa karate amaswa bwanji bolodi kapena njerwa ndi dzanja lake popanda kudzivulaza?
   • yankhoKatswiri wa karate amagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe kachangu komanso kolondola kuti apereke mphamvu yayikulu pakapita nthawi yochepa. Kusamutsa mwachangu kwa mphamvu kumaswa bolodi, koma dzanja silikhala lolumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali kuti litenge mphamvu yowononga.
8. N’chifukwa chiyani kuli koopsa kupuma pakati pa msewu wothamanga kwambiri?
   • yankho: Ngati galimoto yoyenda mothamanga kwambiri yagundana ndi chinthu chosasuntha (kapena munthu), kusintha kwa mphamvu (ndipo motero kugwedezeka) kumachitika pakapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri. Mphamvu zazikuluzikuluzi zitha kuwononga kwambiri.
9. Zinthu ziwiri zikagundana, n’chifukwa chiyani chimodzi chingakumane ndi mphamvu yaikulu kuposa china, ngakhale kusintha kwa mphamvu yake kuli kofanana?
   • yankho: Ngakhale kusintha kwa mphamvu (ndipo motero mphamvu) kuli kofanana pa zinthu zonse ziwiri chifukwa cha lamulo lachitatu la Newton, mphamvu yomwe chinthu chimagwira imadalira momwe kusintha kwa mphamvu kumachitikira mwachangu. Ngati chinthu chimodzi chili ndi nthawi yochepa yogundana, chidzakumana ndi mphamvu yayikulu.
10. Nchifukwa chiyani zida zina zamasewera, monga magolovesi a baseball kapena ma cricket pad, zimakhala ndi zophimba?

• yankho: Kuphimba padding kumawonjezera nthawi yomwe kugundana (monga mpira ukugunda zida) kumachitika. Izi zimafalitsa mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa mphamvu yapakati komanso kuvulala komwe kungachitike.