Kugundana - mavuto ndi mayankho

Kugundana - mavuto ndi mayankho

1. Chinthu A (3 kg) chimayenda pa liwiro la 8 m/s ndipo chinthu B (5 kg) chimayenda pa liwiro la 4 m/s. Ngati kugundana pakati pa zinthu A ndi B kuli kosalala bwino, kodi liwiro la zinthu A ndi B limakhala lotani pambuyo pa kugundana?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chinthu A (m ₁ ) = 3 kg

Kulemera kwa chinthu B (m2 ₎ = 5 kg

Liwiro la chinthu A (v ₁ ) = 8 ms ^–1

Liwiro la chinthu B (v ₂ ) = 4 ms ^–1

Kugundana kosalala bwino.

Akufuna: v ₁ 'ndi v ₂ '

Yankho:

Ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zili ndi kulemera kosiyana ndipo liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri pambuyo pa kugundana silikudziwikabe, ndiye kuti liwiro pambuyo pa kugundana limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito equation iyi:

Kulunjika kwa zinthu zonse ziwiri ndi kofanana kotero kuti liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri likhale ndi chizindikiro chomwecho. Ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zikuyenda mbali zosiyana ndiye kuti liwiro limodzi limakhala ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera ndipo liwiro lina limakhala ndi chizindikiro chochotsera.

Liwiro la chinthu A (v _A ) pambuyo pa kugundana:

Liwiro la chinthu B (v _B ) pambuyo pa kugundana:

Liwiro la chinthu A (v ₁ ') pambuyo pa kugundana ndi 3 m/s ndipo liwiro la chinthu B (v ₂ ') pambuyo pa kugundana ndi 7 m/s.

2. Mpira uli ndi mphamvu ya P, umagundana ndi khoma ndipo umaonekera. Kugundanako kumakhala kosalala bwino ndipo njira yake imalunjika ku khoma. Kodi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira ndi kotani?

Zodziwika:

Unyinji wa mpira = m

Liwiro la mpira musanagunde = v

Liwiro la mpira pambuyo pa kugundana = -v (mpira umawonekera kumanzere)

Mphamvu ya mpira isanagunde (po _o ) = mv

Mphamvu ya mpira pambuyo pa kugundana (p _t ) = m (-v) = – mv

Akufuna: Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mpira

Yankho:

Kusintha kwa mphamvu:

Δp = p _t – _po

Δp = – mv – mv

Δp = – 2 mv

Δp = -2p

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza komwe mpira uli.

3. Zinthu ziwiri, A ndi B, zimakhala ndi kulemera komweko komwe kumasuntha mbali ina ndipo zimagundana. A imayenda kum'mawa pa liwiro la V ndi B imayenda kumadzulo pa liwiro la 2V. Ngati kugundana kuli kosalala bwino, ndiye kuti liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri limakhala lotani pambuyo pa kugundanako?

Zodziwika:

Zinthu zonsezi zili ndi kulemera kofanana.

A imayenda kum'mawa pa liwiro la V

B imayenda kumadzulo pa liwiro la 2V

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri pambuyo pa kugundana

Yankho:

Ngati zinthu zonse ziwiri zili ndi kulemera kofanana ndipo kugundana kuli kotanuka bwino, ndiye kuti zinthu zonse ziwiri zimasintha liwiro lawo pambuyo pa kugundana.

Pambuyo pa kugundana, A imayenda kumadzulo pa 2V ndipo B imayenda kum'mawa pa V.

Kugundana Kochepa Kotanuka

4. Zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi kulemera komweko zimayenda molunjika mbali zosiyana monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. Ngati liwiro la chinthu 2 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₂ ') lili 5 m/s kumanja, ndiye kuti kukula kwa liwiro la chinthu 1 pambuyo pa kugundana ndi kotani.

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chinthu chilichonse = m

Liwiro la chinthu 1 musanagunde (v ₁ ) = 8 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu 2 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₂ ) = 10 m/s

Liwiro la chinthu 2 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₂ ') = 5 m/s

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la chinthu 1 pambuyo pa kugundana (v ₁ ')

Yankho:

Kugundanako kumakhala kosalala pang'ono.

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

m (v ₁ + v ₂ ) = m (v ₁ ' + v ₂ ')

v ₁ + v ₂ = v ₁ ' + v ₂ '

8 + 10 = v ₁ ' + 5

18 = v ₁ ' + 5

v ₁ ' = 18-5

v ₁ ' = 13 m/s

Kugundana kwa inelastic

5. Chipolopolo cha magalamu 10 chomwe chinawomberedwa pa 100 ms ^-1 , chinagundana ndi chipika cha matabwa pamene chinapumula. Kulemera kwa chipikacho ndi magalamu 490. Kugundanako sikulimba. Kodi liwiro la chipikacho ndi chipolopolocho ndi chiyani pambuyo pa kugundana?

Zodziwika:

kulemera kwa chipolopolo (m ₁ ) = 10 magalamu

Liwiro la chipolopolo (v ₁ ) = 100 m/s

Kulemera kwa chipika (m2 ₎ = 490 magalamu

Liwiro la chipika (v ₂ ) = 0 m/s (chipikacho chili pamalo opumulira)

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la chipikacho ndi chipolopolo pambuyo pa kugundana

Yankho:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v'

(10)(100) + (490)(0) = (10 + 490) v'

1000 + 0 = 500 v'

1000 = 500 v'

v' = 1000 / 500

v' = 2 m/s

6. Galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro la 10 m/s yagundana ndi galimoto yoyenda pa liwiro la 20 m/s. Pambuyo pa kugundana, galimotoyo ndi galimotoyo zonse zimayenda pamodzi pa liwiro lomwelo. Kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndi 1400 kg ndipo kulemera kwa galimotoyo ndi 600 kg. Kodi liwiro la galimotoyo ndi galimotoyo pambuyo pa kugundana ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

liwiro la galimoto (v ₁ ) = 10 m/s

liwiro la galimoto (v ₂ ) = 20 m/s

kulemera kwa galimoto (m1 ₎ = 1400 kg

kulemera kwa galimoto (m2 ₎ = 600 kg

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la galimoto yaikulu komanso galimotoyo pambuyo pa ngozi

Yankho:

m ₁ v ₁ + m ₂ v ₂ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) v

(1400) (10) + (600) (20) = (1400 + 600) v

14000 + 12000 = 2000 v

26000 = 2000 v

v = 13 m/s

7. Chipolopolo cha magalamu 20 chimayenda pa liwiro la 10 m/s mopingasa, ndipo chimagundana ndi chipika cha magalamu 60 chomwe chili pansi. Chikagundana, chipolopolo ndi chipika zimayendera limodzi ndi liwiro lomwelo komanso mbali imodzi. Kodi liwiro la zipolopolo ndi chipika ndi lotani?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chipolopolo (m _P ) = magalamu 20 = 0.02 kg

Kulemera kwa chipika (m _B ) = magalamu 60 = 0.06 kg

Liwiro loyamba la chipolopolo (v _P ) = 10 m/s

Liwiro loyambirira la mabuloko (v _B ) = 0

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la chipolopolo ndi chipika pambuyo pa kugundana (v')

Yankho:

Kugundanako kuli kopanda kukhuthala.

m _P v _P + m _B v _B = (m _P + m _B ) v'

(0.02)(10) + (0.06)(0) = (0.02 + 0.06) v'

0.2 + 0 = 0.08 v'

0.2 = 0.08 v'

v' = 0.2 / 0.08

v' = 2.5 m/s

8. Zinthu ziwiri, A ndi B, zimakhala ndi kulemera kofanana = 1.5 kg zimayandikirana ndipo zimagundana. Liwiro la chinthu A (v _A ) = 4 m/s ndipo liwiro la chinthu B (v _B ) = 5 m/s. Ngati kugundana kuli kosalala, kodi liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri ndi lotani pambuyo pa kugundana?

Zodziwika:

Kulemera kwa chinthu A (m _A ) = 1.5 kg

Kulemera kwa chinthu B (m _B ) = 1.5 kg

Liwiro la chinthu A musanagunde (v _A ) = 4 m/s (kumanja kwabwino)

Liwiro la chinthu B musanagunde (v _B ) = -5 m/s (kumanzere kolakwika)

Kufunidwa: Liwiro la zinthu zonse ziwiri pambuyo pa kugundana

Yankho:

m _A v _A + m _B v _B = (m _A + m _B ) v'

(1.5)(4) + (1.5)(-5) = (1.5 + 1.5) v'

6 – 7.5 = (3) v'

-1.5 = (3) v'

v' = -1.5 / 3

v' = -0.5 m/s

Chizindikiro chochotsera chimasonyeza kuti zinthu zonse ziwiri zikagundana, zimapita kumanzere, mbali imodzi ndi chinthu B.

1. Kodi kugundana ndi chiyani mu fizikisi? yankho: Mu fizikisi, kugundana kumatanthauza chochitika chomwe zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zimakumana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu pa wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthana kwa mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
2. Kodi kugongana kwa elastic ndi inelastic kumasiyana bwanji? yankho: Mu kugundana kosalala, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ...
3. N’chifukwa chiyani mphamvu nthawi zonse imasungidwa mu kugundana? yankhoMphamvu imasungidwa mu kugundana chifukwa cha mfundo yosungira mphamvu, yomwe imati mphamvu yonse ya dongosolo lotsekedwa imakhalabe yofanana pokhapokha ngati mphamvu zakunja zikuchitapo kanthu.
4. Kodi mphamvu ya kinetic imasungidwa nthawi zonse mu kugundana? yankho: Ayi, mphamvu ya kinetic imasungidwa pokhapokha ngati pali kugwedezeka kwa elastic. Mu kugwedezeka kwa inelastic, mphamvu ina ya kinetic imasinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu, monga mphamvu yothekera, phokoso, kapena kutentha.
5. N’chifukwa chiyani magalimoto awiri amatha kugwirana pamodzi akagundana? yankhoNgati magalimoto awiri agwirizana pambuyo pa kugundana, ndi chitsanzo cha kugundana kopanda kukhuthala konse. Magalimoto amakhalabe pamodzi chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kwa makina, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, kapena mphamvu zina zomwe zimagonjetsa kuthekera kwawo kubwereranso kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
6. Kodi chinthu chomwe chikugundana chingasinthe mphamvu ya kinetic ngakhale liwiro lake lisasinthe? yankhoInde, ngati chinthu chisintha njira yake panthawi ya kugundana koma osati liwiro lake, liwiro lake (vector quantity) limasintha, koma liwiro lake (scalar quantity) limakhalabe lomwelo. Ngakhale kuti kukula kwa mphamvu yake ya kinetic (kutengera liwiro) sikungasinthe, chinthucho chasintha kugawa kwa mphamvu.
7. N’chifukwa chiyani mipira ya billiard imadumphadumpha ikagundana? yankho: Mipira ya biliyadi imagundana pafupifupi molimba. Mpira umodzi ukagunda wina, mphamvu ya kinetic ndi momentum zimasamutsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mipirayo idumpheduke. Kapangidwe ndi zinthu za mipira ya biliyadi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira mtima posunga mphamvu ya kinetic muzochitika izi.
8. Ngati zinthu ziwiri zosiyana zigundana ndi kugwirana pamodzi, kodi liwiro lawo lonse lidzakhala la avareji ya liwiro lawo loyamba? yankho: Sikofunikira kwenikweni. Liwiro lophatikizana lidzadalira lamulo losunga mphamvu. Ngati chinthu chimodzi chili chachikulu kwambiri kuposa china, liwiro lophatikizana lidzakhala pafupi ndi liwiro loyambirira la chinthu chachikulu kwambiri.
9. Mu dziko lenileni, kodi pali kugundana "kolimba" kwenikweni? yankho: Mwachizolowezi, palibe kugundana komwe kumasinthasintha bwino. Ngakhale kugundana kwina, monga pakati pa mipira ya biliyadi, kumayandikira, nthawi zonse pamakhala mphamvu zina zomwe zimatayika ku mitundu ina, monga phokoso kapena kutentha.

10. Kodi thumba la mpweya limachepetsa bwanji ngozi ya galimoto? Yankho : Ma thumba a mpweya amawonjezera nthawi yomwe mphamvu ya munthu imasintha akagundana. Pochita izi, mphamvu yomwe munthuyo amakumana nayo (yomwe imasiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi yomwe mphamvu ya galimoto imasinthira) imachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuvulala komwe kungachitike.