Momwe Mungadziwire Kupezeka kwa Tizilombo mu Ziweto
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ziweto ndi limodzi mwa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha thanzi omwe amachepetsa zokolola. Kupezeka kwawo sikuonekera nthawi zonse, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu: kuchepa kwa kulemera, kuchepa kwa mkaka, kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kufa ngakhale m'milandu yoopsa. Chifukwa chake, alimi ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe angadziwire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachangu kuti athandize kuchiza mwachangu ndikuchepetsa kutayika. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe angadziwire tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ziweto kudzera mukuwona zizindikiro, mayeso amthupi, ndi mayeso osavuta a labotale.
1. Kumvetsetsa mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ziweto
Kawirikawiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ziweto timagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, omwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mkati ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunja.
1) Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala mkati mwa matupi a ziweto. Mwachitsanzo:
- Nyongolotsi za m'mimba (mphutsi zozungulira, mphutsi za m'mimba)
– Chiwindi cha chiwindi (Fasciola)
- Ma protozoa omwe amayambitsa coccidiosis
– Majeremusi ena a m'magazi (monga Babesia/Anaplasma m'mikhalidwe ina)
2) Tizilombo takunja (ectoparasites) timakhala pamwamba pa thupi la ziweto. Mwachitsanzo:
- Nsabwe
– Nkhuku/tizilombo
- Ntchentche zoyamwa magazi
- Chifukwa chimodzi cha mphere
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, kuzindikira kuyenera kuchitika mwadongosolo: kuyambira ndi kuyang'anitsitsa tsiku ndi tsiku, kufufuza thupi, ndipo potsiriza kutsimikizira kudzera mu kuyesa zitsanzo, ngati kuli kofunikira.
2. Kuzindikira kudzera mu kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi khalidwe
Gawo loyamba losavuta kwa alimi ndikuwunika kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a ziweto. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka tomwe timakhudza njira yogayira chakudya, nthawi zambiri timapangitsa ziweto kuoneka ngati "zosakula bwino" ngakhale zikudya mokwanira.
Zizindikiro zofunika kuziganizira ndi izi:
- Kusowa chilakolako kapena kudya zakudya zosayenera
- Kunenepa pang'onopang'ono kwa ng'ombe/mbuzi/nkhosa zomwe zimanenepa
- Kuchuluka kwa mkaka m'ng'ombe za mkaka kumachepa
- Ziweto ndi zofooka, zaulesi kuyenda, zimagona pansi pafupipafupi
- Ubweya wofewa, woyimirira, wosavuta kugwa
- Kutuwa kwa nembanemba ya mucous (kusonyeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi), makamaka ngati pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda toyamwa magazi monga mphutsi zina kapena nkhupakupa.
- Kukanda thupi pafupipafupi, kuluma khungu, kusakhazikika (nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi matenda a ectoparasites)
- Matenda oberekera: kusadziwa bwino chilakolako cha kugonana, kuchepa kwa mimba (zingakhale zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuipiraipira kwa thupi)
Kuyang'anira kumeneku kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse, mwachitsanzo m'mawa ndi madzulo podyetsa ana. Zolemba zosavuta za kulemera kwa thupi, kudya chakudya, ndi kupanga mkaka zidzakuthandizani kwambiri kuzindikira mavuto msanga.
3. Kuzindikira kudzera mu kufufuza ndowe ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba nthawi zambiri timayambitsa zizindikiro m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ndowe za ziweto ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera thanzi lawo.
Zizindikiro zina zokayikitsa:
- Kutsegula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kobwerezabwereza, makamaka kwa ziweto zazing'ono
- Chimbudzi chotayirira chosakanikirana ndi ntchofu (chikhoza kukhala chogwirizana ndi matenda a protozoa/coccidia)
- Chimbudzi chakuda kwambiri pazifukwa zina
- Kupezeka kwa nyongolotsi kumaonekera m'ndowe kapena mozungulira thako (ngakhale kuti nthawi zina sizimaonekera)
- Mimba yokulirapo/yotupa koma thupi lochepa (nthawi zambiri limapezeka m'matenda a mphutsi osatha)
Mu ziweto zoweta (ng'ombe, mbuzi, ndi nkhosa), matenda ena a mphutsi angayambitse "chibwano cha botolo," kutupa pansi pa chibwano komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapuloteni m'magazi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphutsi zoyamwa magazi mu abomasum kapena matenda oopsa omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
4. Kufufuza ziweto mosavuta (kuyambira mutu mpaka kumapazi)
Kuyezetsa thupi sikuyenera kukhala kovuta. Alimi amatha kuyezetsa thupi nthawi zonse, makamaka ziweto zomwe zikuwonetsa zizindikiro.
a) Kuyezetsa maso ndi nkhama
– Yang'anani mtundu wa conjunctiva ndi nkhama. Ngati zikuoneka zotumbululuka, izi zitha kusonyeza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
– Mu mbuzi ndi nkhosa, njira ya FAMACHA nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (makamaka chifukwa cha nyongolotsi za Haemonchus). Chiwerengero cha FAMACHA chimathandiza kudziwa ngati ziweto zikufunika kuchotsedwa nyongolotsi, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri maphunziro afupiafupi amafunika kuti ziwunikiridwe molondola.
b) Kufufuza khungu ndi ubweya
- Yang'anani ngati pali ziphuphu, zilonda, dandruff yokhuthala, tsitsi lotayika, kapena malo okhala ndi dazi.
– Imvani khungu: ngati likuoneka lokhuthala, lotentha, kapena pali ziphuphu zazing'ono, likhoza kukhala logwirizana ndi nthata kapena kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.
c) Kuwunika khutu, khosi, m'mimba ndi mchira
Nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimabisala m'makwinya ndi m'malo ovuta kufikako, monga:
– M'khutu
- Pansi pa mchira
- Crotch
- Mapindo a khosi ndi nsagwada yapansi
Gwiritsani ntchito tochi ngati pakufunika kutero. Ngati mwapeza nkhupakupa zambiri, ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha matenda a ectoparasite komanso chiopsezo cha matenda ena.
5. Kuzindikira kudzera mu kafukufuku wa labotale (chitsimikizo cholondola kwambiri)
Ngakhale kuti kuona zizindikiro kumathandiza, kuzindikira molondola kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna kufufuza chitsanzo.
a) Kuyezetsa ndowe (kuyezetsa mazira a nyongolotsi)
Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mazira m'ndowe. Kuyesa kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mazira pa gramu iliyonse ya ndowe, zomwe zimathandiza dokotala wanu wa ziweto kuwona kukula kwa matendawa ndikuwona kufunikira kwa chithandizo.
Ubwino waukulu:
- Zimathandiza kusiyanitsa ngati vuto la kuwonda/kutsegula m'mimba kwenikweni limachitika chifukwa cha mphutsi.
- Zimathandiza kuyang'anira momwe mankhwala ophera nyongolotsi amagwirira ntchito (kaya akadali othandiza kapena ngati akulimbana ndi nyongolotsi)
b) Kuyezetsa magazi
Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mayeso a magazi angasonyeze:
- Kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (anemia)
- Zizindikiro za kutupa
- Chizindikiro cha matenda enaake a parasitic malinga ndi mayeso omwe anachitika
c) Kuyezetsa khungu
Pankhani ya mphere kapena nthata, dokotala wa ziweto angatenge khungu lokanda kenako n’kuliyang’ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti apeze nthata kapena mazira.
Ngati alimi ali ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo cha thanzi la ziweto, kuyezetsa kwa labotale kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri, makamaka m'mafamu apakatikati.
6. Zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuneneratu za kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuwonjezera pa kuona zizindikiro, obereketsa ayeneranso kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili m'khola ndi kasamalidwe kake komwe kali pachiwopsezo chachikulu choyambitsa matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo:
- Khola ndi lonyowa, lodetsedwa, losayeretsedwa kawirikawiri
- Kuchuluka kwa ziweto
- Njira yosagwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira (malo odyetsera ziweto amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse)
- Palibe pulogalamu yokonzekera yochotsera nyongolotsi
- Ziweto zatsopano zikulowa popanda katemera
– Nyengo yamvula (nthawi zambiri imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo)
Ngati pali zinthu zoopsa izi, kuzizindikira kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi chifukwa mwayi woti matendawa alowe m'thupi ndi wokwera.
7. Kodi muyenera kuyimbira dokotala wa ziweto nthawi yomweyo liti?
Alimi ayenera kupempha thandizo kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo wa ziweto nthawi yomweyo ngati zinthu zotsatirazi zachitika:
- Kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri, makamaka kwa ziweto zazing'ono
- Ziweto ndi zofooka kwambiri, sizikufuna kudya, kapena zilibe madzi okwanira m'thupi
- Maso/mkamwa zimatupa kwambiri
- Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu nthawi yochepa
- Ziweto zambiri zimadwala nthawi imodzi
- Kupezeka nsabwe zambiri kapena pali zizindikiro za kufalikira kwa mphere
Kuchiza mwachangu kungapulumutse ziweto ndikuletsa kufalikira m'khola lonse.
8. Mapeto: kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kwambiri
Kuzindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ziweto kumafuna kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, kufufuza thupi mosavuta, ndi kutsimikizira labu, ngati n'kotheka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikapezeka msanga, chithandizocho chidzakhala chothandiza kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwachuma. Alimi omwe amawunika mosamala momwe ziweto zilili komanso kusunga makola oyera nthawi zambiri amakhala opambana kwambiri poletsa matenda a tizilombo kuposa omwe amachitapo kanthu kokha pamene ziweto zikudwala kale kwambiri.
Mwa kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya tsiku ndi tsiku yowunikira ziweto, kuzindikira kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kuwona momwe chimbudzi chilili komanso momwe khungu lilili, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wa ziweto kuti akayese zitsanzo, alimi amatha kusunga ziweto zawo zathanzi, zobala zipatso, komanso zotetezeka ku matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
