Zinthu za Chitsulo cha Alkaline Earth
Zitsulo za alkaline earth ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zili mu tebulo la periodic lomwe lili mu kolamu yachiwiri, kapena gulu lachiwiri. Zili ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), ndi radium (Ra). Chilichonse mwa zitsulozi chili ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimachisiyanitsa ndi zinthu zina, koma zimagawananso makhalidwe ena. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mbali zosiyanasiyana za zitsulo za alkaline earth , kuphatikizapo makhalidwe awo onse, ntchito zawo, ndi zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizana nazo.
Katundu Wamba
Katundu Wathupi
Zitsulo za alkaline earth ndi zitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso magetsi abwino, komanso malo osungunuka. malo osungunuka ndi owira zomwe ndi zapamwamba ngakhale zili zochepa poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosinthira. Zonse ndi zasiliva, koma pali kusiyana pang'ono kwa mitundu pakati pawo. Mwachitsanzo, beryllium ili ndi imvi yasiliva, pomwe calcium ili ndi imvi yotumbululuka.
Kuchuluka kwa zitsulo za alkaline earth kumasiyana malinga ndi chinthu, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhuthala kuposa zitsulo za alkali zomwe zili mu gulu loyamba. Chinthu china chofunikira kudziwa ndi kuuma; beryllium, mwachitsanzo, ndi yolimba kwambiri kuposa magnesium kapena calcium.
Katundu wa Mankhwala
Mwa mankhwala, zitsulo za alkaline earth metals zimakumana ndi madzi, ngakhale kuti sizimagwirizana ndi zitsulo za alkaline zomwe zili mu gulu 1. Zimapanga ma hydroxide ndi mpweya wa hydrogen chifukwa cha momwe zimachitira ndi madzi. Zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri mukamayenda kuchokera ku beryllium kupita ku radium mu tebulo la nthawi.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi kuthekera kwawo kupanga ma cations okhala ndi mphamvu ya +2. Mwachitsanzo, magnesium imakonda kupanga ma Mg²⁺ ions ikachitapo kanthu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ili ndi ma valence electron awiri omwe amatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta kuti apange ma electron okhazikika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zitsulo za Alkaline Earth
Beriliyumu (Be)
Beryllium imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuuma kwake, mphamvu zake, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Ntchito imodzi yayikulu ndi kupanga mawindo a X-ray chifukwa chakuti amaonekera bwino kwambiri ku X-ray. Kuphatikiza apo, beryllium imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika zinthu zamagetsi, zida za ndege, komanso zida zapamwamba m'makampani oteteza ndi okonza ndege.
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium ndi chitsulo chopepuka chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zambiri poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zida za ndege, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimafuna zomangamanga zolimba koma zopepuka. Kuphatikiza apo, magnesium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu biology chifukwa ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chlorophyll, utoto wofunikira pa photosynthesis m'zomera.
Kalisiyamu (Ca)
Calcium imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupanga (monga gawo la simenti ndi konkriti), kupanga zitsulo, ndi kuyeretsa shuga. Mu biology, calcium ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa minofu, kupanga mafupa ndi mano, komanso kupereka mauthenga kwa maselo.
Strontium (Sr)
Strontium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zozimitsa moto ndi moto wa m'nyanja chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupanga mtundu wofiira kwambiri ikawotchedwa. Strontium titanate imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangidwa ndi magalasi owoneka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa refractive index ndi dispersion yake, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mitundu ina ya diamondi.
Barium (Ba)
Barium imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani obowola mafuta ndi gasi ngati choyezera kulemera mumadzi obowola. Barium sulfate, yomwe sisungunuka m'madzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu radiography yachipatala ngati choyezera chosiyanitsa pojambula njira ya m'mimba.
Radium (Ra)
Radium ndi chinthu chowopsa chomwe chimapezeka pang'ono kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Radium idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa kale, ngakhale kuti yasinthidwa ndi ma isotope otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima kwambiri. Radium idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu utoto wowala wa mawotchi ndi zida zina, koma mchitidwewu watha chifukwa cha zoopsa zazikulu paumoyo.
Zoopsa ndi Zodzitetezera
Ngakhale kuti zitsulo za alkaline earth zili ndi ntchito zambiri zothandiza, zilinso ndi zoopsa zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Beriliyumu
Kukumana ndi fumbi la beryllium kapena ufa kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda osatha opuma otchedwa matenda a beryllium kapena berylliosis. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe amakhudza mapapo ndipo amatha kupha ngati sanachiritsidwe. Chifukwa chake, kusamalira beryllium kumafuna njira zodzitetezera kwambiri.
mankhwala enaake a
Magnesium ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma ikapangidwa ngati ufa kapena riboni, imatha kuyaka kwambiri. Moto wokhudzana ndi magnesium ndi wovuta kuzimitsa chifukwa magnesium imakumana ndi madzi ndikupanga haidrojeni, yomwe ingawonjezere mphamvu ya moto.
Kalisiyamu
Kalisiyamu yokhayokha kapena mankhwala enaake (monga calcium oxide) ingayambitsenso kuyabwa pakhungu, m'maso, komanso m'mapapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kumafuna kusamala koyenera pogwira zinthu zapoizoni.
Strontium ndi Barium
Ngakhale kuti strontium m'njira zina ndi yotetezeka, strontium yowopsa siilimbikitsidwa kuti ikhudzidwe ndi anthu. Barium yosungunuka nayonso ndi yoopsa ndipo iyenera kusamalidwa mosamala. Barium sulfate yosasungunuka nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsutsana ndi mankhwala.
radium
Radium ndi chinthu chowopsa kwambiri komanso chowopsa. Kukhudzidwa ndi radium kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi kuwala. Kusamalira kwake kumafuna njira zokhwima kwambiri kuti tichepetse zoopsa za kuwala.
Mapeto
Zitsulo za alkaline earth ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zili ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana koma zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana a mankhwala. Kuyambira kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo m'mafakitale ndi zamoyo mpaka ku zoopsa zokhudzana ndi thanzi, zitsulo za alkaline earth zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe awo akuthupi ndi a mankhwala amawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri, koma amafunikanso kusamalidwa mosamala komanso mosamala. Tikamvetsetsa bwino komanso njira zoyenera zotetezera, titha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ubwino wa zitsulo za alkaline earth pamene tikuchepetsa zoopsa zake.
