Momwe Mungapangire Bedi la Zomera za Masamba
Kupanga mabedi okwera ndi njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri yolima ndiwo zamasamba. Mabedi okwera ndi timizere ta dothi tomwe timapangidwa kuti tithandize kukhetsa madzi bwino komanso kukula bwino kwa zomera. Njira yopangira mabedi okwera ndi yosavuta, koma imafuna kumvetsetsa bwino momwe nthaka ilili, nyengo, ndi mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zikulimidwa. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza njira zofunika kwambiri zopangira mabedi okwera a ndiwo zamasamba, kuyambira kukonzekera nthaka mpaka kusamalira zomera mutabzala.
1. Kukonzekera Malo
Gawo loyamba popanga bedi lokwezedwa ndikukonzekera nthaka. Onetsetsani kuti malo omwe mwasankha alandira kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa maola osachepera 6-8 tsiku lililonse. Kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikofunikira chifukwa ndiwo zamasamba zambiri zimafuna kuwala kokwanira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga photosynthesis.
Kenako, chotsani udzu, miyala, ndi zinyalala pamalopo. Dothi loyera lidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonza mabedi ndikuchepetsa mpikisano pakati pa zomera zamasamba ndi udzu.
2. Kuyesa ndi Kukonza Dothi
Musanapange mabedi okwera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe nthaka ya m'munda mwanu ilili. Dothi labwino lolimira ndiwo zamasamba ndi lopanda chonde, lotayirira, ndipo lili ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zokwanira. Mutha kuyesa nthaka mosavuta kuti mudziwe pH ndi michere.
Ngati nthaka ili ndi asidi wambiri kapena alkaline, ikhoza kukonzedwa powonjezera laimu (pa nthaka yokhala ndi asidi) kapena sulfure (pa nthaka yokhala ndi alkaline). Komanso, onjezerani manyowa kapena manyowa kuti nthaka ikhale yobereka bwino. Kusamalira nthaka kumeneku kudzathandiza kukonza kapangidwe ka nthaka, kuwonjezera zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso kukonza kusunga madzi ndi mpweya.
3. Kudziwa Kukula kwa Bedi
Kukula kwa bedi kungasinthidwe kuti kugwirizane ndi zosowa zanu komanso mtundu wa zomera zomwe mukubzala. Kawirikawiri, bedi limakhala ndi mulifupi wa pafupifupi mita imodzi kuti likhale lothandiza kusamalira ndi kubzala kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri. Kutalika kwa bedi kungasinthidwe kutengera malo omwe alipo, koma makamaka, kuyenera kukhala pakati pa mamita 3 ndi 6. Bedi nthawi zambiri limayikidwa pamtunda wa 20-30 cm kuti litsimikizire kuti madzi akuyenda bwino.
Mtunda pakati pa bedi limodzi ndi lina uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 30-50 cm, wokwanira njira kapena khonde losamalira zomera komanso kuti zitheke kufikako panthawi yosamalira.
4. Kupanga Mabedi
Mukatha kudziwa kukula kwa bedi, yambani ndi kukulitsa kapena kulima nthaka mpaka kuzama kwa masentimita 20-30. Dothi losasunthika limalola mizu ya zomera kukula.
Pangani dothi kukhala malo okwezeka ndipo linganizani pamwamba. Onetsetsani kuti pamwamba pa bedi ndi pabwino komanso palibe matumphu, chifukwa kusalingana kungayambitse madzi kulowa m'madzi, zomwe zingawononge zomera.
Ngati mukubzala m'dera lomwe mvula imagwa kwambiri kapena malo omwe madzi amasefukira, mutha kupanga ngalande zazing'ono kuzungulira mabedi kuti madzi aziyenda bwino komanso kuti madzi asalowe.
5. Kuonjezera Nthaka
Onjezani zinthu zachilengedwe monga manyowa, manyowa, kapena feteleza wina wachilengedwe pabedi. Zinthu zachilengedwezi zidzawonjezera chonde m'nthaka ndikusunga madzi bwino. Sakanizani zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito khasu kapena foloko mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 15-20.
6. Kutseka Bedi
Pambuyo poika zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka pamwamba pa mabedi, mabediwo amatha kuphimbidwa ndi matope. Matandawo akhoza kukhala makoko a mpunga, udzu, kapena pulasitiki. Matandawo ali ndi ntchito zingapo zofunika, monga kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole, komanso kusunga kutentha kwa nthaka kokhazikika.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki, pangani mabowo mu pulasitikiyo malinga ndi kukula kwa ndiwo zamasamba zomwe mudzabzala. Onetsetsani kuti matopewo aphimba pamwamba pa bedi lonse.
7. Kubzala ndiwo zamasamba
Ndiwo zamasamba zitha kubzalidwa m'mabedi okwera pobzala mbewu mwachindunji kapena pobzala mbande zomwe zidabzalidwa kale. Mipata pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba iliyonse imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, kaloti, radish, ndi sipinachi nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa mtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 15-20, pomwe ndiwo zamasamba monga tomato, tsabola, ndi biringanya zimafuna mtunda wokulirapo, pakati pa masentimita 30-50.
Onetsetsani kuti mwabzala ndiwo zamasamba molingana ndi malo oyenera kuti zomera zikhale ndi malo okwanira okula ndikupeza zakudya zabwino.
8. Kuthirira ndi Kusamalira
Mukabzala, gawo lotsatira ndi kuthirira. Kuthirira koyamba ndikofunikira kuti mbewu kapena mbande zilandire madzi okwanira kuti ziyambe kukula bwino. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira kumatha kuchitika nthawi zonse, kutengera mtundu wa chomera ndi nyengo. M'nyengo youma, ndiwo zamasamba zimafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, pomwe nthawi yamvula, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa.
Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira, kusamalira bedi kumaphatikizapo kupalira udzu, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wowonjezera, komanso kupewa tizilombo ndi matenda. Kupalira udzu kuyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse kuti zomera zisakule. Kugwiritsanso ntchito feteleza wowonjezera kumalimbikitsidwanso milungu ingapo iliyonse kuti zomera zipeze chakudya chokwanira.
Kuti muchepetse tizilombo ndi matenda, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo achilengedwe kapena achilengedwe nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungathe. Njira zina zachilengedwe zothandiza zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oviikidwa mu adyo, tsabola, kapena masamba a neem kuti mupopere zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa.
9. Kusinthasintha kwa Mbewu
Kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba, sinthani mbewu nyengo iliyonse yobzala. Kusinthana kwa mbewu kumatanthauza kusintha mitundu ya mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa pabedi nthawi iliyonse yokolola. Kusinthana kwa mbewu kumatha kuletsa kusonkhanitsa kwa tizilombo ndi matenda ndikuchepetsa kutopa kwa nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, mutabzala ndiwo zamasamba monga sipinachi, nyengo yotsatira, bzalani mizu monga kaloti kapena radish.
10. Kukolola
Ndiwo zamasamba ziyenera kukolola panthawi yoyenera, kutengera mtundu wa mbewu zomwe zikulimidwa. Kukolola panthawi yake kumabweretsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri, pankhani ya ubwino ndi kuchuluka. Ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zakolola mochedwa nthawi zambiri zimataya kukoma ndi kapangidwe kake, pomwe kukolola koyambirira kwambiri kungachepetse kukula kwake.
Mapeto
Kupanga mabedi okwezedwa kuti mulime ndiwo zamasamba ndi njira yabwino yotsimikizira kuti zomera zanu zikula bwino. Ndi kukonzekera bwino nthaka, kusintha nthaka, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mabedi okwezedwa amatha kuwonjezera zokolola ndi thanzi la zomera. Kuphatikiza apo, njira iyi imathandizanso pakuwongolera madzi, kulamulira udzu, komanso kusintha mbewu mokhazikika. Zabwino zonse, ndipo munda wanu wamasamba ubereke zokolola zambiri komanso zapamwamba!
