Njira Zochiritsira Thupi Kuti Ziwonjezere Mphamvu ya Mapapu
Kuchuluka kwa mapapo abwino kumathandiza kwambiri pakusunga mphamvu, kugona bwino, komanso mphamvu ya thupi yogwira ntchito popanda kutopa. Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri amakumana ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa mphamvu ya mapapo chifukwa cha moyo wongokhala, kusuta fodya, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, ukalamba, ndi matenda ena monga mphumu, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), kapena matenda opatsirana pambuyo pa kupuma. Apa ndi pomwe physiotherapy yopumira (respiratory physiotherapy) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kudzera mu njira zolimbitsa thupi ndi njira zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, physiotherapy ingathandize kukonza bwino mpweya wopumira, kulimbitsa minofu yopumira, kukonza njira zopumira, komanso kuwonjezera kulolera kuchita zinthu zina.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira thupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonjezera mphamvu ya mapapo, popewa, kuchira, komanso kukonza thanzi.
1. Kumvetsetsa "mphamvu ya mapapo" ndi zolinga za physiotherapy
Mwachidule, mphamvu ya mapapo imatanthauza mphamvu ya mapapo yosunga mpweya ndikusinthana bwino mpweya ndi carbon dioxide. Muzochitika zachipatala, mphamvu imeneyi imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo angapo, monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya (mpweya wabwinobwino), mphamvu ya moyo (kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ungatulutsidwe mutapumira kwambiri), ndi ntchito yopumira (monga, FEV1 mu spirometry).
Kuchiza thupi sikuti kumangoyang'ana pa "kukulitsa mapapo" okha, komanso pa:
- Kukulitsa kukula kwa khoma la chifuwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa minofu
- Amachepetsa ntchito yopuma kuti kupuma kumveke kosavuta
- Kumalimbitsa minofu yopumira ndi yotulutsa mpweya (diaphragm, intercostals, minofu ya m'mimba)
- Zimathandiza kuyeretsa madzi otuluka m'thupi (mafinya) kuti mpweya ukhale wosavuta kuugwira
- Wonjezerani kupirira kwa zochita zanu mwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okonzedwa bwino (aerobic)
Motero, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya mapapo yomwe odwala amakumana nayo nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa njira zabwino zopumira, kulimbitsa thupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mpweya.
2. Masewero olimbitsa thupi opumira pogwiritsa ntchito diaphragm
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumeneku ndi maziko a physiotherapy yopumira chifukwa kumaphunzitsa kupuma bwino pogwiritsa ntchito diaphragm, osati minofu ya pachifuwa chapamwamba chokha. Kupuma pang'ono pachifuwa kumakonda kuwonjezera ntchito yopumira komanso kutopa thupi mwachangu.
Momwe mungachitire:
1. Kugona: kugona chagada kapena kukhala pansi theka, mapewa anu atamasuka.
2. Ikani dzanja limodzi pachifuwa panu ndi dzanja lina pamimba panu.
3. Kokani mpweya pang'onopang'ono kudzera m'mphuno mwanu mpaka dzanja la m'mimba mwanu litakwezedwa mmwamba, pamene chifuwa chanu chili chete.
4. Pumirani pang'onopang'ono (mungathe kuchita izi kudzera mu milomo yodzaza).
5. Bwerezani kwa mphindi 5-10, 1-3 patsiku.
Manfaat:
- Wonjezerani mpweya wabwino m'mapapo a m'munsi
- Amachepetsa kupuma movutikira chifukwa cha kupuma pang'ono
- Amachepetsa kukanika kwa minofu ya khosi ndi mapewa
3. Kupuma Movutikira Pakamwa
Njira imeneyi ndi yotchuka kwa odwala matenda a COPD, komanso ndi yothandiza kwa aliyense amene amalephera kupuma bwino akamachita zinthu. Kutulutsa mpweya kudzera m'milomo yozungulira kumawonjezera nthawi yopuma, kumathandiza kupewa kuti njira zazing'ono zopumira zisagwe, komanso kuchepetsa kutsekeka kwa mpweya.
Momwe mungachitire:
1. Kokani mpweya kudzera mu mphuno mwanu kwa kasanu ndi kawiri.
2. Ikani milomo yanu ngati kuti mukuzima kandulo.
3. Pumirani pang'onopang'ono kwa maola anayi (kutalika kuposa kudzoza).
4. Chitani izi mukapuma movutikira, kapena ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi a mphindi 5.
Manfaat:
- Amachepetsa kupuma pafupipafupi
- Zimathandiza kuchepetsa kupuma movutikira
- Zimathandiza kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo bwino kwambiri
4. Kuchita Maseŵero Okulitsa Chifuwa
Maseŵero olimbitsa thupi amenewa cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera kuyenda kwa khoma la pachifuwa, kukonza mpweya wabwino, komanso kupewa kuuma kwa nthiti ndi minofu yopumira—makamaka kwa anthu omwe akhala akugona pansi kwa nthawi yayitali, atachitidwa opaleshoni, kapena omwe akhala akukhala pansi.
Zitsanzo za machitidwe:
- Pumirani mpweya wambiri mukukweza manja onse awiri mmwamba kapena kutsegula manja anu kumbali (kutsegula chifuwa chanu).
– Dikirani kwa masekondi awiri mpaka atatu, kenako tulutsani mpweya pang'onopang'ono.
- Bwerezani nthawi 5-10 pa phunziro lililonse, magawo 2-3 patsiku.
Manfaat:
- Zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa ma alveoli (ma air bags)
- Zimathandiza kupewa atelectasis (mapapo omwe agwa pang'ono)
- Sinthani kaimidwe ka thupi komwe kamakhudza momwe mumapumira
5. Maseŵero olimbitsa mtima othandiza kutsokomola ndi kupuma movutikira
Mu matenda ena (monga kutulutsa kwambiri ziphuphu, bronchitis, kapena matenda atayamba), vuto lalikulu si kuchuluka kwa mapapo okha, komanso njira zopumira zomwe zimatsekedwa ndi madzi otuluka m'thupi. Physiotherapy imaphunzitsa njira zochotsera mpweya woipa kuti mpweya ulowe bwino.
Chifuwa chogwira mtima:
Pumirani mpweya wozama, gwirani kwa masekondi 1-2, kenako khosomolani mwamphamvu 1-2.
Kupuma movutikira (Chifuwa chopuma movutikira):
Pumulani pang'ono, kenako tulutsani mpweya mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu pakamwa panu mutatsegula ngati kuti mukuphimba galasi ("ha, ha").
- Nthawi zambiri amakhala wochezeka kwa odwala omwe amatopa mosavuta kapena omwe amamva kupweteka kuposa chifuwa champhamvu.
Manfaat:
- Zimathandiza kuchotsa mamina popanda kutaya mphamvu zambiri
- Imatsegula madera omwe kale anali opanda mpweya wokwanira m'mapapo
6. Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yopumira (ACBT)
ACBT ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimaphatikiza kupuma momasuka, kufutukuka kwa chifuwa, ndi njira zopumira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi phlegm.
Zigawo za ACBT:
1. Kulamulira kupuma: pumirani pang'onopang'ono, pumulani kwa masekondi 20-30.
2. Kutambasula chifuwa: Kupuma mozama 3-5, gwirani kwa masekondi 2-3.
3. Kufuwula/kutsokomola: Kufuwula 1–2 kuti mutulutse madzi otuluka m'thupi.
Kuzunguliraku kungabwerezedwe kangapo mpaka kupuma kutakhala bwino.
7. Kuphunzitsa minofu yopumira (IMT)
IMT imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera cholimbana ndi matenda (monga threshold IMT) kuti iphunzitse minofu yopumira kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yolimba. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi COPD, othamanga, kapena omwe ali ndi kufooka kwa minofu yopumira.
Mfundo zoyendetsera masewera olimbitsa thupi:
- Kokani mpweya kudzera mu chipangizocho ndi katundu winawake.
– Kawirikawiri mphindi 15-30 patsiku, masiku 5-7 pa sabata, ndi kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi kuwunika kwa katswiri wa physiotherapist.
Manfaat:
- Amachepetsa kumverera kwa kupuma movutikira panthawi ya zochitika
- Wonjezerani mphamvu ya diaphragm
- Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito olimbitsa thupi a aerobic
8. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mapapo kumachitika kokha kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira. Komabe, thanzi la mtima ndi kupuma bwino kwambiri kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi othamanga, pamene thupi limakhala logwira ntchito bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya.
Zitsanzo za masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe aperekedwa:
- Kuyenda mwachangu, kukwera njinga mosasinthasintha, kusambira pang'ono (monga momwe zimakhalira)
- Nthawi yoyambira ndi mphindi 10-20, pang'onopang'ono imawonjezeka kufika mphindi 30-45
- Kuchuluka kwa nthawi 3-5 pa sabata
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi (monga kugoba pang'ono, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumbuyo ndi paphewa) kumathandizanso kaimidwe ka thupi ndi kupuma bwino, chifukwa chiuno ndi msana wokhazikika zimapangitsa kuti minofu yopumira igwire ntchito bwino.
9. Njira zotulutsira madzi m'malo olumikizirana ndi malo oimikapo madzi
Mu matenda ena, malo ena a thupi amathandiza kutulutsa madzi otuluka m'thupi ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino. Mwachitsanzo, kugona chagada kapena kutsamira kungathandize kufalitsa mpweya mofanana m'malo enaake a m'mapapo. Komabe, njira zimenezi ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zigwirizane ndi vuto la wodwalayo, makamaka ngati pali mavuto a mtima, reflux, kapena mavuto a kuthamanga kwa magazi.
10. Malangizo a machitidwe otetezeka komanso nthawi yoyenera kuonana ndi dokotala
Njira zochiritsira kupuma ziyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono. Siyani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ngati mukumva chizungulire chachikulu, kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma movutikira, milomo yabuluu, kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosalamulirika.
Ndi bwino kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena dokotala ngati:
- Kupuma movutikira nthawi zambiri kumachitika ngakhale mutachita zinthu zochepa
- Ali ndi mbiri ya mphumu/COPD, matenda a mtima, kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni
- Chifuwa chokhala ndi phlegm chomwe chimapitirira kwa milungu yoposa 2-3
- Ndakhala ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya wokwanira m'thupi
Mapeto
Njira zochiritsira thupi kuti ziwonjezere mphamvu ya mapapo zimaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira a diaphragmatic, kupuma milomo movutikira, masewera olimbitsa thupi okulitsa chifuwa, kuchotsa kutulutsa madzi m'thupi (kutsokomola bwino, kupuma movutikira, ACBT), maphunziro opumira minofu (IMT), ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa minofu ndi aerobic ndi kupita patsogolo koyezeka. Chinsinsi cha kupambana chili mu kusasinthasintha, njira yolondola, ndi kusintha kwa pulogalamu kutengera matenda a munthu aliyense. Ndi malangizo a akatswiri, physiotherapy yopumira ingathandize kukonza kupuma, kuwonjezera zochita, komanso kusintha kwambiri moyo.
