Hanganga Whatunga 5G
Pendahuluan
I tēnei ao matihiko, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā whatunga tere me te pono. Ko te hangarau whatunga o te reanga tuarima, arā, ko te 5G, te whakautu ki ēnei tono. Mā te tere teitei ake, te iti o te whakaroa, me te kaha nui ake i tōna mua (4G LTE), ka whakatuwherahia e te 5G te tatau ki ngā auahatanga me ngā whanaketanga hangarau matihiko puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē. Ka arotakehia whānuitia e tēnei tuhinga te hoahoanga whatunga 5G, mai i ōna wāhanga taketake me ngā mātāpono whakahaere tae atu ki tōna pānga ki te rauropi matihiko.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o te Hanganga Whatunga 5G
1. Whatunga Urunga Reo Irirangi (RAN)
He wāhanga nui te Whatunga Urunga Reo Irirangi (RAN) o te hoahoanga whatunga 5G, e hono ana i ngā taputapu kaiwhakamahi (UE) ki te whatunga matua. I roto i te 5G, kua maha ngā whakapainga nui kua pā ki te RAN i roto i te hangarau me te mahi.
– Ngā Pūtau Iti: I roto i te hoahoanga 5G, he tino arotau te whakamahinga o ngā pūtau iti. Ko ngā pūtau iti he teihana turanga iti te mana e kapi ana i tētahi rohe iti ake i ngā pūtau nui. Mā te tāuta i ngā pūtau iti ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha whatunga me te whai hua nui ake.
– MIMO Nui: Mā te hangarau MIMO (Whakaurunga Maha) ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pūihi maha ki ngā teihana turanga me ngā taputapu kaiwhakamahi. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te kaha whatunga me te whai huatanga o te whānuitanga, me te whakapai ake hoki i te kounga tohu.
– Te Hanga Hiko: He tikanga tuku raraunga tēnei e tuku ana i ngā tohu ki te wāhi motuhake o te kaiwhakamahi e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te whai huatanga o te whānuitanga, ā, ka whakaiti i te pokanoa i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi.
2. Whatunga Matua (CN)
Ko te Whatunga Matua (CN) i roto i te hoahoanga 5G e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te 5G Core (5GC). Ko te CN te pou tuarā o te whatunga, e whakahaere ana i ngā raraunga me ngā hononga kaiwhakamahi puta noa i te whatunga. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whatunga 4G, he maha ngā auahatanga matua e kawea mai ana e te 5GC.
– Mahi Papa Kaiwhakamahi (UPF): Mā te wehenga o ngā mahi whakahaere me ngā mahi raraunga i roto i ngā whatunga 5G ka whakauruhia te UPF, e whakahaere ana i te ara raraunga kaiwhakamahi. Mā tēnei ka māmā ake te tohatoha raraunga whai hua e ai ki ngā hiahia o te whatunga.
– Te Tapatapa Whatunga: Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te wehewehe i tētahi whatunga tinana kotahi ki ngā whatunga mariko maha e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi, o ngā ratonga rānei. Hei tauira, me whai hononga pono ake, tere ake hoki ngā ratonga hauora i te tirotiro tukutuku whānui.
– Hoahoa Ratonga-Hangai (SBA): I runga i te hoahoa ratonga, ka taea e te SBA te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā wāhanga whatunga mā roto i ngā API (Application Programming Interfaces), ka ngāwari ake ai, ka urutau ake ai hoki te pūnaha.
3. Whatunga Waka (TN)
Ka hono te Whatunga Waka (TN) i roto i te whatunga 5G i ētahi atu wāhanga whatunga, pērā i te RAN me te CN. Ko ngā whakaritenga whānui teitei me te iti o te whakaroa o te 5G e hiahia ana ki tētahi TN pono me te mahi tino pai.
– Ethernet Tukutahi (SyncE): Ka whakamahia tēnei hangarau hei whakarite i te tukutahitanga wā tika puta noa i ngā huānga whatunga katoa.
– Whatunga Kawe Whatu (OTN): Mā te whakamahinga o te OTN ka nui te kaha me te pai ake o te tuku raraunga.
4. Whakatauranga Rorohiko
Ko te rorohiko taha e aro nui ana ki te tukatuka raraunga e tata ana ki te kaiwhakamahi mutunga, ki te taputapu rānei. Mā te hoahoa 5G, ka taea e te rorohiko taha te whakaiti i te whakaroa me te whakapai ake i te mahi mō ngā tono e aro ana ki te wā urupare.
– MEC (Rorohiko Tapa Uru-maha): Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te tukatuka raraunga ā-rohe i ngā pūwāhi whatunga rerekē, ā, ka whakaitihia te whakaroa me te whakapiki i te whai huatanga.
Te Mahi a ngā Whatunga 5G
1. Te Whakapai Ake i te Hiko
He whānui ake te auau o te 5G, tae atu ki te whakamahinga o ngā ngaru mirimita (mmWave), e whakarato ana i te whānui o te whānui engari he iti ake te kapinga. Mā te whakamahinga whānui ake o te whānuitanga ka nui ake ngā raraunga ka tukuna.
2. Te Whakarerekētanga me te Whakawaehere
Ka whakamahia e te 5G ngā whakarerekētanga matatau ake pērā i te 256-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) e āhei ai te tuku i ngā moka raraunga teitei ake mō ia tohu.
3. Whakaroa Iti
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o ngā whatunga 5G ko te tino iti o te whakaroa, ahakoa kei raro iho i te 1 mirihekona. Mā tēnei ka taea ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te urupare wā-tūturu, pērā i te petipeti ipurangi, te VR/AR, me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga waka-ki-waka (V2V).
Te Whakatinanatanga o te 5G i roto i ngā Rāngai Rerekē
1. Ahumahi Hanga
I roto i te rāngai hangahanga, ka taea e te 5G te whakahaere aunoa matatau ake mā te Industrial IoT (IIoT). Ka taea e ngā mīhini me ngā karetao te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā māramatanga raraunga wā-tūturu, ka whakapiki ake i te pai o te mahi me te āheinga ki te tiaki matapae pai ake.
2. Hauora
I roto i te hauora, ka kawea mai e te 5G ngā mahi auaha pēnei i te rongoā tawhiti pono ake, te pokanga mamao iti-roa, me te aroturuki tūroro wā-tūturu.
3. Waka
I roto i te umanga motuka, ka tautoko te 5G i te whanaketanga o ngā waka motuhake mā te hangarau V2X (Waka ki ngā Mea Katoa) e hiahia ana kia tere te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā waka me ngā hanganga.
4. Ngā Whakangahau me ngā Pāpāho
Mō te rāngai whakangahau me te pāpāho, ka taea e te 5G te rere kore-pūtāhui o ngā ihirangi taumira teitei me ngā wheako Mooni Whakanuia (AR) me te Mooni Mariko (VR) rumaki ake.
Ngā Wero me te Anamata o ngā Whatunga 5G
1. Hanganga
Ko te whakawhanaketanga o te hanganga 5G e hiahiatia ana he haumitanga nui, inā koa ko te tāutanga o ngā pūtau iti e hiahiatia ana mō te kapinga pai rawa atu.
2. Haumarutanga
I te piki haere o te maha o ngā taputapu hono me ngā raraunga e tukuna ana, kei te noho hei wero nui ngā take haumarutanga mō ngā whatunga 5G.
3. Te Ture
Ko te whakaurunga o te 5G me whai ture tautoko mai i te kāwanatanga, tae atu ki te tohatoha i te whānuitanga o te hihi me te whakatakoto paerewa hangarau.
4. Te Mahi Tahi
He wero te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā hangarau tawhito hei whakarite i te whakaurunga me te whakamahinga maeneene o ngā whatunga 5G.
Whakamutunga
He nui ngā panonitanga ka kawea mai e te hoahoanga whatunga 5G, ka huaki i ngā whai wāhitanga nui puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē. Mā te tere teitei, te iti o te whakaroa, me te kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā taputapu maha atu, ko te 5G te tūāpapa mō tētahi heke mai e hono atu ana, e mātau ake ana hoki. Ahakoa kei te mau tonu ngā wero o te whakatinanatanga, ka kawea mai e tēnei whanaketanga he tumanako hou mō ngā auahatanga ā muri ake nei, e whakarerekē ana i te whenua matihiko me te whakapai ake i te kounga whānui o te oranga.
